(Ph_3·P)_2·PdCI_2催化的丙炔氯均聚合

用(Ph_3·P)_2·PdCl_2催化丙炔氯均聚,得到褐色或黑色产物。研究了聚合条件对聚合反应的影响。聚合产物的红外光谱分析表明它是丙炔氯的均聚物。元素分析结果显示聚合物除大部分链段为-C=C- CH_2Cl外,还有部分其它链段存在。聚合物的电导率为10~(1)S·m~(-1)。TG分析表明丙炔氯聚合物较丙炔醇易受热分解。GPC测得聚合物的数均相对分子质量为1350。     

含空间位阻侧链取代炔烃的合成及其催化聚合

设计并合成了具有较大空间位阻侧链的取代炔烃2-炔丙氧基-1,4-对苯二甲酸二甲酯单体,分别采用WCl6,WCl6-SnPh4和[Rh(nbd)Cl]2催化体系使其聚合,考察了不同催化剂对聚合的影响.采用红外光谱和核磁共振等技术对单体及聚合物结构进行了表征,并用紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究了所得聚合物的光学性能.结果表明,使用[Rh(nbd)Cl]2催化剂时得到的聚合物是高反式结构,荧光光谱中除了侧基的350 nm发射峰外,还在429 nm处存在较弱的共轭主链发射.使用WCl6-SnPh4催化体系得到的聚合物由于较高的顺式含量,主要是侧基的发射,而较大侧基位阻使主链共轭降低.尽管存在较短的间隔基,引入较大空间位阻侧基仍然迫使聚合物主链扭曲,顺式结构中侧基空间位阻的影响更大.     

CuO-Bi2O3/SiO2-MgO催化剂的制备及炔化性能

采用浸渍法、沉积-沉淀法、共沉淀法制备了CuO-Bi2O3/SiO2-MgO催化剂,利用低温N2物理吸-脱附、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、傅里叶红外(FT-IR)等技术对其进行了表征,并考察了催化剂在甲醛乙炔化合成1,4-丁炔二醇反应中的催化性能.结果表明,制备方法对催化剂中活性组分分散度及还原性能有较大影响,进而在甲醛乙炔化合成1,4-丁炔二醇反应中表现出不同的催化活性.采用共沉淀法制备的催化剂中活性物种CuO具有高的分散度与较好的还原能力,经活化后可生成数量较多的炔铜配合物活性中心,表现出最佳的炔化反应活性与丁炔二醇选择性.     

沉淀剂对含有氨侧基的聚苯撑乙炔发光性能的影响

通过单体4-[(2,5-二溴苯)乙炔基]苯胺和1,4-二乙炔基-2,5-二戊氧基苯之间的Sonogashira偶合反应合成了带有p-氨基苯乙炔基共轭侧基的聚对苯撑乙炔（(PAnPE）). 该共轭聚合物的THF溶液（(2××10-－5 mol•·L-－1）)在473和519 nm处呈现两个比较强的荧光发射峰. 通过调节在聚合物PAnPE-THF溶液中所加入三种沉淀剂（(甲醇、乙酸、稀盐酸溶液）)的体积比例, 来改变PAnPE分子链的聚集态结构, 进而研究对其发光性能的影响规律. 实验结果表明: 由于沉淀剂与聚合物PAnPE分子链之间相互作用能力与方式的不同, PAnPE两个荧光峰的发射强度因聚合物分子链聚集结构不同而呈现不同的变化规律, 这有助于实现在化学传感器中的应用.     

合成橡胶与纤维用的中间体——丁炔二醇-1,4的合成

丁炔二醇-1,4是重要的基本有机合成中间体。它可作为合成橡胶(丁二烯)、合成纤维(耐纶6,6)、塑料、溶剂、以及农药和药物的原料,同时由于它具有两个活泼的烃基和一个碳-碳三键,能进行多种反应,制成许多新品种。工业上丁炔二醇-1,4的合成是按照列普(Reppe)的方法进行的。乙炔在3—5大气压力下和甲醛水溶液借重金属的乙炔化合物如乙炔铜、乙炔汞、乙炔银等的催化作用,在100℃左右发生反应,得到丁炔二醇和少量丙炔醇。     

用稀土催化剂合成顺-1,4-聚-2,3-二甲基丁二烯

<正> 我们的工作及文献证明,稀土催化剂可使丁二烯、异戊二烯及1,3-戊二烯聚合生成顺-1,4聚合物,而对2,4-己二烯则可得到反-1,4-苏式-双全同立构聚合物(trans-1,4-threo-diisotactic polyhexadiene),为了进一步弄清稀土催化剂对不同双烯烃的催化聚合活性以及所得聚合物的结构与单体性质的关系,我们研究了2,3-二甲基丁二烯在三元催化剂Nd(naph)_3-AlEt_2Cl-Al(-Bu)_3作用下的聚合及所得聚合物的结构。     

