Comparative toxicity study of Ag, Au, and Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticles on Daphnia magna

A comparative assessment of the 48-h acute toxicity of aqueous nanoparticles synthesized using the same methodology, including Au, Ag, and Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticles, was conducted to determine their ecological effect in freshwater environments through the use of Daphnia magna, using their mortality as a toxicological endpoint. D. magna are one of the standard organisms used for ecotoxicity studies due to their sensitivity to chemical toxicants. Particle suspensions used in toxicity testing were well-characterized through a combination of absorbance measurements, atomic force or electron microscopy, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and dynamic light scattering to determine composition, aggregation state, and particle size. The toxicity of all nanoparticles tested was found to be dose and composition dependent. The concentration of Au nanoparticles that killed 50% of the test organisms (LC₅₀) ranged from 65–75 mg/L. In addition, three different sized Ag nanoparticles (diameters = 36, 52, and 66 nm) were studied to analyze the toxicological effects of particle size on D. magna; however, it was found that toxicity was not a function of size and ranged from 3–4 μg/L for all three sets of Ag nanoparticles tested. This was possibly due to the large degree of aggregation when these nanoparticles were suspended in standard synthetic freshwater. Moreover, the LC₅₀ values for Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticles were found to be between that of Ag and Au but much closer to that of Ag. The bimetallic particles containing 80% Ag and 20% Au were found to have a significantly lower toxicity to Daphnia (LC₅₀ of 15 μg/L) compared to Ag nanoparticles, while the toxicity of the nanoparticles containing 20% Ag and 80% Au was greater than expected at 12 μg/L. The comparison results confirm that Ag nanoparticles were much more toxic than Au nanoparticles, and that the introduction of gold into silver nanoparticles may lower their environmental impact by lowering the amount of Ag which is bioavailable.     

Facile Surfactant-, Reductant-, and Ag Salt-free Growth of Ag Nanoparticles with Controllable Size from 35 to 660 nm on Bulk Ag Materials

Morphologically and dimensionally controlled growth of Ag nanocrystals has long been plagued by surfactants or capping agents that complicate downstream applications, unstable Ag salts that impaired the reproducibility, and multistep seed injection that is troublesome and time-consuming. Here, we report a one-pot electro-chemical method to fast (∼2 min) produce Ag nanoparticles from commercial bulk Ag materials in a nitric acid solution, eliminating any need for surfactants or capping agents. Their size can be easily manipulated in an unprecedentedly wide range from 35 to 660 nm. Furthermore, the Ag nanoparticles are directly grown on the Ag substrate, highly desirable for promising applications such as catalysis and plasmonics. The mechanistic studies reveal that the concentration of Ag⁺ in the diffusion layer nearby the surface, controlled by the magnitude and duration of voltage, is critical in governing the nanoparticle formation (<1.3 mM) and its dimensional adjustability.     

Solvothermal preparation,and characterization,of Cu–Ag nanoparticles

Cu–Ag nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by one-pot solvothermal treatment of a mixture of AgNO₃ and Cu(OAc)₂·H₂O in ethylene glycol solution at 180 °C for 10 h. The samples were characterized by UV–visible absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that Cu–Ag nanoparticles and a small amount of phase-separated Cu–Ag alloy nanoparticles with an average diameter of 100 ± 30 nm were synthesized by the solvothermal treatment procedure. The mechanism of formation is discussed.     

First Principles Calculations Toward Understanding SERS of 2,2′-Bipyridyl Adsorbed on Au,Ag, and Au–Ag Nanoalloy

