半导体光催化降解废水有机污染物概述

半导体多相光催化降解废水有机污染物是一个备受环境科学工作者关注的领域。文章简要地阐述了半导体的光电化学特性、有机物的光催化降解机理及其动力学、半导体光催化剂的改性方法及原理等 ,并讨论了半导体光催化技术当前的发展方向     

SO42-/TiO2-SiO2的制备及对甲基橙的光催化降解

0 引言 水中难降解有机物的治理已成为当今重要的环境问题,对新型高效水处理剂的需求也愈加迫切。多相光催化氧化已成为国内外治理污水的新技术,但常规二氧化钛半导体光催化剂的量子效率     

多金属氧酸盐光催化降解有机污染物研究进展

光催化作为一种高级氧化技术在有机污染物的降解方面得到广泛研究。本文概述了多金属氧酸盐光催化降解有机卤化物、染料、农药等有机污染物的研究进展,介绍了多金属氧酸盐与半导体氧化物、层状双氢氧化物、分子筛与介孔材料、离子交换树脂形成的复合材料,以及与半导体氧化物、聚乙烯醇等形成的复合膜材料的相关研究。     

水环境中铜的光化学研究进展

水环境中的铜主要以配合物形式存在,大多具有光化学活性.由于铜在光化学过程中的氧化还原循环可以导致其配体以及水体中有机污染物的降解,所以铜及其配合物在污染修复技术中的应用逐渐受到关注.本文综述了水环境中铜的光化学研究进展以及在多相和均相光催化体系中铜对污染修复的影响.     

二硫化钼基复合材料的合成及光催化降解与产氢特性

随着环境污染和能源短缺的加剧,无污染环境修复技术及清洁能源替代工程已成为一项重要而紧迫的任务。作为层状结构的过渡金属硫化物,二硫化钼带隙较窄,边缘具有高的反应活性,容易与其他物质形成复合结构,是近年来光催化环境修复及清洁能源领域的研究热点。本文详细介绍了半导体二硫化钼及其复合物的合成方法和光催化降解与产氢行为,重点阐述了二硫化钼及其复合物的具体复合方式、光催化降解污染物活性、光催化产氢活性以及具体的降解与产氢机理等方面的内容,并举例说明。二硫化钼及其复合物在光催化降解污染物和光催化产氢方面具有绿色、廉价、高效等优点,在环境修复及清洁能源领域具有巨大的潜力和应用发展前景。     

g-C3N4/Bi8(CrO4)O11S型异质结的自组装制备及其光催化降解诺氟沙星和双酚A(英文)

近年来,抗生素的过度使用导致水体严重污染,威胁着生态环境安全和人体健康.太阳光驱动的半导体光催化技术被认为是一种有效去除污染物的手段.由于单一半导体光催化剂的多种缺陷,构建具有可见光响应和强氧化/还原能力的异质结光催化剂是去除有机污染物的有效途径.Bi₈(CrO₄)O₁₁(BCO)作为一种新发现的可见光响应半导体,由于较正的价带位,使得其在光催化污染物降解和水氧化方面显示了潜在的应用价值.然而,快速的载流子复合抑制了其活性.石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄,CN)作为不含金属的半导体备受关注,其不仅具有可见光响应、环境友好和电子结构可调等优点,而且二维结构和较负的导带位使得CN更容易与其它半导体形成异质结光催化剂.因此,氧化型的BCO和还原型的CN结合构成异质结,有望形成S型载流子转移,从而提高光生电子-空穴对的分离效率,进而提高光催化降解污染物的活性.本文通过自组装方法制备了一系列新型CN基异质结CN/BCO.CN/BCO异质结光催化降解诺氟沙星(NOR)和双酚A(BPA)的最优比...     

GRS大红和弱酸红R混合液的光催化降解模拟研究

近年来,利用半导体材料处理印染废水的光催化氧化技术研究日益受到重视.该技术与传统的污水处理方法相比,具有高效、稳定、无二次污染以及对各类有机污染物(包括难生物降解的有毒污染物)可深度、彻底氧化等突出优点[1-2].目前对该技术研究的关注焦点放在高催化活性的光催化剂的研制上,但近年已有人开始利用已有催化剂如TiO2对印染废水进行光催化降解模拟研究,分析确定降解影响因素,并研究降解条件的优化,从而为该技术的应用奠定基础[3-5].     

