131I标记多肽YP13聚乙二醇修饰物及其生物分布

利用噬菌体展示技术, 对荷人结肠癌CL-187裸鼠进行体内筛选, 获得在肿瘤组织中富集的一条十二肽SVSVGMLPSHAP. 为了标记131I, 在N端连接酪氨酸合成了十三肽YP13(YSVSVGMLPSHAP). 另外, 利用单甲基化聚乙二醇(mPEG5000)对YP13进行化学修饰. RP-HPLC分离纯化YP13、mPEG-YP13和对照随机十三肽YR13(YEDIKPKTSLAFR) 131I标记产物, 放化纯度大于95%. RP-HPLC分析131I-YP13和131I-mPEG-YP13体内循环60 min后的血清, 结果显示, 131I-mPEG-YP13体内稳定性优于131I-YP13. 这三种标记物在荷人结肠癌CL-187裸鼠体内的分布表明, 131I-YP13和131I-mPEG-YP13在1和2 h时的肿瘤摄取远远高于对照肽131I-YR13, 二者的瘤血比随时间的延长而升高. 131I-mPEG-YP13在肿瘤中的摄取随着时间的延长有所改善. 因此, 放射性碘标记的多肽YP13及其聚乙二醇修饰物可能成为新型结肠癌显像剂.     

小肽的合成及其作为双功能螯合剂在诊断用放射性药物中的应用

采用液相合成方法,以很高的纯度和较高的收率合成了3个新的4肽化合物MAG3-Phe-OH,MAG3-Leu-OH和MAG3-Tyr-OH。它们在温和的条件下很容易用99mTc进行标记,并在体内外显示了很高的稳定性。标记物的兔子显象显示新的标记物与99mTc MAG3有不同的代谢途径,有可能对癌细胞有较好的亲合作用而用于肿瘤显像。     

利用噬菌体展示技术筛选放射性标记肺癌靶肽YC11及其生物分布

利用体内噬菌体展示技术筛选了肿瘤特异性结合靶肽, 获得了肺腺癌靶肽CSIHYPLSC(YC11)并对其进行了放射性碘标记. 采用反相高效液相色谱技术(RP-HPLC)分离纯化¹³¹I-YC11和对照肽¹³¹I-NGR, 放化纯度大于99%. 在荷人肺腺癌A549裸鼠体内的分布结果表明, ¹³¹I-YC11的肿瘤/血液放射性计数比为0.62, 肿瘤/心脏放射性计数比为2.06, 肿瘤/肺放射性计数比为1.11, 肿瘤/肝脏放射性计数比为0.81, 略高于¹³¹I-NGR的对应值. ¹³¹I-YC11在肿瘤中的摄取值为2.79%ID/g, 与¹³¹I-NGR在肿瘤中的摄取值(1.61%ID/g)相比, ¹³¹I-YC11的肿瘤摄取高于多肽¹³¹I-NGR.     

新型核素~(64)Cu标记D-脱氧葡萄糖及其小动物正电子发射断层扫描显像

为拓展脱氧葡萄糖(DG)在肿瘤代谢显像中的应用,以新型核素64Cu标记葡萄糖胺-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸(DOTA-DG).通过优化反应条件,于25℃反应30 min后得到高放化纯度和高比活度的标记化合物64Cu-DOTA-DG,标记产物经放射性高效液相色谱(Radio-HPLC)检测.体外稳定性实验结果表明,64Cu-DOTA-DG有良好的稳定性.将64Cu-DOTA-DG通过尾静脉注射入荷瘤肝癌细胞(Hep-G2)裸鼠体内,分别于注射后1和3 h进行小动物正电子发射断层扫描(Micro-PET)显像.结果表明,其在肿瘤部位有所富集.64Cu-DOTA-DG的合成及分子显像研究拓宽了以18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖为代表的肿瘤代谢类显像剂的应用范围,为新型核素标记肿瘤代谢显像剂提供一种新途径.     

两种新型99mTcN核标记的甲硝唑类乏氧显像剂的制备及生物性能评价

为研制新的肿瘤乏氧显像剂, 设计合成了2-(2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑基)乙基氨荒酸钾(MNIE-DTC)和4-(2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑基)丁基氨荒酸钾(MNIB-DTC)两种氨荒酸盐配体, 并制得了相应的99mTcN核配合物99mTcN(MNIE-DTC)2和99mTcN(MNIB-DTC)2. 所获得的两种99mTcN核配合物均为电中性, 具有较高的体外稳定性. 在荷乳腺癌的TA-2小鼠体内分布实验结果显示, 两种配合物均具有一定的肿瘤摄取, 给药1 h后, 99mTcN(MNIE-DTC)2和99mTcN(MNIB-DTC)2的肿瘤摄取率分别为(0.50±0.01)%ID/g和(0.64±0.10)%ID/g. 注入肼苯哒嗪后, 两种配合物的肿瘤摄取明显增高, 表明这两种配合物都具有对乏氧肿瘤的选择性.     