First principles electrodyanmics and quantum chemical simulations are performed to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of the surface enhanced Raman spectra of 22BPY adsorbed on pure Au and Ag as well as on Au–Ag alloy nanodiscs. Experimental SERS spectra from Au and Ag nanodiscs show similar peaks, whereas those from Au–Ag alloy reveal new spectral features. The physical enhancement factors due to surface nano-texture were considered by numerical FDTD simulations of light intensity distribution for the nano-textured Au, Ag, and Au–Ag alloy and compared with experimental results. For the chemical insights of the enhancement, the DFT calculations with the dispersion interaction were performed using Au₂₀, Ag₂₀, and Au₁₀Ag₁₀ clusters of a pyramidal structure for SERS modeling. Binding of 22BPY to the clusters was simulated by considering possible arrangements of vertex and planar physical as well as chemical adsorption models. The DFT results indicate that 22BPY prefers a coplanar adsorption on a (111) face with trans-conformation having close energy difference to cis-conformation. Binding to pure Au cluster is stronger than to pure Ag or Au–Ag alloy clusters and adsorption onto the alloy surface can deform the surface. The computed Raman spectra are compared with experimental data and assignments for pure Au and Ag models are well matching, indicating the need of dispersion interaction to reproduce strong Raman signal at around 800 cm^–1. This work provides insight into 3D character of SERS on nanorough surfaces due to different binding energies and bond length of nanoalloys. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Thermal stability of Ag–Au,Cu–Au,and Ag–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles supported on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

The formation of Ag–Au, Cu–Au, and Ag–Cu bimetallic particles on the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Samples with the core–shell structure of particles were prepared by sequential thermal vacuum deposition. The thermal stability of the samples was studied over a wide range of temperatures (25-400°C) under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. The heating of the samples to ~250°C leads to the formation of bimetallic alloy particles with a relatively uniform distribution of metals in the bulk. The thermal stability of the samples with respect to sintering depends on the nature of the supported metals. Thus, the Ag–Au particles exhibited the highest thermal resistance (~350°C) under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, whereas the Ag–Cu particles agglomerated even at ~250°C.     

添加Ag或Ag,Ni的V2O5表面氧性质及催化性能研究

用ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ及甲苯选择氧化活性测定等方法研究了Ｖ２Ｏ５和添加Ａｇ或Ａｇ，Ｎｉ的３种样品的表面氧和晶格氧的热脱附性能及催化活性。结果表明，在Ｖ２Ｏ５中加入Ｎｇ或Ａｇ，Ｎｉ后，样品表面上的Ｏ＾－和Ｏ＾２－氧物种的脱附活化能明显降低。添加Ａｇ，Ｎｉ样品表面氧的脱附活化能最低，而苯甲醛生成的选择性最高，在Ｖ２Ｏ５和含有Ａｇ，Ｎｉ的样品中，温度为９６８和７３４℃时，均依次出现以晶格氧（Ｏ＾２－）脱附为主的     

脯氨酸与Ag和Ag+相互作用及性质

用X3LYP杂化密度泛函方法在LACV3P^**++基组水平上对脯氨酸(Pro)的15种构象与Ag原子和Ag⁺离子形成多种配合物的几何结构、电子结构、振转光谱和能量学特征进行了计算研究, 结果得到17种Pro-Ag和23种Pro-Ag⁺稳定结构. 数据分析表明: (1) Pro-Ag配合物中仅有Pro的9种构象出现, 而Pro-Ag⁺配合物中则都涉及, 最稳定结构并不是能量最低的Pro构象与Ag或Ag⁺生成; (2) Pro与4d¹⁰5s¹组态的Ag结合主要是范德华作用力, 对Pro结构影响很小, 配合物中存在较弱的特殊O―H…Ag氢键. 外层5s5p全空的Ag⁺与配位原子间生成σ配位键. 前者以单配位最稳定, 后者以双配位最稳定; (3) Ag原子与Pro配位结合能小于-19 kJ·mol^-1, 而Ag⁺与Pro的结合能在-117 - -255 kJ·mol^-1范围, 形成热力学稳定体系Pro-Ag⁺; (4) 自然键轨道(NBO)布局分析显示 Pro-Ag和Pro-Ag⁺体系中Ag都获得少量负电荷, 配合物的前线轨道能量差(Δε)均比两个碎片的低. 配合物中O―H和N―H键的红移和蓝移都存在.     

