淹没水射流流场的DES模拟与实验研究

为了深入分析淹没水射流流动特征,综合采用数值模拟和流场测量进行研究。数值模拟应用基于S-A模型的DES方法,并通过圆柱绕流验证数值方法的有效性;流场测量采用粒子图像测速技术。研究表明:采用的数值模拟方案可以准确预测圆柱的升力系数、阻力系数和尾流中旋涡脱落的斯特劳哈数;模拟和实验获得的射流速度沿轴向和径向的衰减规律吻合;模拟获得的射流半值宽度线的斜率小于实验结果,主要是由于对剪切层厚度的预测不足所致;在垂直于射流束横截面上,涡量呈现双峰分布;射流的涡量随着射流发展呈总体衰减趋势。     

圆柱和直桨叶突然启动瞬态流动的数值研究

采用基于动网格方法的有限体积法对圆柱和直桨叶突然启动引起的二维非定常不可压粘性流进行了数值模拟,给出了计算方法.通过计算得到了Re=5000和9500时圆柱突然启动后的流场随时间演化的非定常过程.将计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好;采用大涡模拟对高雷诺数下的直桨叶突然旋转启动的流场进行了计算,得到了完成启动后叶片内部瞬态流场的分布结果.     

点火内爆靶辐射驱动不对称性全过程数值模拟

为满足分层掺杂点火内爆靶辐射驱动不对称性全过程物理分析的需求,在激光聚变二维总体程序LARED集成上发展了辐射输运建模下的多介质ALE方法-RTALE(Radiative Transfer Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian)。为提高多介质ALE方法的健壮性,发展了驰豫网格重构算法,该重构算法生成的新网格能自适应流场的变化。数值模拟了激波与气柱相互作用的RM不稳定性实验,模拟的气泡变形程度与试验结果基本一致,其中驰豫网格重构算法中的驰豫因子能够很好地反映流场密度梯度。基于辐射多群输运建模的LARED集成程序能够完整模拟辐射驱动不对称性条件下掺杂点火靶二维内爆过程,克服了传统ALE方法计算不下去和算不好的困难,界面变形程度也符合物理分析。     

二维GEL耦合方法的研究及对爆炸容器的数值模拟

 将以Euler方法为基础的MF PPM（Piecewise-Parabolic Method）程序和以Lagrange方法为基础的DEFEL（2-D Finite Elements Code,二维流体弹塑性动力有限元）程序,根据压力和法向速度连续准则进行耦合,发展了基于Level Set的GEL（Ghost-Fluid Euler-Lagrange）方法。该方法在处理大变形流场与小变形结构以及复杂流动与多物体相互作用等问题具有优越性。通过二维算例的计算结果与文献比较,检验了GEL方法和耦合程序的正确性,并对球形和椭球封头的爆炸容器进行了数值模拟,通过与实验结果的比较分析,表明本研究程序可以比较好地处理内爆引起的壳体流固耦合问题。     

膜蒸馏装置热容腔流场数值模拟的可行性分析

本文运用CFD软件,采用水作为工质,在第Ⅲ代膜组件基础上,对旋转切向入流空气隙膜蒸馏热容腔内的流场进行了模拟计算,通过数值模拟结果与实验数据的比较分析,验证了针对膜组件热容腔进行理论模拟所设置的物理模型和边界条件是符合实际的,理论模拟值和实验值的误差在20%范围内,其结果较为理想.     

电磁线圈炮计算程序的收敛性与实验验证

根据电磁线圈炮中推力线圈与电枢之间的感应耦合方程和电枢动态响应方程,考虑发射过程中推力线圈和电枢的欧姆加热,开发了电磁线圈炮的计算程序,给出了程序的算法和流程。分析了程序的收敛性,认为最大时间步长和电枢最大网格均依赖于驱动脉冲波形的上升时间。通过模拟结果与单级线圈炮实验测量结果的比较,验证了程序的有效性。模拟的线圈电流波形与实验波形吻合较好,模拟的出口速度比测量速度大约6.5%。程序收敛性和有效性的验证表明该程序可用于电磁线圈炮系统的初步设计。     

轴流透平与排汽系统间流场相互作用研究

为了研究轴流透平与非轴对称排汽系统流场间的相互作用,对带有单级透平的300/600MW汽轮机排汽系统模型内流场进了模型实验,并用商用软件CFX数值计算了实验工况下带有全周叶栅通道的单级透平与排汽系统内的耦合流场.对比实验与数值模拟结果,二者吻合较好.通过对实验和数值结果分析发现,排汽系统内的非轴对称流场使透平叶栅通道内流动沿周向发生变化,扩压器内出现大的流动分离,排汽系统内总压损失增大,静压恢复系数为负.     