诊疗一体化探针~(64)Cu-DOTA-TATE的制备、质量控制及分子影像

采用放射性核素~(64)Cu标记生长抑素类似物DOTA-3-酪氨酰基-奥曲肽(DOTA-TATE),制备了生长抑素受体显像分子探针~(64)Cu-DOTA-TATE;分别测试了其在5%(体积分数)的人血清白蛋白(HSA)和0.9%(体积分数)生理盐水中的稳定性.将~(64)Cu-DOTA-TATE经尾静脉注射入荷胰腺癌细胞裸鼠体内,并分别于注射后1,4和10 h进行小动物正电子发射断层(Micro-PET)显像.结果表明,经固相萃取小柱(Sep-Pak)分离纯化后,~(64)Cu-DOTA-TATE的放射化学纯度99%,且40 h内在5%HSA和0.9%生理盐水中有良好的稳定性.Micro-PET显像结果表明,随着时间延长,肿瘤区域对~(64)Cu-DOTA-TATE放射性摄取增加.~(64)Cu-DOTA-TATE有望成为较好的生长抑素类似物的PET显像剂.     

新型核素~(64)Cu标记硝基咪唑类肿瘤乏氧显像剂及正电子发射断层扫描显像研究

采用新型核素64Cu标记了含丙烯胺肟[Pn AO(3,3,9,9-Tetramethyl-4,8-diazaundecane-2,10-dione Dioxime)]结构的硝基咪唑类乏氧显像剂Pn AO-1-(2-nitroimidazole)[BMS181321],通过优化反应条件,于室温下反应10 min后即得到高放化纯度和高比活度的标记化合物64Cu-BMS181321.目标产物经放射性高效液相色谱检测验证和体外稳定性实验确认后,通过尾静脉注射到人源胰腺癌(PANC-1细胞系)裸鼠体内,分别于注射显像剂4和8 h后进行小动物正电子发射断层扫描显像(Micro-PET).结果表明,4 h左右肿瘤乏氧区域有良好的放射性浓聚.64Cu-BMS181321的合成及其分子显像研究开创了64Cu标记硝基咪唑类乏氧显像剂进行乏氧显像的先例,经进一步药物临床实验评价后,64Cu-BMS181321有望成为具有良好前景的PET乏氧显像药物.     

~(99m)Tc标记蝶呤-赖氨酸衍生物的制备及生物性能评价

基于蝶呤-赖氨酸分子结构,设计合成了2种~(99m)Tc标记配合物~(99m)Tc(HYNIC-penta-lys-Pteroyl)-(Tricine/TPPTS)和~(99m)Tc(HYNIC-Gly-Gly-lys-Pteroyl)(Tricine/TPPTS),并对其生物性能进行了初步评价.研究结果表明,2种配合物在叶酸受体高表达的人口腔表皮样癌(KB)细胞中均有很高的摄取和滞留.给药1 h后,~(99m)Tc(HYNIC-penta-lys-Pteroyl)(Tricine/TPPTS)和~(99m)Tc(HYNIC-Gly-Gly-lys-Pteroyl)(Tricine/TPPTS)在荷KB肿瘤裸鼠体内的肿瘤摄取率分别为(8.55±2.78)%ID/g和(9.77±1.54)%ID/g.荷KB肿瘤裸鼠的小动物SPECT/CT显像研究结果表明,上述2种标记配合物在给药2 h后,其肿瘤部位均清晰可见,有望作为新型的叶酸受体靶向肿瘤分子探针.     

一种新的潜在心肌显像剂[99mTc(CO)3(TBI)3]+的制备及其生物分布研究

以[99mTcO4]-为起始物,在0.1MPa下制备了中间体[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)1]+,通过配体交换反应,叔丁基异腈(TBI)配体取代该配合物中的3个水分子,制得一种标记率大于90%的[99mTc(CO)1(TBI)1]+配合物.该配合物在室温下放置6h以上,标记率无明显变化.在正常昆明小鼠体内的生物分布实验结果表明,[99mTc(CO)3(TBI)3]+具有较高的心肌摄取,且滞留也相当好,在静脉注射5min和60min后时的心肌摄取值分别为(19.07±0.81)%(ID/g)和(18.24±2.41)%(ID/g).该配合物的非靶本底摄取较低,注射60min后的心/肝、心/肺和心/血摄取比值分别为1.02,5.83和23.69,有望发展为一种新的心肌显像剂.     

