圆柱形光声池结构及环境因素对声学本征频率的影响

以典型的圆柱形光声池为研究对象,建立光声池声学仿真有限元模型,并在此基础上,研究了光声池中谐振腔、缓冲腔、进出气孔结构参数以及温度、湿度因素对其声学本征频率的影响规律.研究结果表明:圆柱形光声池的进、出口孔对其声学本征频率影响极不敏感,设计计算中可以忽略不计,谐振腔的长度影响最为敏感,其次为谐振腔的直径.此外缓冲腔的长度与直径对其亦有一定影响,因而在准确计算时需要加以考虑.温度与湿度对光声池声学本征频率的影响均呈现正线性增长规律,温度的影响随着谐振腔长度的增大而减小,湿度的影响随着温度的升高而增大,仅计算光声池的声学本征频率时,湿度的影响在室温环境下且湿度变动较小的条件下可以忽略.     

Study of ferrobielastic twinning in quartz under conditions of uniaxial pressure by the compound acoustic resonator method

The compound acoustic resonator method is used to study the phenomenon of the ferrobielastic transition in single crystals of quartz subjected to uniaxial pressure. Toward this end, a layered structure consisting of an aluminum film/zinc oxide film/aluminum film sandwich was deposited on one of the surfaces of an X-cut plane-parallel quartz plate. This structure served as an electromechanical transducer in such a way that the entire system acted as a multifrequency acoustic resonator. Uniaxial pressure was applied perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the acoustic waves and caused a growth of the frequencies of the resonance peaks of the structures, indicating a change in the velocity of the acoustic waves. The ferrobielastic phase transition, which arises at some threshold pressure (the ferrobielastic switching effect), is characterized by a discontinuous drop in the frequencies of the resonance peaks. The variation of the resonator frequency both below and above the switching threshold correlates with the variation of the so-called “natural” sound velocity determined by the pressure-dependent elasticity constants of the material. The observed frequency jump of the resonance peaks is due mainly to the relatively abrupt change in the dimensions of the crystal. The results of the acoustic measurements allow reliable recording of the switching effect and a study of its properties. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 290–294 (February 1997)     

Measurements of the thermodiffusion ratio in a binary solution using an acoustic resonator

The nonlinear acoustic resonator filled with a layered solution is studied. The possibility of its application to measure liquid parameters is shown. The proposed acoustic method is based on the dependence of the speed of sound in a solution on its concentration which varies due to thermal diffusion in the beam propagation region. An analysis of the relations describing the resonator transmittance showed that, having measured the steady-state and minimum resonator transmittances, the thermodiffusion ratio in a binary solution filling the resonator can be determined.     

时均流诱导声振荡的数值计算研究

时均流诱导的声振荡可以为热声制冷提供驱动源或驱动发电机和换能器发电,为风能利用提供了新思路,是热声领域的最新研究方向之一。本文基于计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,建立了正十字型时均流激声发动机的三维数学模型,采用大涡模拟湍流模型计算。计算结果验证了时均流诱导声振荡效应,揭示出谐振管内声场分布和谐振管内部压力与开口处涡的关系,为后续的实验研究奠定了理论基础。     

Theoretical modeling and experimental realization of dynamically magnified thermoacoustic-piezoelectric energy harvesters

Conventional thermoacoustic-piezoelectric (TAP) harvesters convert thermal energy, such as solar or waste heat energy, directly into electrical energy without the need for any moving components. The input thermal energy generates a steep temperature gradient along a porous medium. At a critical threshold of the temperature gradient, self-sustained acoustic waves are developed inside an acoustic resonator. The associated pressure fluctuations impinge on a piezoelectric diaphragm, placed at the end of the resonator. In this study, the TAP harvester is coupled with an auxiliary elastic structure in the form of a simple spring–mass system to amplify the strain experienced by the piezoelectric element. The auxiliary structure is referred to as a dynamic magnifier and has been shown in different areas to significantly amplify the deflection of vibrating structures. A comprehensive model of the dynamically magnified thermoacoustic-piezoelectric (DMTAP) harvester has been developed that includes equations of motions of the system?s mechanical components, the harvested voltage, the mechanical impedance of the coupled structure at the resonator end and the equations necessary to compute the self-excited frequencies of oscillations inside the acoustic resonator. Theoretical results confirmed that significant amplification of the harvested power is feasible if the magnifier?s parameters are properly chosen. The performance characteristics of experimental prototypes of a thermoacoustic-piezoelectric resonator with and without the magnifier are examined. The obtained experimental findings are validated against the theoretical results. Dynamic magnifiers serve as a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of thermoacoustic energy harvested from waste heat by increasing the efficiency of their harvesting components.     

