变色材料及其应用

受到光、电、热等外界激发原作用后可发生颜色变化的物质称为变色物质，本文介绍了光致变色，电致变色及热致变色材料的变色原理，应用及发前景前景。     

席夫碱及其络合物的可逆热致变色材料

对具有可逆的热致变色的席夫碱及其络合物的分类、合成、变色机理以及发展前景等进行了回顾和探讨。     

光和温度刺激响应型材料

刺激响应型材料是一类在环境因素刺激下,自身的某些物理或化学性质发生相应变化的材料。刺激因素包括光、温度、pH、离子强度、电场和磁场等。本文综述了近年来光和温度刺激响应型材料的研究进展,主要从光响应型水凝胶和光致变色材料的结构类型及应用概述了光响应型材料的发展;同时从温度响应型水凝胶、热致形状记忆材料和热敏变色材料几方面介绍了温度响应型材料的研究进展及应用,并展望了光和温度刺激响应型材料在多学科领域的应用前景。     

甲基丙烯酸乙基联吡啶共聚物的电化学性能研究

本文通过先共聚、后季铵化于共聚物侧链上接入单封端联吡啶的方法,合成了三种含有不同第二共聚单体的侧链型甲基丙烯酸乙基联吡啶共聚物P(BrEMA-M_2-EV),其中M_2=AM,MMA,ST。循环伏安曲线和紫外-可见光谱的测定结果表明:活性中心的含量及不同第二共聚单体对联吡啶共聚物的电化学活性和稳定性有比较显著的影响,但不影响其光谱性质。三种联吡啶共聚物均能可逆地显示黄棕色浅紫色兰紫色的三色互变。     

新型"分子合金"类Fe(II)配合物的合成和自旋转换性能

合成了Fe[(Htrz)~9~/~4(NH~2trz)~3~/~4](BF~4)~2.H~2O(1)和Fe[(Htrz)~3~/~2(NH~2trz)](BF~4).3H~2O(2)两个"分子合金"类自旋转换配合物。其变温光谱表明,它们在室温附近具有自旋转换行为,同时还伴有热致变色及滞后现象。     

热致变色材料智能涂层

能源与环境现状迫切要求开发出具有节能特性的新一代智能建筑窗户,以有效降低建筑能源消耗。热致变色材料能够根据外界温度变化改变自身光学性质,智能地调节进入室内的太阳辐射能量,且不消耗其他能源,在建筑节能方面具有极大的应用潜力。常见的热致变色材料包括水凝胶、离子液体、钙钛矿、超材料、液晶和VO₂等。其中VO₂在相变前后透过率在近红外区域明显降低而在可见光范围内保持不变,是热致变色智能窗材料的理想选择之一。本综述概述了热致变色涂层相关材料的工作原理、构筑方法及最新研究进展。首先介绍了常见热致变色材料的结构特性和相变机制。之后以VO₂为例,阐明了智能窗涂层表面工程设计和优化方法,讨论了不同构筑手段对光学性能的影响。最后,梳理了目前热致变色智能涂层所存在的不足及面临的困难,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

聚硅烷研究进展：（Ⅱ）聚硅烷的电子结构与电子光谱特性

聚硅烷的独特性质与其电子在主链上离域有密切关系，本文就聚硅烷的电子结构及电子光谱特性的研究作一综述。     

新型"分子合金"类Fe(II)配合物的合成和自旋转换性能

合成了Fe[(Htrz)~9~/~4(NH~2trz)~3~/~4](BF~4)~2.H~2O(1)和Fe[(Htrz)~3~/~2(NH~2trz)](BF~4).3H~2O(2)两个"分子合金"类自旋转换配合物。其变温光谱表明,它们在室温附近具有自旋转换行为,同时还伴有热致变色及滞后现象。     

热致变色化合物TiO[VO(SO_4)_2(H_2O)_3]·2H_2O的合成及其性能

热致变色示温材料具有操作方便,测温范围广和不需要复杂仪器等优点,因而广泛用于宇航事业、热记录材料及传感器等。钒为我国丰产元素,钒化合物的热致变色研究报导不多。本文报导氧钒(Ⅳ)化合物作为热致变色材料的探索。     