Ag,Zn,Pd掺杂对铜基催化剂草酸二甲酯选择性加氢反应的影响

采用密度泛函理论方法, 构建了Ag, Zn, Pd原子掺杂的Cu(111)和Cu₂O(111)活性晶面, 探讨了不同金属掺杂对Cu(111)和Cu₂O(111)催化剂的草酸二甲酯(DMO)加氢反应活性和选择性的影响. 研究结果显示, 掺杂Zn可有效阻止乙醇酸甲酯(MG)进一步加氢, 提高MG的选择性, Ag助剂可以有效提高加氢活性; 而Pd助剂的添加使MG的生成能垒增高, 降低了MG的选择性. Ag-Cu(111)表面具有适宜的d带中心, 生成CH₃OOCCH₂OH的活性最高. 在Ag, Zn, Pd原子掺杂的Cu₂O(111)表面, Ag-Cu₂O(111)能带带隙小、 价带强度高, 在DMO加氢反应中具有最佳的催化活性. 基于上述结果, 提出铜基催化剂结构调变和性能调控的理论方法, 为高效催化剂的设计提供可靠的理论指导.     

Ag(111)表面Ag配位结构的分等级组装

表面辅助的金属有机纳米结构因其结构稳定性和潜在应用受到广泛关注。在金属有机纳米结构中,金属原子来源于外部沉积的金属或金属表面原子。外部沉积的金属原子种类多样,取决于目标纳米结构。然而,金属表面原子受限于表面科学常用的金、银和铜单晶金属表面。金属有机纳米结构大多包括Au配位或是Cu配位结构,而只有少量的用表面Ag原子构成。分子金属相互作用的进一步研究有助于预期纳米结构的精确控制形成。至于构建基元,有机分子通过M―C、M―N和M―O键与表面金属原子配位。末端炔反应或者乌尔曼耦合能够实现C―M―C节点的形成。Cu和Au原子能够与含有末端氰基或吡啶基官能团的分子配位形成N―M―N键。另外,表面Ag增原子能够通过Ag―N配位键与酞菁分子配位。然而,M―O配位键的相关研究较少。因此,我们计划使用末端羟基分子与Ag增原子配位形成金属有机配位纳米结构去研究O―Ag节点。我们通过扫描隧道显微镜利用4, 4’-二羟基-1, 1’: 3’, 1’’-三联苯分子(4, 4’-dihydroxy-1, 1’: 3’, 1’’-terphenyl,H3PH)和Ag增原子成功构筑了一系列二维有序纳米结构。在室温下,蒸镀的H3PH分子自组装形成由环氢键连接的密堆积结构。当退火温度提升到330 K,一种新的纳米结构出现了,该结构由O―Ag配位键和氢键共同作用形成。进一步地提升退火温度至420 K,蜂巢结构和共存的二重配位链出现,这两种结构中仅由O―Ag―O键构成。为分析金属分子反应路径和O―Ag―O键的能量势垒,我们对该体系进行密度泛函理论计算。计算结果显示,O―Ag键形成的能量势垒是1.41 eV,小于O―Ag―O节点1.85 eV的能量势垒。这也解释了分等级金属-有机纳米结构形成的原因。我们的实验结果提供了一种利用有机小分子和金属增原子来设计和构筑分等级二维纳米结构的有效方法。     

Interface analysis of pure Sn,pure Ag and Sn?Ag binary alloys in H2SO4

The electrochemical and passivation properties of three selected binary xSn? Ag (x = 26, 50 and 70 wt%) alloys were studied by means of open‐circuit potential variation, potentiodynamic curves and a.c. impedance spectroscopy techniques.The specimens were polarized between ?1.0 and 0.5 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in naturally oxygenated sulfuric acidsolutions of different concentrations The experimental results indicate that i_corr increases with increasing either the acid concentration or the Sn content in the solid phase. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopyresults measured at the free corrosion potential confirm that alloy I (26Sn? Ag) characterizes by thicker passive film with higher protective ability compared to the other two samples richer in tin component. The exponential variation of the relative thickness of the surface film on any of the tested samples assumes an almost constant thickness for a thin barrier layer and a much larger outer porous layer that dominates the total film thickness on the alloy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铅锌混合精矿中的Cu,Cd,Fe,As,Ag,Al6种元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定铅锌混合精矿中6种元素的定量分析方法。通过实验选择324.754,228.802,259.940,193.696,328.068,396.152nm分别作为Cu,Cd,Fe,As,Ag,Al的分析谱线,方法的检出限均小于0.010μg/mL。对铅锌矿标准样品进行分析,测定结果与标准值基本一致。方法的回收率在96%~104%,精密度实验结果表明,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均小于4%,能满足日常分析对铅锌混合精矿中杂质元素的检测要求。     

