钒化合物在碳糊电极上的循环伏安行为

碳糊电极;钒化合物在碳糊电极上的循环伏安行为;循环伏安法;氧化还原反应;反应机理;     

氮化钛纳米管作为钒电池负极对V(Ⅱ)/V(Ⅲ)的电化学性能

采用阳极氧化法在钛箔表面原位生长二氧化钛纳米管,随后在氨气氛围中氮化还原制备氮化钛纳米管,并将此电极直接作为钒电池的负极,研究其对VⅡ/VⅢ的电化学性能。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）以及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等材料测试手段对氮化钛纳米管的形貌、组成和结构进行表征。分析结果表明,氨气高温氮化后,前驱体TiO₂相转变为TiN和Ti₂N相,表面元素组成为Ti-N-O,Ti-N和Ti-O,且其形貌仍保持纳米管的微观结构。采用循环伏安,电化学阻抗和充放电测试表明,氮化钛纳米管对负极电解液中的V（Ⅱ）/V（Ⅲ）展现了优异的电催化活性和可逆性,这主要归因于氮化钛纳米管大的电化学真实表面积和快速的电子转移通道。     

氮化钛纳米管作为钒电池负极对V(Ⅱ)/V(Ⅲ)的电化学性能

采用阳极氧化法在钛箔表面原位生长二氧化钛纳米管,随后在氨气氛围中氮化还原制备氮化钛纳米管,并将此电极直接作为钒电池的负极,研究其对V（Ⅱ）/V（Ⅲ）的电化学性能。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）以及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等材料测试手段对氮化钛纳米管的形貌、组成和结构进行表征。分析结果表明,氨气高温氮化后,前驱体TiO₂相转变为TiN和Ti₂N相,表面元素组成为Ti-N-O,Ti-N和Ti-O,且其形貌仍保持纳米管的微观结构。采用循环伏安,电化学阻抗和充放电测试表明,氮化钛纳米管对负极电解液中的V（Ⅱ）/V（Ⅲ）展现了优异的电催化活性和可逆性,这主要归因于氮化钛纳米管大的电化学真实表面积和快速的电子转移通道。     

多目标单纯形法在茜素红催化荧光测定痕量钒(V)中的应用

本文建立了茜素红催化荧光测定痕量钒(V)的新方法.在λ_(ex)/λ_(em)=381/445(nm),由多目标罚函数单纯形法获得最佳实验条件为:1%茜素红6mL,1mol/L盐酸2.1mL,饱和KIO_4,1.8mL,反应温度85℃,反应时间15.30min,钒的检测下限为7×10~(-10)g/mL,反应对试剂及金属离子均为一级反应.方法用于水样和铬钒钢中钒的测定,结果满意.     

Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(Ⅲ)电对在硫酸溶液中氧化还原行为

采用循环伏安法对Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(Ⅲ)电对在硫酸溶液中铂电极上的氧化还原与Mn(Ⅱ)浓度、酸浓度、扫描速率、温度以及对流因素的函数关系进行了研究.结果发现,Mn(Ⅱ)在铂电极上Mn(Ⅱ)的氧化及Mn(Ⅲ)的还原均受扩散控制；升高温度和磁搅拌均能增加Mn(Ⅱ)氧化为Mn(Ⅲ)的速率；增加酸浓度和Mn(Ⅱ)浓度有利于增加Mn(Ⅲ)的稳定性,减少Mn(Ⅲ)的歧化和水解.     

海沙钛铁矿在硫酸溶液中的电化学溶解研究

采用电化学技术研究了孟加拉国海沙里钛铁矿在硫酸溶液中不同温度下的溶解行为. 循环伏安研究表明,在没有添加碳粉的条件下钛铁矿的溶解非常困难. 为了探明钛铁矿的溶解过程,考察了钛铁矿-碳比例、硫酸浓度和温度对钛铁矿电化学溶解行为的影响. 结果显示,钛铁矿在低还原电位和低温下的溶解速率较慢. 施加更负的还原电位和在较高的温度下溶解速率加快. 增加硫酸浓度（最大浓度到1 mol?dm^-3）也可提高溶解速率. 但是,在较高的硫酸浓度和还原电位下,由于氢气析出导致钛铁矿的溶解速率降低,且气体吸附最后使得钛铁矿的活性表面积减小. 计算得到活化能数值在高温区间为50±10 kJ•mol^-1, 而低温区间为?15±5kJ•mol^-1, 说明低温区间为扩散控制过程,而高温区间为化学控制过程.     