基于数值计算的斜流泵级性能改进

采用CFD数值模拟的方法对斜流泵级内部三维紊流流场进行计算,预测了其效率-流量、扬程-流量特性,并与实验结果进行了对比验证。根据得到的流场结果,通过斜流泵级水力尺寸改进-数值模拟分析的循环工作,在最终改进的斜流泵级预测流场中减少了泵内流场的漩涡运动,避免了出口回流的产生,削弱了叶顶间隙泄漏涡,提高了斜流泵级的效率,改进了能量特性,得到了斜流泵级改进前后流场与效率的对比。     

基于网格片的氧碘化学激光器多块并行数值模拟

为实现氧碘化学激光器(COIL)喷管流场大规模数值模拟,采用VICON程序中的基本方程与数值算法,应用JASMIN框架中的基本数据结构——网格片,以及多块结构网格拼接并行算法,发展了三维多块COIL并行模拟程序。数值实验结果展示了该并行模拟程序的正确性及可扩展性,并在2048个处理器核上模拟450万网格单元算例,加速比超过420。     

基于高精度WENO格式的平面叶栅内流大涡模拟

基于5阶WENO格式结合AUSM+-up通量分裂方法编制密度基有限差分数值计算程序,并对NACA 65平面叶栅在不可压和亚音速工况下的流动进行三维大涡模拟研究,计算所得翼型表面时均压力系数分布与文献中实验结果符合较好,使数值算法和计算程序的可用性得到验证。大涡模拟获得了叶栅流道内瞬态流场的细节特征,体现了高分辨率格式捕捉精细流动结构的能力。本文工作为针对叶轮机械复杂可压缩内流问题进行更深入的高精度LES研究奠定了基础。     

结霜工况下翅片管式蒸发器的仿真与实验研究

建立了结霜工况下蒸发器的仿真模型,利用Matlab编制了蒸发器的稳态分布参数仿真程序,包括界面程序、计算主程序及热物性计算子程序等,对蒸发器进行了仿真计算。搭建了低温冷库实验台,通过实验研究,得出了制冷剂流量与蒸发器中各参数的变化关系。将实验结果与仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明:实验数据与仿真结果数据的相对偏差较小,且变化趋势一致。     

Simulation solution for micro droplet impingementon a flat dry surface

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics approach for micro droplet impacting on a flat dry surface. A two-phase flow approach is employed using FLUENT VOF multiphase model to calculate the flow distributions upon impact. The contact line velocity is tracked to calculate the dynamic contact angle through user defined function program. The study showed that the treatment of contact line velocity is crucial for the accurate prediction of droplet impacting on poor wettability surfaces. On the other hand, it has much less influence on the simulation of droplet impacting on good wettability surfaces. Good fit between simulation results and experimental data is obtained using this model.     

北京谱仪触发判选系统的模拟

介绍了北京谱仪(BES)触发判选系统的模拟程序,并用实验数据对其正确性作了验证.运用该程序,首次用BES的蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)数据从系统角度直接给出了触发判选效率,所得结果与实验方法测定的触发效率相一致,说明触发判选系统符合BES物理取数的要求.该模拟软件可以用来完备BES的Monte Carlo程序库,并可为今后触发系统的研究提供参考数据.     

Simulation of BES Trigger

A simulation program of BES trigger is described and a comparison of its results with experimental data is presented. With this program, the efficiencies of BES trigger system for different kinds of events generated by Monte-Carlo simulation are given for the first time and they are consistent with those measured by the experimental method. It proves that this trigger simulation code is suitable for studying the performance of BES trigger system and is a Complement of BES Monte-Carlo simulation code library.     

Ar流速对多级弧放电装置中Ar等离子特性的影响

采用PLASIMO程序模拟了入口处Ar流速对多级弧放电产生的非热平衡Ar等离子体特性的影响。模拟结果发现:从入口处到出口处,沿中心轴线,压强逐渐降低,电子平均能量基本保持不变。当流速一定时,从器壁到中心轴线处,电子数密度呈增大趋势;从入口处到出口处,电子数密度呈先增大后减小的趋势;当流速分别为50,100,150和200 cm3/s时,电子数密度最大值分别为10.131021,16.311021,18.981021和26.331021 m-3;随着流速的增大,其电子数密度逐渐增大。当流速一定时,从器壁到中心轴线处,电子温度逐渐增大;从入口处到出口处,电子温度呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,并在中心轴线处距入口55～60 mm有最大值,当流速分别为50,100,150和200 cm3/s时,其最大值分别为1.299,1.234,1.157和1.132 eV;由于入口处和器壁处的电子温度都为0.517 eV,所以随着Ar流速的增大,其电子温度逐渐减小。当Ar流速一定时,从器壁到中心轴线处,离子温度逐渐增大;从入口处到出口处,离子温度呈先增大后减小的趋势,并且在中心轴线距入口20～30 mm离子温度取得最大值,当流速分别为50,100,150和200 cm3/s时,离子温度最大值分别为0.815 6,0.907 02,0.975 2和1.014 eV。随入口处流速的增大,电弧腔体内的离子温度逐渐增大。     