99mTcN核标记的新型心肌灌注显像剂的研究

通过配体交换反应制备了[99mTcN(PNP5)(DEDC)]+和[99mTcN(PNP5)(DPODC)]+两种新配合物, 其放化纯度均大于90%. 生物性能研究结果表明: 两种配合物在小鼠心肌中的初始摄取高, 肝、肺等非靶组织清除快, 靶/非靶比高, 有利于早期心肌显像. 其中, [99mTcN(PNP5)(DEDC)]+在小鼠中的性质较优, 且其在狗体内的性质接近99mTc-tetrofosmin, 有望成为一种新型心肌灌注显像剂.     

Design and synthesis of a bimodal target-specific contrast agent for angiogenesis

[structure: see text] A bimodal target-specific contrast agent based on a cyclic peptide containing the target-specific NGR sequence, gadolinium(III) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd(III)DTPA), and Oregon Green 488 (OG488) suitable for both MR imaging and optical imaging of angiogenesis is developed. The synthetic strategy for this target-specific contrast agent exploits the use of highly efficient, chemoselective reactions, such as native chemical ligation, and gives a straightforward approach for double labeling of peptides in general.     

Streamlined in vivo selection and screening of human prostate carcinoma avid phage particles for development of peptide based in vivo tumor imaging agents

Bacteriophage (phage) display has been exploited for the purpose of discovering new cancer specific targeting peptides. However, this approach has resulted in only a small number of tumor targeting peptides useful as in vivo imaging agents. We hypothesize that in vivo screening for tumor uptake of fluorescently tagged phage particles displaying multiple copies of an in vivo selected tumor targeting peptide will expedite the development of peptide based imaging agents. In this study, both in vivo selection and in vivo screening of phage displaying foreign peptides were utilized to best predict peptides with the pharmacokinetic properties necessary for translation into efficacious in vivo imaging agents. An in vivo selection of phage display libraries was performed in SCID mice bearing human PC-3 prostate carcinoma tumors. Eight randomly selected phage clones and four control phage clones were fluorescently labeled with AlexaFluor 680 for subsequent in vivo screening and analyses. The corresponding peptides of six of these phage clones were tested as 111In-labeled peptide conjugates for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of PC-3 prostate carcinomas. Two peptide sequences, G1 and H5, were successful as in vivo imaging agents. The affinities of G1 and H5 peptides for cultured PC-3 cells were then analyzed via cell flow cytometry resulting in Kd values of 1.8 μM and 2.2 μM, respectively. The peptides bound preferentially to prostate tumor cell lines compared to that of other carcinoma and normal cell lines, and H5 appeared to possess cytotoxic properties. This study demonstrates the value of in vivo screening of fluorescently labeled phage for the prediction of the efficacy of the corresponding 111In-labeled synthetic peptide as an in vivo SPECT tumor imaging agent.     

Tc标记的叶酸肿瘤显像剂

叶酸受体在许多源于上皮组织的恶性肿瘤中高度表达,是目前肿瘤放射性显像研究的一个新的靶点。由于叶酸对于叶酸受体具有很高的亲和性,作为重要的特异性靶向介导分子,^99mTc标记叶酸肿瘤显像剂已成为当前放射性药物的研究热点之一。本文对不同类型的^99mTc标记的叶酸类放射性肿瘤显像剂的研究进展、应用情况和存在的问题进行了评述,探讨了^99mTc标记叶酸显像剂的一般设计方法,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Quantification of <Superscript>241</Superscript>Pu in aerosols released from nuclear power plants

Two peptide ligands conjugated adenine, [9-N-(tritylmercapto acetyl diglycyl aminoethyl) adenine, Tr-MAG₂-Ade] and [9-N-(tritylmercapto acetyl triglycyl aminoethyl) adenine, Tr-MAG₃-Ade], are synthesized and labeled with ^99mTc by directly labeling method. The stability of ^99mTc-MAG₂-adenine and ^99mTc-MAG₃-adenine in vitro is measured. The uptake radios of tumor to muscle at 3h post-injection are 5.70 and 4.92, respectively. The biodistribution and scintigraphic imaging studies show that the two complexes have high localization in tumor and high contrasted tumor images can be obtained, which suggest their potential utility as tumor imaging agents. But the high radioactivity of abdomen could prevent the tumor imaging in this area.     