含膦酰杂菲侧基聚乙炔的合成与热稳定性

以2-(6-氧化-6-氢-二苯基(c,e)<1,2>氧杂磷酰基)-1,4-二羟基苯(ODOPB)结构单元为中心,在两侧通过酯化反应分别引入4-乙炔基苯甲酰基和4-烷氧基苯甲酰基,并作为乙炔单体,在[Rh(nbd)Cl]2催化下,30℃聚合得到了含磷酰杂菲(DOPO)基团的聚乙炔.1H-NMR和GPC分析表明,由于DOPO存在较大π共轭结构和较强极性效应,在诱导聚乙炔主链采取高反式构型的同时,增加了分子链内相邻侧基之间的相互作用,使整个分子链趋向二维共平面结构,有利于增强分子链之间的相互作用.TGA显示,与不含磷酰杂菲侧基的模型聚乙炔相比,DOPO的引入使聚乙炔呈现良好的热稳定性,起始热分解温度(T5%)接近400℃,说明通过增强分子链内侧基间相互作用有助于提高热稳定性.     

铑催化剂的制备及其催化取代苯乙炔不对称聚合研究

以1,5-环辛二烯(cod)和2,5-降冰片二烯(nbd)为配体,合成了[Rh(cod)Cl]_2和[Rh(nbd)Cl]_2两种铑催化剂,利用红外吸收光谱、核磁共振对其进行测试表征,准确确定其结构,且[Rh(nbd)Cl]_2的收率高达79.4%。再用四种手性氨作为助催化剂和[Rh(cod)Cl]_2或[Rh(nbd)Cl]_2形成催化体系催化含十二烷基的取代苯乙炔单体(1)聚合,聚合物重均分子量最高达49.39万,按照螺旋选择聚合机理诱起了聚合物主链上的螺旋结构;此外,首次在无助催化剂的作用下,用[Rh(nbd)Cl]_2催化含有L-丙氨醚、L-缬氨醚、L-苯丙氨醚取代基的苯乙炔单体(2、3、4)进行不对称聚合,三种聚合物产率高且分子量大,通过自配位螺旋选择聚合诱起三大分子主链上的螺旋结构,所得聚合物Poly(2)、Poly(3)、Poly(4)的主链顺式构型所占百分比分别为70%、77%、77%,因此取得了比较理想的催化效果。     

带羟基炔烃单体的聚合与共聚合的研究

本文首先报导带羟基的炔烃单体以反它们与环氧化合物的的加成物在 ZnCl_2或(Ph_3P)_2·PdCl_2存在下,能有效地进行聚合和与酞腈的共聚合反应。IR、NMR、MS、DSC、元素分析和电性能测试结果表明,聚合物和共聚物的主链为共轭结构,具有半导体性质。     

极少量1,4-戊二烯对典型Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化的丙烯聚合反应及聚丙烯性质的影响

以9,9-二(甲氧基甲基)芴(BMMF)为内给电子体的MgCl2/TiCl4催化剂与三乙基铝(TEA)组成典型Ziegler-Natta催化剂体系,催化丙烯本体聚合,考察极少量1,4-戊二烯作为共聚单体对聚合反应行为的影响.结果发现,在[1,4-戊二烯]/[丙烯]共单体摩尔比非常低(0.1%)的范围内,随着1,4-戊二烯浓度增大,催化剂活性迅速降低,[1,4-戊二烯]/[丙烯]比为0.08%时仅为约初始的1/4.但由特性黏数得到的聚合物分子量对1,4-戊二烯浓度呈现不规则变化,1,4-戊二烯并未使聚合物分子量单调降低,而在极低浓度时反而使其有所提高.凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征结果不但进一步确认了聚合物分子量的变化规律,还表明1,4-戊二烯并未使聚合物链发生支化.动态剪切流变测试结果显示极少量的1,4-戊二烯使聚合物的剪切黏度上升,模量提高,松弛时间延长;聚合物的拉伸黏度在拉伸流变测试中呈现相同的规律.通过1,4-戊二烯/氢气在聚合反应中协同作用的探讨,提出了对MgCl2/TiCl4/BMMF-TEA催化的丙烯/1,4-戊二烯反常共聚合行为的解释.     