D301大孔树脂吸附钒(V)的性能研究

研究了D301大孔树脂对钒的吸附性能.结果表明,pH值对D301树脂吸附钒的影响很大,与钒在溶液中的赋存状态有关,且在pH=2时吸附效果最好:测得吸附热力学参数分别为:△H=8.97kJ/mol,△G_(313)=-5.69kJ/mol,△G_(303)=-5.2kJ/mol,△G_(293)=-4.9kJ/mol,△S=46.84J/mol·K.等温吸附服从Freundlich经验式;考察了溶液浓度、搅拌速率对交换过程的影响,并对实验数据运用相关理论模型进行拟合,结果显示钒(V)在D301树脂上吸附交换过程控制步骤为颗粒扩散控制,反应级数n为0.2391.     

苯甲醛在离子液体中的电化学行为

应用线性扫描循环伏安法、方波循环伏安法和计时电量法测定苯甲醛在3种离子液体C4M IMBF4、C6M IMBF4和C8M IMBF4中的电化学行为.实验表明,在C4M IIVIBF4离子液体中苯甲醛于GC电极上的还原包含两个连续、不可逆单电子过程,对应的方波I~E曲线峰电位Ep为-1.39 V和-1.69 V,估算的扩散系数分别为D1=1.5×10-8cm2/s和D2=1.3×10-8cm2/s.而在C6M IMBF4和C8M IMBF4离子液体中,则苯甲醛于GC电极仅显示一个电流峰,这可能是因为C4M IMBF4的碱性较C6M IMBF4和C8M IMBF4弱的缘故;而电流的衰减时间亦依C4M IMBF4,C6M IMBF4,C8M IMBF4,次序增长,并会导致更慢的异相动力学过程.     

钒的羰基化合物V(CO)_n的电子结构研究

用限制性的CNDO/2法研究具有开壳层结构V(CO)_x(n=1～6)的各种构型和轨道.给出轨道能级相关图,阐明了各种构型的关系及稳定性.     

氨基比林的循环伏安测定及其电化学行为研究

在0.05 mol/L Tris-HCI(pH=8.5)的底液中,采用循环伏安法测定氨基比林,得到一良好的氧化峰,峰电位Ep=0.25 V,峰电流Ip与氨基比林的浓度在8.0×10-7～1.6×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.9969,检出限为9.0×10-8mol/L.采用本法测定安痛定注射液中氨基比林的含量,回收率在95.0%～106.2%相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.68%.研究了氨基比林在玻碳电极上的电化学行为,结果表明氨基比林的电极过程具有吸附性和不可逆性.     

全钒液流电池高浓度下V(IV)/V(V)的电极过程研究

采用循环伏安、低速线性扫描和阻抗技术, 以石墨为电极, 研究了V(IV)/V(V)在较高浓度下的电极过程. 结果表明, 采用2.0 mol•L-1 的V(IV)溶液时, H2SO4浓度低于2 mol•L-1, V(IV)/V(V)反应极化大, 可逆性差, 表现为电化学和扩散混合控制; H2SO4浓度增至2 mol•L-1以上, V(IV)/V(V)反应的可逆性提高, 转为扩散控制, 且增加H2SO4浓度有利于阻抗的降低; 但H2SO4浓度超过3 mol•L-1, 溶液的粘度和传质阻力大, 阻抗反而增大. 在3 mol•L-1的H2SO4中, 随着V(IV)浓度的增加, 体系的可逆性和动力学改善, 阻抗减小; 但V(IV)浓度超过2.0 mol•L-1, 较高的溶液粘度导致溶液的传质阻力迅速增加, V(IV)/ V(V)的电化学性能衰减, 阻抗增大. 因此, 综合考虑电极反应动力学和电池的能量密度两因素, V(IV)溶液的最佳浓度为1.5～2.0 mol•L-1, H2SO4浓度为3 mol•L-1.     

Pd/Mm(富铈稀土)薄膜电极在KOH溶液中的电化学行为

利用磁控溅射法制备了Pd/Mm(Mischmetal)混合稀土薄膜,采用X射线衍射、AFM及循环伏安和交流阻抗谱等电化学测试技术研究了Pd/Mm稀土薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌及其在KOH溶液中的电化学行为.结果表明,Pd/Mm薄膜表面的Pd层由纳米级的孤岛状颗粒构成,颗粒大小为100～200 nm.循环伏安法研究表明,氢的电化学氧化和还原均通过表面Pd金属层进行.Pd/Mm稀土薄膜电极的交流阻抗图由两个容抗弧组成,低频区的容抗弧对应氢在电极中的固态扩散过程,而高频段的容抗弧对应氢在电极表面的电化学还原过程,其中氢在薄膜电极内部的扩散是速率控制步骤.     