用于降解印染废水中有机污染物的光催化剂的研究进展

纺织工业印染废水的大量排放是造成水体污染物增多的主要因素之一,对人体健康和生态环境的良性循环造成严重威胁。目前,采用的物理吸附法、化学氧化法以及生物分解法等废水处理技术成本高昂、治污不彻底且容易产生二次污染,加快研发经济高效的处理技术对降低水资源消耗、保护环境意义重大。光催化降解法是催化剂受光辐照后在反应体系中产生活性自由基,自由基进一步与有机污染物反应,使其完全降解。由于该方法经济高效,不易造成二次污染,符合绿色环保的发展要求,已成为污染物降解的研究热点。本文主要综述了近10年光催化技术在降解有机污染物领域的具体方法与研究进展,指出无机半导体、金属有机框架和有机小分子材料作为光催化剂存在的弊端,而多孔共轭聚合物兼具优异的光催化降解和吸附性能,具有很好的发展前景。     

宽带隙p区金属氧化物/氢氧化物对苯的光催化降解(英文)

苯具有高毒性和致病性,是空气中常见的一种挥发性有机污染物,对健康和环境危害大.以TiO2为代表的半导体光催化氧化技术是一种理想的环境治理技术,已广泛应用于一般室内挥发性有机物(VOCs)的去除.然而在处理苯等难降解有机污染物时,由于在催化剂表面生成难被降解的聚合物中间产物,往往导致TiO2光催化剂的失活.开发可在常温下使用的降解苯系污染物的高效光催化剂对于推广光催化技术在苯污染治理中的应用具有重大的意义.最近我们研究所开发出一系列宽带隙p区金属氧化物/氢氧化物光催化剂,它们对苯系污染物的光催化降解显示出很好的活性和稳定性,是一类极具应用前景的降解苯系污染物的新型光催化剂.在这篇文章中,我们总结这类宽带隙p区金属氧化物/氢氧化物光催化剂的制备及其光催化降解苯的活性,对其不同于TiO2的光催化机理,及其结构和光催化性能之间的关系进行初步的探讨.     

二氧化钛基Z型光催化剂综述(英文)

TiO_2具有无毒、耐腐蚀、高稳定和低成本等特点,已被广泛应用于光催化领域.然而,TiO_2的禁带较宽,只能吸收仅占太阳光4%的紫外光部分,从而严重限制了TiO_2光催化材料对太阳光的有效应用.目前很多方法被用来提高TiO_2光催化效率,如金属/非金属掺杂、贵金属负载、异质结构建和与碳材料复合等,这些策略在提高光催化剂的光催化效率中,涉及到如何兼顾太阳光利用和光生空穴和电子氧化还原能力两者之间的平衡.通常,半导体禁带宽度越窄,半导体的光谱响应范围越宽、太阳光利用越多,但光生空穴和电子氧化还原能力越弱.因此,想要提高TiO_2的光催化性能,应考虑以下两个方面的平衡:即降低带隙宽度,拓展半导体的光谱响应范围;与之同时使价带电位更正,导带电位更负之间的平衡.然而,这两个点是相互矛盾的,因此很难在单组分光催化剂中同时实现这两点.然而,Z型光催化剂可以同时满足这两点要求,即:降低半导体的带隙,同时使导带更负,价带更正,因为Z光催化系统利用了两种半导体的优势,其电荷转移机制类似于自然界中绿色植物的光合作用,其中的载流子传输途径包括两步激发,类似于英文字母"Z",Z型光催化剂因此而得名.Z型光催化剂既能保留较高还原能力的光生电子和又能保留较高氧化能力的光生空穴,由于Z型光催化剂特有的优点,在光催化领域的应用越来越广泛.本文综述了TiO_2基Z型光催化剂的最新研究进展,其中包括:Z型光催化机理、应用范围和光催化活性改进方法.Z型光催化剂分为传统液相Z型光催化体系,全固态Z型光催化体系,以及最近几年发展起来的直接Z型光催化体系.它们的主要应用包括:光催化分解水产氢、二氧化碳还原制备太阳燃料、有机污染物光催化降解.论文进一步讨论了提高TiO_2基Z型光催化剂性能的方法,包括pH值调控、电子导体选择、助催化剂使用、掺杂改性、组织形貌控制、两种半导体质量比优化等.最后,提出了TiO_2基Z型光催化剂今后面临的挑战和发展前景展望.     