1,4-丁炔二醇与4,4′-二乙炔联苯共聚物的合成及表征研究

本文用(Ph_3P)_2PdCl_2为催化剂,合成了1,4-丁炔二醇(BD)与4,4-二乙炔联苯(DEBP)共聚物。对用不同比例的两种单体得到的共聚物测定了比重(d_4~(25)、溶胀度(θ_D)、最良溶剂及相邻两交联点之间的平均分子量(M_c)。实验表明,在两种单体摩尔比中,DEBP用量越多,共聚物中泡状微孔越多,颜色越淡,溶胀度和比重越小,交联度越大;DEBP/BD(摩尔比)大于1/5时,共聚物的最良溶剂为苯,溶度参数为9.15卡~(0.5)·cm~(-1.5),是1/10时,其最良溶剂为乙醇,溶度参数是12.7卡~0.5·cm~(-1.5)。对共聚物还做了红外光谱表征。     

SYNTHESIS OF THE COPOLYMERS OF p-DIETHYNYLBENZENE WITH OTHER ACETYLENIC DERIVATIVE S INITIATED BY (Ph_3P)_2 PdCl_2

The copolymerization of p-diethynylbenzene (PDEB) with phenylacetylene (PhA), 4, 4'-diethynylbiphenyl (DEBP)or m-diethynylbenzene (MDEB) are studied by varying mole ratios of monomers. When the mole ratios of PDEB/PhA are less or equal to 1/5, the copolymers are soluble and fusible, but the other copolymers are insoluble and infusible. The results show that the good solvent of cross-linked copolymers is benzene and their solubility parameter is 9.15 cal~(0.5).cm(-1.5). And their swellability (θ_p), Huggins parameter (χ), density (d_4~(25)) and the average molecular weights between crosslinks (c) are measured. It is found that θp and c of copolymers are greater but d_4~(25) is less than that of respective homopolymers. IR spectra show that the copolymers have transoid configuration and small number of unreacted ethynyl groups exist in the copolymers. The mechanism about the polymerization or acetylenic derivatives initiated by (Ph_3P)_2PdCl_2 is discussed.     

4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷与苯乙炔的共聚及共聚物的表征研究

本文做了4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷的本体热均聚和催化均聚,并用(Ph_3P)_2PdCl_2为催化剂做了4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷与苯乙炔的共聚,对均聚和共聚物中的不溶不熔组分测定了密度、溶胀度、Huggins参数以及交联点间的平均分子量(?)_c。实验表明,该交联聚合物的最良溶剂是四氢呋喃,溶度参数为9.9ca1~0.5。cm~(-1.5),当用四氢呋喃为溶剂时的Huggins参数为0.34,并且在单体摩尔比中4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷用量越多,溶胀度越小,交联度越大。红外光谱分析表明,所有均聚及共聚物都为反式结构。     

Synthesis and reactivity studies of palladium(II) complexes containing the N-phosphorylated iminophosphorane-phosphine ligands Ph2PCH2P{=NP(=O)(OR)2}Ph2 (R=Et, Ph): application to the catalytic synthesis of 2,3-dimethylfuran

Reactions of [PdCl2(COD)] with 1 equiv. of the iminophosphorane-phosphine ligands Ph2PCH2P{=NP(=O)(OR)2}Ph2 (R=Et, Ph) lead to the novel Pd(II) derivatives cis-[PdCl2(kappa2-(P,N)-Ph2PCH2P{=NP(=O)(OR)2}Ph2)] (R=Et, Ph). Pd-N bond cleavage readily takes place upon treatment of these species with a variety of two-electron donor ligands. By this way, complexes cis-[PdCl2(kappa1-(P)-Ph2PCH2P{=NP(=O)(OR)2}Ph2)(L)] (R=Et, L=CNtBu, CN-2,6-C6H3Me2, py, P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3; R=Ph, L=CNtBu, CN-2,6-C6H3Me2, py, P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3) have been synthesized in high yields. The addition of two equivalents of ligands to dichloromethane solutions of [PdCl2(COD)] results in the formation of complexes trans-[PdCl2(kappa1-(P)-Ph2PCH2P{=NP(=O)(OR)2}Ph2)2] (R=Et, Ph), which can be converted into the dicationic species [Pd(Ph2PCH2P{=NP(=O)(OR)2}Ph2)2][SbF6]2 (R=Et, Ph) by treatment with AgSbF6. Complex also reacts with CNtBu to afford trans-[Pd(kappa1(P)-Ph2PCH2P{=NP(=O)(OPh)2}Ph2)2(CNtBu)2][SbF6]2. The structures of and have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. In addition, the ability of these Pd(II) complexes to promote the catalytic cycloisomerization of (Z)-3-methylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ol into 2,3-dimethylfuran has also been studied.     