Catalytic Conversion of SO2 Released from the Roasting Process of Copper Sulfides to SO3 by New Nanocatalysts of Vanadium(V) Oxide

Two new silica‐supported vanadium(V) oxide nanocatalysts were synthesized from vanadyl(IV ) sulfate and vanadyl(IV ) oxalate by the sol–gel method. The nanocatalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy. The average diameter of the nanocatalysts was ~16 nm. The catalytic activity of both nanocatalysts was investigated in the oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO₂ ) released from the roasting of copper sulfides to sulfur trioxide (SO₃ ), and the results were compared with those obtained from a commercial BASF (Baden Aniline and Soda Factory) catalyst. It is worth mentioning that our nanocatalysts show higher activity than the commercial catalyst for the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃ under similar reaction conditions. The suggested electrocatalytic mechanism for the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃ was confirmed by computational studies. Our calculations indicate that the terminal VO bond of V₂O₅ is likely the most active site for the adsorption and oxidation of SO₂ .     

Azidokomplexe von Vanadium(IV) und Vanadium(V): (Ph4P)2[VOCl2(μ‐N3)]2 und (Ph4P)2[VOCl(μ‐N3)(N3)2]2

Azido Complexes of Vanadium(IV) and Vanadium(V): (Ph₄P)₂[VOCl₂(μ‐N₃)]₂ and (Ph₄P)₂[VOCl(μ‐N₃)(N₃)₂]₂ (Ph₄P)₂[VOCl₂(μ‐N₃)]₂ ( 1 ) was prepared by reaction of (Ph₄P)[VO₂Cl₂] with trimethylsilylazide in the molar ratio 1:2 in dichloromethane solution to give dark green, moisture sensitive, non‐explosive single crystals. The reaction is accompanied by the formation of the dark blue side‐product (Ph₄P)₂[VOCl(μ‐N₃)(N₃)₂]₂ ( 2a ), which can be obtained as the main product by application of a large excess of Me₃SiN₃. Dark blue needles of 2a crystallize spontaneously from the CH₂Cl₂ solution within one hour at 4 °C. After standing at 4 °C under its mother liquid within 24 hours a first‐order phase transition of 2a occurs forming dark blue prismatic single crystals of 2b . According to single crystal X‐ray structure determinations, 2a and 2b crystallize in the same type of space group , however, with different lattice dimensions. The vanadium(IV) complex 1 is characterized by X‐ray structure determination and by vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman) as well as by EPR spectroscopy, whereas 2b is characterized by IR spectroscopy. 1 : Space group P2₁/n, Z = 2, a = 1009.5(1), b = 1226.6(2), c = 1943.0(2) pm, β = 98.42(1)°, R₁ = 0.0672. The complex anion forms centrosymmetric units with V₂N₂‐four‐membered rings with a V···V distance of 335.6(1) pm and coordination number five on the vanadium(IV) atoms. 2a : Space group , Z = 1, a = 1089.0(2), b = 1097.1(2), c = 1310.1(2) pm, α = 92.99(1)°, β = 106.12(2)°, γ = 117.05(2)°, V = 1309.8(4) ų, d_calc. = 1.440 g·cm^?3, R₁ = 0.0384. The complex anion forms centrosymmetric units of symmetry C_i with V₂N₂ four‐membered rings and VN bond lengths of 200.4(3) and 234.4(2) pm, respectively. The non‐bonding V···V distance amounts to 356.2(1) pm. 2b : Space group , Z = 1, a = 1037.3(2), b = 1157.6(2), c = 1177.2(2) pm, α = 98.48(2)°, ° = 103.82(2)°, γ = 106.33(2)°, V = 1281.8(4) ų, d_calc. = 1.471 g·cm^?3, R₁ = 0.0724. The structure of the complex anion is similar to the anion of 2a with VN bond lengths of the four‐membered V₂N₂ ring of 203.3(4) and 235.2(4) pm, respectively, and a non‐bonding V···V distance of 357.5(1) pm.     

酸性介质中碘离子在铂电极上的电化学氧化行为

采用循环伏安法研究了酸性介质中碘离子在铂电极上不同电位区间, 不同酸度下的电化学反应行为. 结果表明, 当极化电位较低(小于0.6 V(vs Hg/Hg2SO4))时, 碘离子在铂电极上发生2I--2e→I2电氧化反应, 反应产物通过I2+I-=I-3被进一步溶解, 整个反应属于E-C(electrochemical-chemical)模式. 电氧化过程中可以形成碘膜, 其也可以被碘离子溶解. 当极化电位升高至0.6 V(vs Hg/Hg2SO4)或以上时, 碘离子会直接电氧化为高价态碘化合物, I-+3H2O→IO-3+6H++6e, 而析出的碘膜并不发生再氧化反应; 在电化学还原过程中, 出现了两个还原峰, 分别对应于I2、I-3的还原反应; 在无碘膜时, 碘离子电氧化过程受溶液中碘离子的液相扩散步骤控制; 碘膜形成后, 主要受碘膜中碘离子的固相扩散控制; 酸度对于碘离子的电化学氧化过程有很大的影响, 其线性极化曲线的起峰电位及电流峰值电位均随酸浓度升高而负移.     

