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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1990,10(3):187-211
In the present study a number of expressions determining the irreversible entropy generation in a rotary regenerator are presented. Adding to them formulae: (i) concerning the efficiency of a steam power plant, (ii) describing heat transfer and the pressure losses in a rotary heat exchanger, a computational model has been obtained in order to show how these irreversibilities and the efficiency of a steam power plant depend on the design parameters of a rotary regenerator. Here it was useful to assume an air cycle i-s for flue gas in a steam boiler. The numerical results are presented mainly in graph form making it possible to show the results obtained clearly and to easily draw some conclusions. By first, varying the values of the rotary regenerator matrix height, distribution factor of regenerator flow area on the hot and cold sides, total leakage factor, distribution factor of total leakage on the hot and cold ends and density of gas mass rates flowing through each side of the regenerator, the dependence of the entropy generation rates on the above parameter values is demonstrated. The direct effects of changes in values of the above parameters on a normalized energy measure or irreversibilities and the efficiency of a steam power plant are then evaluated. Having these results presented in juxtaposition, some general and practical conclusions are formulated. 相似文献
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《Superlattices and Microstructures》2000,27(5-6):473-479
Requirements for nano-electronic devices and interconnect in conventional logic circuit architecture are examined to reveal the possible device structure containing self-assembly (SA) features. For integration with lithography, we discuss the features of the SA process and then present a full process flow for a novel type of SA nano-crystal EEPROM cells. The logic functionality below the lithography limit derived from the SA dot arrays and the I–V characteristics including the Coulomb blockade effect are then presented. 相似文献
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Semiconductor optical amplifier used as regenerator for degraded differential phase-shift keying signals
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Phase and amplitude regeneration are necessary for degraded differential phase-shift keying communication systems.This paper proposes a regenerator based on semiconductor optical amplifier for differential phase-shift keying signals.The key regeneration mechanism is theoretically analysed.The effectiveness of semiconductor optical amplifier based regenerator is demonstrated by comparing the bit error rate and eye diagrams before and after regeneration for 40-Gbit/s differential phase-shift keying 1080-km transmission systems.The results show that regeneration effects are very well.Bit error rate is less than 10 12 with the regenerator. 相似文献
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Er’el Granot Shalva Ben-Ezra Haim Chayet Nir Shahar Sagie Tsadka 《Optics Communications》2006,266(1):80-87
In this paper, we present the operation of an all-optical signal regenerator (AOSR). The AOSR is based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which is incorporated in an asymmetric Sagnac loop (ASL). We show experimentally that the AOSR is capable of improving the input signal extinction ratio (ER) considerably. We present a theoretical model, which explains this improvement, and we illustrate a qualitatively similar behavior with a simulation. 相似文献
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Magnetic refrigeration devices using permanent magnets are currently limited to useful field strengths of less than 2 T, and more practically less than 1.5 T. In this range, the useful magnetocaloric effect is less than 6 K and limits the cooling power of active magnetic regenerator (AMR) devices. Maximizing the useful magnetocaloric effect is critical in enabling commercially viable permanent magnet devices, and methods of increasing the net change in magnetic field would be beneficial. It has been shown [O. Peksoy, A. Rowe, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 288 (2005) 424] that the geometry of a regenerator and the magnetic properties of the refrigerant can alter the local magnetic field, H. This is called demagnetization. A numerical model is used to study demagnetizing effects in a single-material AMR. The use of additional passive magnetic material to reduce demagnetization is examined and suggests that augmenting the effective field, H, is possible. Numerical results are validated with experiments in near room temperature using AMRs consisting of Gd and Gd0.74Tb0.26 adjacent to layers composed of 1010 carbon steel. Experimental data show an increase in the no-load temperature span for certain operating conditions and confirm the beneficial impact of using passive magnetic material to reduce demagnetization effects at low fields. 相似文献
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1前言近年来由于稀土磁性材料的发现和成功研制,使低温回热式气体制冷机的性能有了很大的提高,尤其是G-M型制冷机和脉管制冷机的效果更为明显。作者在1994年初自行设计的一台液氦温区双级ibM型制冷机上取得了3.0K的无负载制冷温度,制冷量515mw/4.ZK的好结果,重要的是这台制冷机的降温速度快,且其稳定性、复现性也较好。本文就该制冷机的设计、加工及实验结果作简要的总结,以利于直接到达液氦温区双级G—M型制冷机的设计和应用。2制冷机的设计2.1制冷机的设计参数制冷机的设计参数见表1。2.2设计原则(1)要保证第二级蓄冷器… 相似文献
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Minghua Chen Shuangmei Xu Xianglin Yang 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1997,18(4):847-857
In this paper, transmission properties of the regenerator employing a semiconductor laser amplifier loop mirror (SLALOM) are
discussed. The ability of the regenerator to suppress the additive noise in the input data train is calculated. It’s shown
that the regenerator can greatly suppress noise in communication system and improve their communication capacity by choosing
suitable semiconductor laser amplifier(SLA) and the power of injected continuous wave. 相似文献