Recent advances in BiOBr-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation

The efficient utilization of solar energy through photocatalysis is ideal for solving environmental issues and the development sustainable future. BiOBr-based semiconductors possess unique narrowed bandgaps and layered structures, thereby widely studied as photocatalysts for environmental remediation. However, a little has been focused on the comprehensive reviewing of BiOBr despite its extensive and promising applications. In this review, the state-of-the-art developments of BiOBr-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation are summarized. Particular focus is paid to the synthetic strategies for the control of the resulting morphologies, as well as efficient modification strategies for improving the photocatalytic activities. These include boosting the bulk phase by charge separation, enhancing the spatial charge separation, and engineering the surface states. The environmental uses of BiOBr-based photocatalysts are also reviewed in terms of purification of pollutants and CO₂ reduction. Finally, future challenges and opportunities of BiOBr-based materials in photocatalysis are discussed. Overall, this review provides a good basis for future exploration of high-efficiency solar-driven photocatalysts for environmental sustainability.     

Layered photocatalytic nanomaterials for environmental applications

The increasing pollution and human demand for a cleaner environment have made achieving the environmental sustainability a current research focus. As a “green” technology, semiconductor photocatalysis is of great significance to the environmental purification. Benefiting from the unique anisotropic crystal structure and electronic properties, layered photocatalytic nanomaterials show great potential for efficient photocatalytic environmental treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress on layered photocatalytic nanomaterials for oxidation or reduction of pollutants in water and air along with the basic understanding of related mechanisms and developments in this field. First, the existing diversified layered photocatalysts are classified, and their different synthesis and modification strategies are discussed in detail to provide a comprehensive view of the material design that affects their photocatalytic performance. Subsequently, the extensive applications of the above-mentioned layered photocatalytic nanomaterials in environmental fields are systematically summarized, including photooxidation of water and air pollutants, and photoreduction of heavy metal pollutants, NO₃^?, BrO₃^? and CO₂. Finally, based on the current research achievements in layered photocatalysts for environmental remediation, the future development direction and challenges are proposed.     

TiO2光催化反应及其在废水处理中的应用*

TiO₂ 多相光催化能利用太阳能有效降解多种对环境有害的污染物, 使有害物质矿化为CO₂、H₂O 及其它无机小分子物质。本文综述了TiO₂光催化的机理, 提高光催化能力的途径, 多种具有代表性污染物的光催化降解处理方法,以及目前尚存在的一些问题,扼要介绍了近年来TiO₂光催化反应及其在废水处理中应用的研究进展及应用前景。     

Modification strategies of TiO2 for potential applications in photocatalysis: a critical review

TiO₂ has received tremendous attention owing to its potential applications in the field of photocatalysis for solar fuel production and environmental remediation. This review mainly describes various modification strategies and potential applications of TiO₂ in efficient photocatalysis. In past few years, various strategies have been developed to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂, including noble metal deposition, elemental doping, inorganic acids modification, heterojunctions with other semiconductors, dye sensitization and metal ion implantation. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of TiO₂-based material for CO₂ conversion, water splitting and pollutants degradation are highlighted in this review.     

TiO2光催化反应及其在废水处理中的应用

TiO₂ 多相光催化能利用太阳能有效降解多种对环境有害的污染物, 使有害物质矿化为CO₂、H₂O 及其它无机小分子物质。本文综述了TiO₂光催化的机理, 提高光催化能力的途径, 多种具有代表性污染物的光催化降解处理方法,以及目前尚存在的一些问题,扼要介绍了近年来TiO₂光催化反应及其在废水处理中应用的研究进展及应用前景。     

Metal-facilitated Photocatalytic Nanohybrids: Rational Design and Promising Environmental Applications