双极谱峰指示催化动力学极语法测定痕量钒

在硫酸介质中,以酒石酸为活化剂,痕量机对溴酸钾氧化乙基极的反应具有极强的催化作用,研究了最佳反应条件,且发现在氨性缓冲溶液中乙基橙及其氧化产物具有良好的极谱峰,以极谱法监测催化反应过程中乙基橙及其氧化产物浓度的变化,建立了催化动力学极谱法测定痕量帆的新方法。方法的线性范围为０．２５～３．５μｇ／Ｌ,检出限为０．１２μｇ／Ｌ。应用于食品中痕量钒的测定,结果满意。     

Electrochemical behavior of phthalocyanines containing high oxidation state central metals: Titanium(IV), vanadium(IV), and tantalum(V)

The syntheses of 2,(3)-(peripheral) and 1,(4)-(non-peripheral) (2-mercaptopyridine)phthalocyanine complexes of titanium(IV) oxide (5a and 6a, respectively), vanadium(IV) oxide (7a and 8a, respectively) and tantalum(V) hydroxide (9a, peripheral only) and their electrochemical characterization are presented in this report. Their electrochemistry is compared to that of thiophenyl and thiobenzyl substituted derivatives. The non-peripherally substituted complexes are more difficult to reduce than peripherally substituted derivatives. In addition, the mercaptopyridine substituted derivatives are more difficult to reduce compared to benzylmercapto and phenylmercapto derivatives, and aryl easier reduce than alkyl substitution. Spectroelectrochemistry of the complexes confirmed metal and ring redox processes for TaPc and TiPc derivatives and ring based processes only for VPc complexes.     

硫醇在金电极上的SA单分子层膜的电化学研究

金基底上的硫醇自组装单分子层膜(Self-asembledmonolayers,SAMs)具有良好的稳定性和有序性,因此在基础研究及应用技术等领域都受到了广泛的重视^[1].通过电化学方法测定自组装膜对溶液中电活性物质的异向电子转移的阻碍作用.     

Darstellung,Ramanspektren und Kristallstrukturen von V2O3(SO4)2, K[VO(SO4)2] und NH4[VO(SO4)2]

Preparation, Raman Spectra, and Crystal Structures of V₂O₃(SO₄)₂, K[VO(SO₄)₂], and NH₄[VO(SO₄)₂] The oxo-sulfato-vanadates(V) V₂O₃(SO₄)₂, K[VO(SO₄)₂], and NH₄[VO(SO₄)₂] have been prepared as crystals suitable for X-ray structure determination. In all structures sulfate acts as an unidentate ligand only toward a single vanadium atom. The structure of V₂O₃(SO₄)₂ consists of a threedimensional network of pairs of cornershared VO₆ octahedra with one terminal oxygen atom each, and SO₄ tetrahedra. All oxygen atoms of the sulfate ions are coordinated. NH₄[VO(SO₄)₂] and K[VO(SO₄)₂] are isostructural. VO₆ octahedra with one terminal oxygen atom and pairs of sulfate tetrahedra form infinite chains by corner sharing. The chains are weakly interlinked to layers. The sulfate ions are distorted towards planar SO₃ molecules and single oxygen atoms attached to vanadium. This structural detail gives an explanation for the mechanism of the reversible reaction K[VO(SO₄)₂] ? K[VO₂(SO₄)] + SO₃ at 400°C. Raman spectra of the compounds have been recorded and interpreted with respect to their structures. Crystal data: V₂O₃(SO₄)₂, monoclinic, space group P2₁/a, a = 947.2(4), b = 891.3(3), c? 989.1(4) pm, β = 104.56(3)°, Z = 4, 878 unique data, R(R_w) = 0.039(0,033); K[VO(SO₄)₂], orthorhombic, space group P2₁2₁2₁, a = 495.3(2), b = 869.6(9), c = 1 627(1)pm, Z = 4, 642 unique data, R(R_w) = 0,11(0,10); NH₄[VO(SO₄)₂], orthorhombic, space group P2₁2₁2₁, a = 495.3(1), b = 870.0(2), c = 1 676.7(4)pm, Z = 4, 768 unique data, R(R_w) = 0.088(0.083).