叶轮与叶片扩压器相干非定常流动的数值模拟

本文采用了不对粘性项作任何近似的时间倾斜算子,来处理转子和静子栅距不相等时的周期性边界条件施加时所出现的问题。对某一离心压缩机进行了非定常的数值模拟,并把其结果同实验测量数据和商用软件的结果进行了比较。结果表明两种非定常计算方法比定常计算结果更接近于实验测量值,定常的计算结果在某些测量平面上不能充足地预测出流场结构,本文所发展的时间倾斜算子的计算程序在总体上同实验测量结果吻合最好,应用其能很好地预测离心压缩机级的非定常流动。     

Experimental validation of numerical simulations for an acoustic liner in grazing flow: Self-noise and added drag

A coordinated experimental and numerical simulation effort is carried out to improve our understanding of the physics of acoustic liners in a grazing flow as well our computational aeroacoustics (CAA) method prediction capability. A numerical simulation code based on advanced CAA methods is developed. In a parallel effort, experiments are performed using the Grazing Flow Impedance Tube at the NASA Langley Research Center. In the experiment, a liner is installed in the upper wall of a rectangular flow duct with a 2 in. by 2.5 in. cross section. Spatial distribution of sound pressure levels and relative phases are measured on the wall opposite the liner in the presence of a Mach 0.3 grazing flow. The computer code is validated by comparing computed results with experimental measurements. Good agreements are found. The numerical simulation code is then used to investigate the physical properties of the acoustic liner. It is shown that an acoustic liner can produce self-noise in the presence of a grazing flow and that a feedback acoustic resonance mechanism is responsible for the generation of this liner self-noise. In addition, the same mechanism also creates additional liner drag. An estimate, based on numerical simulation data, indicates that for a resonant liner with a 10 percent open area ratio, the drag increase would be about 4 percent of the turbulent boundary layer drag over a flat wall.     

A computer simulation study of compressor tuning phenomena

Basic thermofluid processes of a positive displacement compressor are strongly dependent upon the acoustic behavior of the manifolds. The tuning process of such a compressor is fairly complex as increases in the mass flow rate may not correspond with higher energy efficiencies. In this paper a computer simulation program is described, which includes the manifold back pressure effect, developed to investigate and explain the tuning phenomena for a single or two-cylinder reciprocating compressor. A symmetric suction manifold system for a two-cylinder refrigeration compressor has been considered as the example case in this tuning study. Results for flow efficiency, energy efficiency, and pressure pulsations at the valve exit are presented in terms of the acoustic natural frequencies of the manifold system. Predicted results compare reasonably well with experimental data. Based on this study, it is possible to choose optimal manifold dimensions which will provide higher efficiencies with lower pressure pulsations.     

Protons flow in Pb+Pb collisions at 40 <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis> GeV energy

For Pb+Pb collisions at 40 A GeV energy, we calculate the side-ward and elliptic differential flow of protons in the microscopic relativistic transport simulation model. We compare our results with the recent data from the NA49 Collaboration as a function of transverse momenta, rapidity and centrality. We find that the side-ward and elliptic flow agree reasonably well with the experimental data with and without momentum-dependent potentials in the simulation model.     

基于LES-PDF方法的双旋流模型燃烧室数值模拟

文章使用基于LES-PDF方法的AECSC两相程序,对模型燃烧室GTMC进行了数值模拟,以此验证AECSC程序对燃烧室模拟的可行性和可信度,并对旋流燃烧室的流动和燃烧特性进行分析.首先,分别用商用软件Fluent 18.1和AECSC程序的LES方法对GTMC的冷态工况进行了模拟.与实验结果相比,程序计算的轴向、径向、切向速度峰值的相对误差在大多数统计点上在20%以内,3个方向速度峰值位置的相对误差基本都在10%以内.同时发现,AECSC程序的计算结果在一定程度上比Fluent的计算结果更接近实验值.文章进一步使用AECSC程序对GTMC的热态工况进行了模拟.在计算结果中,整体的时间平均温度在数值和分布上和实验结果很接近,并很好地再现了实验的"V形"火焰和内外低温回流区,但是高温区出现的位置相比实验结果有些靠前.总体来说,热态结果和实验结果比较吻合,尤其在液雾的模拟方面,计算结果和实验结果相比有着很好的一致性.这说明将LES和PDF相结合的方法在模拟湍流燃烧方面有较强的优势,可以成为未来的研究和发展方向.