Improving low-frequency sound absorption of micro-perforated panel absorbers by using mechanical impedance plate combined with Helmholtz resonators

The traditional Micro-perforated plate (MPP) is a kind of clean and non-polluting absorption structure in the middle and high frequency and has been widely used in the field of noise control. However, the sound absorption performance is dissatisfied at low frequencies when the air-cavity depth is restricted. In this paper, a mechanical impedance plate (MIP) is introduced into the traditional MPP structure and a Helmholtz resonator is attached to the MIP. Mechanical impedance plate (MIP) provides a good absorption at low frequency by using mechanism of mechanical resonance and the acoustic energy is dissipated in the form of heat with viscoelastic material. Helmholtz resonator can fill in the defect of the poor absorption effect between the Micro-perforated plate (MPP) and the mechanical impedance plate (MIP). The acoustic impedance of the proposed sound absorber is investigated by using acoustic electric analogy method and impedance transfer method. The influence of the tube’s length of Helmholtz resonator and the number of Helmholtz resonator on the sound absorption is studied. The corresponding results are in agreement with the theoretical calculation and prove that the composite structure has the characteristics of improving the low frequency sound absorption property.     

On optimal design of half-wave resonators for acoustic damping in an enclosure

Acoustic design parameters of a half-wave resonator are studied experimentally for purely acoustic tuning of the resonator. According to the standard acoustic-test procedures, acoustic-pressure signals in the model enclosure with the resonators are measured. Based on the signals, quantitative acoustic properties of damping factor and sound absorption coefficient are evaluated and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of the resonator is characterized. Sound absorption coefficient has the advantages of the damping factor in various aspects. The coefficient indicates clearly the tuning frequency of the resonator, absorption effectiveness as a function of frequency, and overall damping capacity. The diameter and the number of a half-wave resonator, its distribution, and the blockage ratio at its inlet are selected as design parameters for optimal tuning of the resonator in the model enclosure. The resonators with larger diameter have the advantage of those with smaller one with respect to purely acoustic damping at the tuning frequency. The optimum number of resonators or the optimum open-area ratio decreases as boundary absorption decreases. When the open-area ratio exceeds the optimum value, over-damping appears, leading to a decrease in peak absorption coefficient and a broadening of absorption bandwidth. Blockage at the resonator inlet controls both peak absorption coefficient and its absorption bandwidth and it can be considered one of design factors for acoustic tuning.     

The impact of the neck material on the sound absorption performance of Helmholtz resonators

Helmholtz resonators with sound absorption materials filling the neck may have an improved sound absorption capacity. In this work, parallel perforated ceramics with different perforation diameters were installed into the neck of a Helmholtz resonator to improve its acoustic impedance to simultaneously achieve a better acoustic absorption coefficient and a wider absorption bandwidth. An experimental system was built to investigate the effect of the perforation diameters on the sound absorption performance of the resonator. It is found that nonlinear effects near the resonance frequency affect the resonator?s neck mouth impedance and further its sound absorption performance significantly. For frequency range 50–500 Hz, a model of the neck mouth impedance is developed based on a revised Forchheimer relationship. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical model.     

Acoustic flow in the resonator throat: Experiment and computational modeling

This paper is devoted to the study of acoustic flow in the Helmholtz resonator throat. The presented results of a complex investigation on the basis of data of a physical experiment and a mathematical modeling, their comparative analysis, and comparison with theoretical estimations provide a rather complete image of the acoustic flow formation and, in particular, enable one to obtain qualitative and quantitative dependences of the averaged velocity component in the resonator throat at different powers of an exciting sound wave.     

水下圆柱形Helmholtz共振器的声学特性分析

理论分析了水下圆柱形Helmholtz共振器的声学特性. 综合考虑壁面弹性和辐射阻抗的影响,基于电-声类比的基本原理,建立了较为完善的水下圆柱形Helmholtz共振器的低频集中参量模型. 利用电路分析的基本方法,得到了系统的输入阻抗和声压传递函数表达式. 仿真分析了主要结构参数对共振器声学特性的影响,得出了一些有意义的结论. 在充水驻波罐中对自制的Helmholtz共振器进行了测量,并对实验结果进行了详细地误差分析. 去除压电水听器对测量结果的影响后,实验与仿真结果基本一致,从而验证了理论分析的正确性. 关键词： Helmholtz共振器 共振频率 传递函数 辐射阻抗     

Equivalent circuit of a composite acoustic resonator for microwave radioelectronic devices

On the basis of analyzing the expression for the input electric impedance of a composite microwave acoustic resonator, its equivalent electric circuit is constructed. It is shown that, for high-order harmonics, the difference between the antiresonance and resonance frequencies is determined not only by the electromechanical coupling coefficient, but also by the loss in the structure. The conditions under which this difference corresponds to the bandwidth of the equivalent parallel electric oscillatory circuit are formulated. Expressions for the resonance and antiresonance frequencies are derived. The procedures of determining the Q factor and the electromechanical coupling coefficient from the measured resonance and antiresonance frequencies of the structure are justified.     

Interaction between moving bubbles and an acoustic field: Controlling flows and nonlinear acoustic vision

Results from studying the interaction between gas bubbles and the field of a flow-through acoustic resonator, and the Raman scattering of acoustic waves by moving bubbles, are presented. The structure of the distribution of bubble concentration in the resonator is studied. It is shown that nonlinear scattering by moving bubbles can be used to image bubble objects.     