The Effect of Pulling and Twisting Forces on Chameleon Sequence Peptides**

Chameleon sequences are amino acid sequences found in several distinct configurations in experiment. They challenge our understanding of the link between sequence and structure, and provide insight into structural competition in proteins. Here, we study the energy landscapes for three such sequences, and interrogate how pulling and twisting forces impact the available structural ensembles. Chameleon sequences do not necessarily exhibit multiple structural ensembles on a multifunnel energy landscape when we consider them in isolation. The application of even small forces leads to drastic changes in the energy landscapes. For pulling forces, we observe transitions from helical to extended structures in a very small span of forces. For twisting forces, the picture is much more complex, and highly dependent on the magnitude and handedness of the applied force as well as the reference angle for the twist. Depending on these parameters, more complex and more simplistic energy landscapes are observed alongside more and less diverse structural ensembles. The impact of even small forces is significant, confirming their likely role in folding events. In addition, small forces exerted by the remaining scaffold of a protein may be sufficient to lead to the adoption of a specific structural ensemble by a chameleon sequence.     

Phenylacetylene: A Hydrogen Bonding Chameleon

Molecules with multiple hydrogen bonding sites offer the opportunity to investigate competitive hydrogen bonding. Such an investigation can become quite interesting, particularly when the molecule of interest has neither lone‐pair electrons nor strongly acidic/basic groups. Phenylacetylene is one such molecule with three hydrogen bonding sites that cannot be ranked into any known hierarchical pattern. Herein we review the structures of several binary complexes of phenylacetylene investigated using infrared optical double‐resonance spectroscopy in combination with high‐level ab initio methods. The diversity of intermolecular structures formed by phenylacetylene with various reagents is remarkable. The nature of intermolecular interaction with various reagents is the result of a subtle balance between various configurations and competition between the electrostatic and dispersion energy terms, while trying to maximize the total interaction strength.     

不同探针分子温敏漆的制备及性能对比研究

利用氯化铕(EuCl₃)、苯甲酸(BA)、菲咯啉(Phen)和2, 2'-联吡啶(Bipy)为原料合成了Eu(BA)₃Phen和Eu(BA)₃Bipy两种配合物, 并将两种配合物分别掺入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)中, 在过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作用下引发聚合, 获得不同探针分子的两种温敏漆Eu(BA)₃Phen/PMMA和Eu(BA)₃Bipy/PMMA。利用红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱对两种探针分子及温敏漆的特性进行了表征, 分析结果表明, 探针分子Eu(BA)₃Phen的荧光强度明显强于Eu(BA)₃Bipy, 相对应的两种温敏漆Eu(BA)₃Phen/PMMA与 Eu(BA)₃Bipy/PMMA均有较好的温度猝灭特性, 但是对比分析发现在25~35 ℃和35~45 ℃温度区间内温敏漆Eu(BA)₃Phen/PMMA的灵敏度较高, 而在45~55 ℃和55~65 ℃温度区间内温敏漆Eu(BA)₃Bipy/PMMA的灵敏度较高, 可见温敏漆在不同温度区间的测温灵敏度是不同的。     

电缆护套光屏蔽自愈合涂料的制备及性能

以环糊精修饰的二氧化钛纳米粒子作为光屏蔽剂,利用环糊精与金刚烷的包合作用作为自修复作用力制备了一种具有自愈合性能的光屏蔽涂料,并研究了其光屏蔽性能和自愈合性能.研究结果表明,该涂料能够与电缆护套软质基材牢固结合,具有较好的疏水性和较低的吸湿率（在相对湿度75%的环境中放置48 h后水接触角>90°;在相对湿度54%的环境中吸湿率<2%）;该材料对紫外光具有较好的光屏蔽性能（紫外光屏蔽率>90%）,并表现出良好的自愈合性能,在遭受损伤时,裂痕能反复多次恢复,拉伸性能可恢复80%以上.     