Synthesis of beta-P,N aminophosphines and coordination chemistry to Pd(II). X-ray structures of [PdCl2(Ph2PCH(Ph)NHPh-kappaP,kappaN)] and PdCl(eta3-C3H5)(Ph2PCH2CH(Ph)NHPh-kappaP)

The reaction of the C=N bond in PhCH=NPh with the carbanionic species Ph2PCH2-, leading to the N-phenyl beta-aminophosphine Ph2PCH2CH(Ph)NHPh, L1, is described. This molecule reacts with different organic electrophiles to afford related compounds Ph2PCH2CH(Ph)NPhX (X = SiMe3, L2; COPh, L4), [Ph2MePCH2CH(Ph)NHPh]+(I-), L3, and [Ph2PCH2CH(Ph)N(Ph)CO]2, L5, containing two amido and two phosphino functions. The coordination properties of L1, L2, and L4 have been studied in palladium chemistry. The X-ray structure of [PdCl2(Ph2PCH2CH(Ph)NHPh-kappaP,kappaN)] shows the bidentate coordination mode for the L1 ligand with equatorial C(Ph)-N(Ph) phenyl groups. [PdCl2(Ph2PCH2CH(Ph)NHPh-kappaP,kappaN)] crystallizes at 298 K in the space group P2(1)/n with cell parameters a = 10.689(2) A, b = 21.345(3) A, c = 12.282(2) A, beta = 90.294(12) degrees, Z = 4, D(calcd) = 1.526. The reaction between 2 equiv of L1 and [PdCl(eta3-C3H5)]2 affords the [PdCl(eta3-C3H5)(Ph2PCH2CH(Ph)NHPh-kappaP)] complex in which an unexpected N-H.Cl intramolecular interaction has been observed by an X-ray diffraction analysis. [PdCl(eta3-C3H5)(Ph2PCH2CH(Ph)NHPh-kappaP)] crystallizes at 298 K in the monoclinic space group Cc with cell parameters a = 10.912(1) A, b = 17.194(2) A, c = 14.169(2) A, beta = 100.651(9) degrees, Z = 4, D(calcd) = 1.435. Neutral and cationic alkyl or allyl palladium chloride complexes containing L1 are also reported as well as a neutral allyl palladium chloride complex containing L4. Variable-temperature 31P[1H] NMR studies on the allyl complexes show that the eta3/eta1 allyl interconversion is enhanced by a positive charge and also by a N-H.Cl intramolecular interaction.     

Synthesis, structure and reactivity of palladium(II) complexes of chiral N-heterocyclic carbene-imine and -amine hybrid ligands

The synthesis and structures of chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-N-donor complexes of silver(I) and palladium(II) are reported. The X-ray structure of an NHC-imine silver(I) complex [((nPr)CN(CHPh))AgBr](2) exhibits an Ag(2)Br(2) dimer motif where the imine group is not coordinated to the silver atom. Reaction between 2 and [PdCl(2)(MeCN)(2)] gives the palladium(II) complex [(kappa(2)-(nPr)CN(CHPh))PdCl(2)](3) that contains a chelating NHC-imine ligand as shown by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Slow hydrolysis of related complexes [(kappa(2)-(nPr)CN(CHPh))PdCl(2)](3) and [(kappa(2)-((Ph)(2)CH)CN(CHPh))PdCl(2)](4) using triethylammonium chloride and water lead to the precipitation of single crystals of insoluble NHC-amino palladium(II) complexes [(kappa(2)-(nPr)CN(H(2)))PdCl(2)](6) and [(kappa(2)-((Ph)(2)CH)CN(H(2)))PdCl(2)](7), respectively. In the solid state, complexes 6 and 7 both exhibit intermolecular hydrogen bonding between chlorine and an amino-hydrogen atom resulting in an infinite chain structure. Substitution of an amino hydrogen for an ethyl group gives the soluble complex [(kappa(2)-(iPr)CN((H)Et))PdCl(2)](12). Reaction between two equivalents of 2 and [PdCl(2)(MeCN)(2)] gives the di-NHC complex [(kappa(1)-(nPr)CN(CHPh))(2)PdCl(2)](5) that does not contain a coordinated imine as shown by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Conproportionation between 5 and an equivalent of [PdCl(2)(MeCN)(2)] to does not occur at temperatures up to 100 degrees C in CD(3)CN.     