Preparation and SPECT imaging of the novel Anxa 1-targeted probe 99mTc-p-SCN-Bn-DTPA-GGGRDN-IF7

Annexin 1 (Anxa1) is a highly specific surface marker of tumor vasculature in several solid tumors. The IF7 peptide was modified with a hydrophic linkers,GGGRDN, and introduced into a new bifunctional chelating agent p-SCN-Bn-DTPA. The resulting peptides (p-SCN-Bn-DTPA-GGGRDN-IF7) was successfuly labeled with ^99mTc. The targeting characteristics to Anxa1 of the radiolabeled peptide were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo study is on U87 tumor models. SPECT imaging revealed that the U87 tumors were clearly visualized (3.64 ± 0.44%ID/g at 2 h p.i.). ^99mTc-p-SCN-Bn-DTPA-GGGRDN-IF7 (Tc-RIF7) might be a potential target probe for detecting Anxa1 levels in cancers due to the favorable characterizations such as convenient synthesis, specific Anxa1 targeting and moderate tumor uptakes.

     

Biodistribution and imaging of <Superscript>99m</Superscript>Tc-MAVGG-adenine in tumor bearing mice

To increase the tumor uptake of Val-Gly-Gly (VGG), adenine was introduced into the peptide. N-mercaptoacetyl-VGG-adenine (MAVGG-adenine) and MAVGG were labeled with ^99mTc using a solution of SnCl₂ and tartaric acid as reducing agent. Biodistribution in mice bearing the S180 tumor was measured and γ imaging was performed. Compared with MAVGG, adenine conjugated MAVGG had higher tumor uptake and tumor to normal tissue ratios, which suggested that the tumor uptake property of a peptide may be improved by introducing a nucleotide base. The high contrasted tumor images of ^99mTc-MAVGG-adenine also suggested its potential utility as tumor imaging agent.     

A picomole-scale method for rapid peptide sequencing through convenient and efficient N-terminal phosphorylation and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Free or resin-bound peptides were phosphorylated at their N-termini by reacting with dimethyl phosphite in the presence of tetrachloromethane and triethylamine, and some of them were labeled using partial deuterium-labeled dimethyl phosphites (molar ratio of m + 6 and m = 1:1 or m + 6, m + 3 and m = 1:2:1) as the phosphorylating agents. The monophosphorylation of the lysine-containing peptides selectively occurred on the amino group of the N-terminus, not the side-chain of lysine residue. The resin-bound phosphoramidate peptides were cleaved by TFA before ESI-MS. The modified peptides were determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, the protonated molecules of the unlabeled phosphoramidate peptides showed the singlet peaks, and those of the labeled phosphoramidate peptides displayed the doublet and/or triplet peaks. Tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) of the chosen protonated molecules gave sequential loss of the amino acid residues from the C-termini of the peptides, providing a convenient and rapid method for peptide sequencing.     

N,N-二[二(3-甲氧基丙基)膦基乙基]-2-乙氧基乙胺盐酸盐的合成

以2-乙氧基乙胺和3-氯-1-丙醇等为起始原料, 经7步反应, 制备了N,N-二[二(3-甲氧基丙基)膦基乙基]-2-乙氧基乙胺(PNP5)盐酸盐, 其中关键步骤是后两步. PNP5盐酸盐的结构和组成通过IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ³¹P NMR, MS和元素分析等方法确认.     

Evaluation of a new radiolabeled bombesin derivative with 99mTc as potential targeted tumor imaging agent

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors are over-expressed in various human tumor including breast and prostate which can be targeted with bombesin for diagnosis and targeted therapy. High abdominal accumulation and the poor in vivo stability of radiolabeled bombesin analogues may represent a limitation for diagnostic imaging and targeted therapy. In this study a new bombesin derivative was labeled with ^99mTc via HYNIC and tricine as a coligand and investigated further. The peptide HYNIC conjugate was synthesized on a solid phase using Fmoc strategy. Labeling with ^99mTc was performed at 100 °C for 10 min and radiochemical analysis involved ITLC and HPLC methods. The stability of radiopeptide was checked in the presence of human serum at 37 °C up to 24 h. Internalization was studied with the human GRP receptor cell line PC-3. The Biodistribution was studied in mice. Labeling yield of >98 % was obtained to correspond a specific activity of ~80.9 GBq/μmol. Radioconjugate internalization into PC-3 cells was high and specific (15.6 ± 1.9 % at 4 h). A high and specific uptake in GRP-receptor-positive organs such as mouse tumor and pancreas (2.11 ± 0.18 and 1.78 ± 0.09 % ID/g after 1 h respectively) was also determined.