As a promising technique to potentially address the energy crisis and environmental issues, photocatalysis has been reported widely to exhibit various outstanding behaviors in production of new fuels/chemicals and treatment of contaminants. The photocatalytic performance is extremely dependent on the used photocatalysts, so that the design and preparation of efficient photocatalysts are critically important for significantly improving the photocatalytic activity. Among various strategies, the hybridization of metal with semiconductors has recently been attracting more and more research interest owing to their expended spectral absorption, promoted transferring rate of charge carriers and Plasmon-enhanced effect. In this minireview, the metal-facilitated hybrid photocatalysts are overviewed comprehensively to first reveal unique functions of metals in improvement of photoactivity and summarize the emerging metal-involved hybrid systems. Subsequently, the synthetic methods towards hybrid photocatalysts are introduced and their practical applications are emphasized in environmental remediation including degradation of organic pollutants, conversion of harmful gases, treatment of heavy metal ions and sterilization of bacteria. At the end, the challenges for industrializing these hybrid photocatalysts are discussed carefully and future development is suggested rationally.     

Pure and modified TiO2 photocatalysts and their environmental applications

Semiconductor photocatalysis is a process that harnesses light energy in chemical conversions. In particular, its applications to environmental remediation have been intensively investigated. The characteristics of TiO₂, the most popular photocatalyst, is briefly described and selected studies on the degradation/conversion of various recalcitrant pollutants using pure and modified TiO₂ photocatalysts, which were carried out in this group, are reviewed. Photocatalytic reactions are multi-phasic and take place at interfaces of not only water/TiO₂ and air/TiO₂ but also solid/TiO₂. Examples of photocatalytic reactions of various organic and inorganic substrates that are converted through the photocatalytic oxidation or reduction are introduced. TiO₂ has been modified in various ways to improve its photocatalytic activity. Surface modifications of TiO₂ that include surface platinization, surface fluorination, and surface charge alteration are discussed and their applications to pollutants degradation are also described in detail.     

Piezocatalytic Techniques in Environmental Remediation

As a consequence of rapid industrialization throughout the world, various environmental pollutants have begun to accumulate in water, air, and soil. This endangers the ecological environment of the earth, and environmental remediation has become an immediate priority. Among various environmental remediation techniques, piezocatalytic techniques, which uniquely take advantage of the piezoelectric effect, have attracted much attention. Piezoelectric effects allow pollutant degradation directly, while also enhancing photocatalysis by reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent developments in piezocatalytic techniques for environmental remediation. The origin of the piezoelectric effect as well as classification of piezoelectric materials and their application in environmental remediation are systematically summarized. We also analyze the potential underlying mechanisms. Finally, urgent problems and the future development of piezocatalytic techniques are discussed.     

Photocatalytic Enhancement Strategy with the Introduction of Metallic Bi: A Review on Bi/Semiconductor Photocatalysts

Semiconductor photocatalysis has great potential in the fields of solar fuel production and environmental remediation. Nevertheless, the photocatalytic efficiency still constrains its practical production applications. The development of new semiconductor materials is essential to enhance the solar energy conversion efficiency of photocatalytic systems. Recently, the research on enhancing the photocatalytic performance of semiconductors by introducing bismuth (Bi) has attracted widespread attention. In this review, we briefly overview the main synthesis methods of Bi/semiconductor photocatalysts and summarize the control of the micromorphology of Bi in Bi/semiconductors and the key role of Bi in the catalytic system. In addition, the promising applications of Bi/semiconductors in photocatalysis, such as pollutant degradation, sterilization, water separation, CO2 reduction, and N2 fixation, are outlined. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and future research directions of Bi/semiconductor photocatalysts is given. We aim to offer guidance for the rational design and synthesis of high-efficiency Bi/semiconductor photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications.     

Oxygen-vacancy-rich phenanthroline/TiO2 nanocomposites: An integrated adsorption,detection and photocatalytic material for complex pollutants remediation

To address the challenge of treating complex pollutants containing heavy metals and organic compounds,a phenanthroline/TiO₂ nanocomposite with rich oxygen vacancy defects was synthesized to integrate the functions of pollutant detection, adsorption, and photocatalytic degradation. The results showed that the nanocomposite could adsorb Cr³⁺and the process could be transduced into a colorimetric signal for qualitative and quantitative detection. The adsorbed heavy metal also ...