Methoxycarbonylation of olefins catalyzed by palladium complexes bearing P,N-donor ligands

The methoxycarbonylation of alkenes catalyzed by palladium(II) complexes with P,N-donor ligands, 2-(diphenylphosphinoamino)pyridine (Ph2PNHpy), 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine (Ph2PCH2py), and 2-(diphenylphosphino)quinoline (Ph2Pqn) has been investigated. The results show that the complex [PdCl(PPh3)(Ph2PNHpy)]Cl or an equimolar mixture of [PdCl2(Ph2PNHpy)] and PPh3, in the presence of p-toluensulfonic acid (TsOH), is an efficient catalyst for this reaction. This catalytic system promotes the conversion of styrene into methyl 2-phenylpropanoate and methyl 3-phenylpropanoate with nearly complete chemoselectivity, 98% regioselectivity in the branched isomer, and high turnover frequency, even at alkene/Pd molar ratios of 1000. Best results were obtained in toluene-MeOH (3 : 1) solvent. The Pd/Ph2PNHpy catalyst is also efficient in the methoxycarbonylation of cyclohexene and 1-hexene, although with lower rates than with styrene. Related palladium complexes [PdCl(PPh3)L]Cl (L = Ph2PCH2py and Ph2Pqn) show lower activity in the methoxycarbonylation of styrene than that of the 2-(diphenylphosphinoamino)pyridine ligand. Replacement of the last ligand by (diphenylphosphino)phenylamine (Ph2PNHPh) or 2-(diphenylphosphinoaminomethyl)pyridine (Ph2PNMepy) also reduces significantly the activity of the catalyst, indicating that both the presence of the pyridine fragment as well as the NH group, are required to achieve a high performing catalyst. Isotopic labeling experiments using MeOD are consistent with a hydride mechanism for the [PdCl(PPh3)(Ph2PNHpy)]Cl catalyst.     

Polymerization of substituted phenylacetylenes with a novel,water‐soluble Rh–vinyl complex in water

A novel, water‐soluble Rh complex, (nbd)Rh[PPh₂(m‐NaOSO₂C₆H₄)] [C(Ph)?CPh₂] ( 1 ) was synthesized by the reaction of [(nbd)RhCl]₂, Ph₂P(m‐NaOSO₂C₆H₄) and Ph₂C?C(Ph)Li, whose structure was determined by NMR and IR spectroscopies. The Rh catalyst 1 induced the polymerization of phenylacetylene (PA) in water to give two kinds of polymers; one was soluble in organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and CHCl₃, and the other was insoluble in common organic solvents. The polymerization of sodium p‐ethynylbenzoate (p‐NaOCO‐PA) homogeneously proceeded with 1 in water at 60 °C to give the polymer in high yield. Poly(p‐NaOCO‐PA) was treated with 1 N HCl and then reacted with (CH₃)₃SiCHN₂ to obtain poly(p‐MeOCO‐PA). The methyl‐esterified polymer was insoluble in THF and CHCl₃, which suggests that the formed poly(p‐MeOCO‐PA) has cis–cisoidal structure. The polymer obtained from the polymerization of [p‐CH₃(OCH₂CH₂)₂O₂CC₆H₄]C?CH with 1 in water was soluble in methanol, ethanol, and THF, and partly soluble in water. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2100–2105, 2004     

4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷与苯乙炔的共聚及共聚物的表征研究

 本文做了4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷的本体热均聚和催化均聚,并用(Ph₃P)₂PdCl₂为催化剂做了4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷与苯乙炔的共聚,对均聚和共聚物中的不溶不熔组分测定了密度、溶胀度、Huggins参数以及交联点间的平均分子量M_c。实验表明,该交联聚合物的最良溶剂是四氢呋喃,溶度参数为9.9ca1^0.5。cm^-1.5,当用四氢呋喃为溶剂时的Huggins参数为0.34,并且在单体摩尔比中4,4′-二乙炔二苯甲烷用量越多,溶胀度越小,交联度越大。红外光谱分析表明,所有均聚及共聚物都为反式结构。     

1,4-丁炔二醇与4,4′-二乙炔联苯共聚物的合成及表征研究

 本文用(Ph₃P)₂PdCl₂为催化剂,合成了1,4-丁炔二醇(BD)与4,4-二乙炔联苯(DEBP)共聚物。对用不同比例的两种单体得到的共聚物测定了比重(d₄²⁵、溶胀度(θ_D)、最良溶剂及相邻两交联点之间的平均分子量(M_c)。实验表明,在两种单体摩尔比中,DEBP用量越多,共聚物中泡状微孔越多,颜色越淡,溶胀度和比重越小,交联度越大;DEBP/BD(摩尔比)大于1/5时,共聚物的最良溶剂为苯,溶度参数为9.15卡^0.5·cm^-1.5,是1/10时,其最良溶剂为乙醇,溶度参数是12.7卡^0.5·cm^-1.5。对共聚物还做了红外光谱表征。