Helmholtz水声换能器弹性壁液腔谐振频率研究

针对传统Helmholtz水声换能器设计中刚性壁假设的局限性,将Helmholtz腔体的弹性计入到液腔谐振频率计算中,实现低频弹性Helmholtz水声换能器液腔谐振频率精确设计.基于细长圆柱壳腔体的低频集中参数模型,导出了腔体弹性引入的附加声阻抗表达式,得到了弹性壁条件下Helmholtz水声换能器等效电路图,给出了考虑了末端修正的弹性壁Helmholtz共振腔液腔谐振频率计算公式.利用ANSYS软件建立了算例模型,仿真分析了不同材质、半径、长度时的Helmholtz共振腔液腔谐振频率.结果对比表明弹性理论值与仿真值符合得很好,相比起传统的刚性壁理论计算结果,本文的弹性壁理论得出的液腔谐振频率值有所降低,与真实情况更加接近.本文的结论可以为精确设计低频弹性Helmholtz水声换能器提供理论支持.     

Acoustic wave diffraction in reflective groove structures

A reflective groove structure is a component part of an acoustic surface wave resonator. The diffraction effects in this structure are the subject of this paper. Reflective groove structures are characterized by a concentration of acoustic wave energy, and losses due to diffraction are small.     

基于微光学结构的空芯光子带隙光纤环形谐振腔研究

光纤环形谐振腔是构成谐振式光纤陀螺的核心部件。提出了一种基于微光学结构的空芯光子带隙光纤环形谐振腔。建立了这种谐振腔的归一化传递函数模型,并且仿真分析了微光学结构参数与谐振腔特性和陀螺的极限灵敏度的关系。研制出基于微光学结构的空芯光子带隙光纤谐振腔的实验样品,完成了样品性能测试,在此基础上提出了下一步优化方案。研究结果为未来进一步研究基于微光学结构的谐振式空芯光子带隙光纤陀螺提供了理论和实验依据。     

Noise control in enclosures: modeling and experiments with T-shaped acoustic resonators

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of noise control in enclosures using a T-shaped acoustic resonator array. A general model with multiple resonators is developed to predict the acoustic performance of small resonators placed in an acoustic enclosure. Analytical solutions for the sound pressure inside the enclosure and the volume velocity source strength out of the resonator aperture are derived when a single resonator is installed, which provides insight into the physics of acoustic interaction between the enclosure and the resonator. Based on the understanding of the coupling between the individual resonators and enclosure modes, both targeted and nontargeted, a sequential design methodology is proposed for noise control in the enclosure using an array of acoustic resonators. Design examples are given to illustrate the control performance at a specific or at several resonance peaks within a frequency band of interest. Experiments are conducted to systematically validate the theory and the design method. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental results shows that, with the help of the presented theory and design methodology, either single or multiple resonance peaks of the enclosure can be successfully controlled using an optimally located acoustic resonator array.     

双声源驱动热声系统声场调制研究

本文在回热器边界声场调制理论的基础上,考虑了两端换热器和谐振管变径的影响,推导出热声系统(谐振管和回热器)内声场与双声源复声压相关的声场调制关系式。理论和实验分析了双声源复声压对谐振管中的行波比率以及回热器中的声阻抗的调制,并给出通过复声压调制后的系统内声场分布图。对比结果表明该声场调制关系式的适用性,通过双声源复声压的调节,能调制出谐振管及回热器所期望的工作声场。     

Numerical and experimental analysis of the parameters of an electroacoustic thin-film microwave resonator

The results of numerical and experimental analysis of the parameters of a single-frequency microwave thin-film electroacoustic resonator based on an (0001)AlN piezofilm with an acoustic reflector operating at a frequency of 10 GHz are presented. The effect of the reflector design on the resonator characteristics is considered. Using the modified Butterworth-Van Dyke model, it was shown that the ohmic resistance of electrodes and entrance paths substantially decreases the Q-factor at the resonance frequency of series and the acoustic losses in the resonator deteriorate the Q-factor at the parallel resonance frequency.     

Suppression of Helmholtz resonance using inside acoustic liner

When a Helmholtz resonator is exposed to grazing flow, an unstable shear layer at the opening can cause the occurrence of acoustic resonance under appropriate conditions. In this paper, in order to suppress the flow-induced resonance, the effects of inside acoustic liners placed on the side wall or the bottom of a Helmholtz resonator are investigated. Based on the one-dimensional sound propagation theory, the time domain impedance model of a Helmholtz resonator with inside acoustic liner is derived, and then combined with a discrete vortex model the resonant behavior of the resonator under grazing flow is simulated. Besides, an experiment is conducted to validate the present model, showing significant reduction of the peak sound pressure level achieved by the use of the side-wall liners. And the simulation results match reasonably well with the experimental data. The present results reveal that the inside acoustic liner can not only absorb the resonant sound pressure, but also suppress the fluctuation motion of the shear layer over the opening of the resonator. In all, the impact of the acoustic liners is to dampen the instability of the flow-acoustic coupled system. This demonstrates that it is a convenient and effective method for suppressing Helmholtz resonance by using inside acoustic liner.