Mass Spectrometric Studies on Metal-hexafluorobenzene Anionic Complexes（M=Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Pb and Bi）

The anionic products from the reactions between metal(M=Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Pb and Bi) vapour produced by laser ablation and hexafluorobenzene seeded in carrier gas(Ar) were studied by means of a homemade reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry(RTOF-MS). Experimental results show that the dominant products were [MmC6F6]-complexes for the reactions of Ag, Au, Pd and Pt with C6F6, while the dominant products were [MmC6F5]-complexes for the reactions of Pb and Bi with C6F6. The formation mechanisms of the prod...     

CdS/MS(M=Ag,Pb,Cu,Zn)半导体纳米复合结构的制备

利用金属硫化物在水溶液中溶度积的差异和通过水热及超声波等辅助方式,利用离子置换法与共沉淀法,对CdS纳米棒上金属离子(Cd²⁺)的部分置换而对纳米微粒进行侵蚀或包覆,形成镶嵌式点缀结构或完全包覆层的异质核-壳结构CdS/MS(M=Ag⁺,Cu²⁺,Pb²⁺,Zn²⁺)。使用XRD和TEM对所得样品进行了表征。     

ZrO2载体上Pd,Ag,Co催化剂用于甲烷完全氧化反应的研究

用浸渍法制备了Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２、Ａｇ／ＺｒＯ２和Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２等催化剂用一完全氧化反应。实验表明,对Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂,焙烧温度对共催化生影响很大,最佳焙烧温度为２８０℃。对Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂,最佳Ｐｄ负一为１０Ｗ％。随总流量增大,甲烷论率下随Ｏ２／ＣＨ４进料比减小,甲烷转化率下降。其它负载型金属催化剂如Ａｇ,Ｃｏ等用于甲烷氧化反应中具有一定的活性,但活性低于Ｐｄ。Ｐｄ－Ｃｏ双金属催化剂可望是理     

Ag—Ag2SO4化学修饰电极的研制及应用

笔者在文献[1]中曾报道了以普通玻碳电极为基体的Ag-Ag_2CrO_4化学修饰电极。本文用类似的原理,在旋转圆盘玻碳电极上制成了更均匀、稳定的Ag-Ag_2SO_4化学修饰电极。该电极用于SO_4~(2-)含量的测定,可检出至0.076mg·L~(-1),优于现行的碘量法、容量法、比浊法及铅离子选择电极法。手续简单、准确度高。用于测试水泥样品中SO_3含量及水质中SO_4~(2-)含量,效果良好。 1 仪器与试剂 ATA-1A型旋转园盘电极(上海工业大学,江苏电分析仪器厂) XJP-821(B)新极谱仪(中科院长春应化所、江苏电分析仪器厂) PXJ-1型数字式离子计(江苏电分析仪器厂) 213型铂片电极;801型双液接甘汞电极 DCyTA(固): (1,2-二胺基环已烷四乙酸,C_(14)H_(25)O_8N_2)     

THE GEOMETRY AND ORBITAL INTERACTION OF TRIATOMIC CLUSTERS FOR Cu,Ag,Au(Ⅱ)

ＴＨＥＧＥＯＭＥＴＲＹＡＮＤＯＲＢＩＴＡＬＩＮＴＥＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＲＩＡＴＯＭＩＣＣＬＵＳＴＥＲＳＦＯＲＣｕ，Ａｇ，Ａｕ（Ⅱ）￥ＨａｎＸｉｎｇＬＩＵ（ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ＷｕｈａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉ...     

超微粒子Ag和Ag2O的TEM和XRD分析

利用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）和Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）技术对超微粒子Ａｇ和Ａｇ_２Ｏ进行了在位跟踪测试分析。两种超微粒子分别具有自发性晶化和非晶比趋势，粒子结晶核的尺寸相应的增大和减小。这种时间演变服从幂次律，并取决于粒子自身线度、表面与界面结构及形态。