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This research studied the effects of combined ultrasound and 3% sodium alginate (SA) coating pretreatment (US + Coat) on mass transfer kinetics, quality aspects, and cell structure of osmotic dehydrated (OD) pumpkin. The results of the pretreatment were compared with the results of control (non-pretreated osmotic dehydration) and other three pretreatment methods, which were 1) ultrasound in distilled water for 10 min (USC), 2) ultrasound in 70% (w/w) sucrose solution (US) for 10, 20 and 30 min, and 3) coating with 1%, 2%, 3% (w/w) SA. The coating pretreatments with SA resulted in a higher water loss (WL) but lower water activity and solid gain (SG) than other treatments. US pretreatments resulted in the highest effective diffusion coefficients of water (Dw) and solid (Ds) but the cell structure of the product was deformed. The 3% SA coating treatment had the highest WL/SG (5.28) but with the longest OD time (12 h). Using the US + Coat pretreatment gave satisfactory high WL/SG (5.18), Dw (1.09 × 10−10 m2s−1) and Ds (5.15 × 10−11 m2s−1), reduced the OD time to 9 h, and preserved the cell structure of the product. This research suggests that US + Coat pretreatment can be an effective processing step in the production of OD pumpkin. 相似文献
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S.L. Bhattar 《Journal of luminescence》2010,130(3):355-359
The interaction between salicylic acid (SA) and riboflavin (RF) was studied by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) in micellar solution. The riboflavin strongly quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of SA by radiative energy transfer. The extent of energy transfer in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micellar solution of different concentration is quantified from the energy transfer efficiency data. It is seen that the energy transfer is more efficient in the micellar solution. The critical energy transfer distance (R0) was determined from which the mean distance between SA and RF molecules was calculated. The quenching was found to fit into Stern-Volmer relation. The results on variation of Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) with quencher concentration obtained at different temperatures suggested the formation of complex between SA and RF. The association constant of complex formation was estimated and found to decrease with temperature. The values of thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔG and ΔS at different temperatures were estimated and the results indicated that the molecular interaction between SA and RF is electrostatic in nature. 相似文献
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Quan-De Wang Ya-Mei Fang Fan Wang Xiang-Yuan Li 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2013,34(1):187-195
Currently, most detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms for combustion are still not comprehensive enough and update of key reaction rate is still required to improve the combustion mechanisms. The development of systematic mechanism reduction methods have made significant progress, and have greatly facilitated analysis of the reaction mechanisms and identification of important species and key reactions. In the present work, time-integrated element flux analysis is employed to analyze a skeletal combustion mechanism of a tri-component kerosene surrogate mixture, consisting of n-decane, n-propylcyclohexane, and n-propylbenzene. The results of element flux analysis indicate that major reaction pathways for each component in the surrogate model are captured by the skeletal mechanism compared with the detailed mechanism. After that, sensitivity analysis (SA) and chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) are conducted to identify the dominant ignition chemistry. The SA and CEMA results demonstrate that the ignition of n-decane and n-propylcyclohexane is sensitive only to the oxidation chemistry of H2/CO and C1–C4 small hydrocarbons, while the ignition of n-propylbenzene is very sensitive to the initial reactions of n-propylbenzene and related aromatic intermediates. This demonstrates that the hierarchic structure should be maintained in the reduction of detailed mechanism of substituted aromatic fuels. The skeletal mechanism is further reduced by combining the computational singular perturbation (CSP) method and quasi steady state approximation (QSSA). A 34-species global reduced mechanism is obtained and validated over a wide range of parameters for ignition. 相似文献
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Christos Kouloumentas 《Optics Communications》2011,284(19):4340-4349
The concept of the all-fiberized multi-wavelength regenerator is analyzed, and the design methodology for operation at 40 Gb/s is presented. The specific methodology has been applied in the past for the experimental proof-of-principle of the technique, but it has never been reported in detail. The regenerator is based on a strong dispersion map that is implemented using alternating dispersion compensating fibers (DCF) and single-mode fibers (SMF), and minimizes the nonlinear interaction between the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) channels. The optimized regenerator design with + 0.86 ps/nm/km average dispersion of the nonlinear fiber section is further investigated. The specific design is capable of simultaneously processing five WDM channels with 800 GHz channel spacing and providing Q-factor improvement higher than 1 dB for each channel. The cascadeability of the regenerator is also indicated using a 6-node metropolitan network simulation model. 相似文献
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Biwa T 《Ultrasonics》2006,44(Z1):e1523-e1526
Where, how much and how efficiently the energy conversion takes place in a regenerator of a thermoacoustic engine are expressed using the axial distribution of acoustic work flow and heat flow. As a first step in determining the energy flows inside the regenerator, measuring methods of the work flow are briefly described and the experimental results in an acoustic resonator are shown. Applicability of these methods to the regenerator is discussed. 相似文献