以Eu(DBM)3Bipy为荧光探针的温敏漆的制备及性能表征

利用氯化铕（EuCl₃）、二苯甲酰甲烷（DBM）和联吡啶（Bipy）为原料合成了Eu（DBM）₃Bipy探针分子,并将探针分子掺入到甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）中,在过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）引发剂的作用下聚合,获得温敏漆Eu（DBM）₃Bipy/PMMA。采用红外光谱仪、紫外吸收光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光光谱仪对探针分子的结构、形貌、发光性能和温敏漆的温度猝灭性能进行了表征。红外及紫外吸收光谱分析发现稀土离子Eu³⁺与配体配位成键,成功合成Eu（DBM）₃Bipy探针分子;扫描电镜及能谱分析表明Eu（DBM）₃ Bipy探针分子呈碎片状,大小约为150 nm,且主要由C、N、O和Eu四种元素组成;荧光光谱表明,在367 nm激发下,Eu（DBM）₃ Bipy探针分子的最佳发射波长位于612 nm,且第二配体Bipy对Eu（DBM）₃的荧光发射具有增益作用。在不同温度下测试温敏漆的荧光发射特性,发现温敏漆Eu（DBM）₃Bipy/PMMA在40~90℃温度区间内具有良好的荧光温度猝灭特性,测温灵敏度最高的温度区间位于40~60℃。     

不同探针分子温敏漆的制备及性能对比研究

利用氯化铕(Eu Cl3)、苯甲酸(BA)、菲咯啉(Phen)和2,2′-联吡啶(Bipy)为原料合成了Eu(BA)_3Phen和Eu(BA)_3Bipy两种配合物,并将两种配合物分别掺入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)中,在过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作用下引发聚合,获得不同探针分子的两种温敏漆Eu(BA)_3Phen/PMMA和Eu(BA)_3Bipy/PMMA。利用红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱对两种探针分子及温敏漆的特性进行了表征,分析结果表明,探针分子Eu(BA)_3Phen的荧光强度明显强于Eu(BA)_3Bipy,相对应的两种温敏漆Eu(BA)_3Phen/PMMA与Eu(BA)_3Bipy/PMMA均有较好的温度猝灭特性,但是对比分析发现在25~35℃和35~45℃温度区间内温敏漆Eu(BA)_3Phen/PMMA的灵敏度较高,而在45~55℃和55~65℃温度区间内温敏漆Eu(BA)_3Bipy/PMMA的灵敏度较高,可见温敏漆在不同温度区间的测温灵敏度是不同的。     

以Eu(DBM)3Bipy为荧光探针的温敏漆的制备及性能表征

利用氯化铕(EuCl_3)、二苯甲酰甲烷(DBM)和联吡啶(Bipy)为原料合成了Eu(DBM)_3Bipy探针分子,并将探针分子掺入到甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)中,在过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)引发剂的作用下聚合,获得温敏漆Eu(DBM)_3Bipy/PMMA。采用红外光谱仪、紫外吸收光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光光谱仪对探针分子的结构、形貌、发光性能和温敏漆的温度猝灭性能进行了表征。红外及紫外吸收光谱分析发现稀土离子Eu3+与配体配位成键,成功合成Eu(DBM)_3Bipy探针分子;扫描电镜及能谱分析表明Eu(DBM)_3Bipy探针分子呈碎片状,大小约为150 nm,且主要由C、N、O和Eu四种元素组成;荧光光谱表明,在367 nm激发下,Eu(DBM)_3Bipy探针分子的最佳发射波长位于612 nm,且第二配体Bipy对Eu(DBM)_3的荧光发射具有增益作用。在不同温度下测试温敏漆的荧光发射特性,发现温敏漆Eu(DBM)_3Bipy/PMMA在40~90℃温度区间内具有良好的荧光温度猝灭特性,测温灵敏度最高的温度区间位于40~60℃。     

Effects of Volume Changes on the Thermal Performance of PCM Layers Subjected to Oscillations of the Ambient Temperature: Transient and Steady Periodic Regimes

The Stefan problem regarding the formation of several liquid–solid interfaces produced by the oscillations of the ambient temperature around the melting point of a phase change material has been addressed by several authors. Numerical and semi-analytical methods have been used to find the thermal response of a phase change material under these type of boundary conditions. However, volume changes produced by the moving fronts and their effects on the thermal performance of phase change materials have not been addressed. In this work, volume changes are incorporated through an additional equation of motion for the thickness of the system. The thickness of the phase change material becomes a dynamic variable of motion by imposing total mass conservation. The modified equation of motion for each interface is obtained by coupling mass conservation with a local energy–mass balance at each front. The dynamics of liquid–solid interface configurations is analyzed in the transient and steady periodic regimes. Finite element and heat balance integral methods are used to verify the consistency of the solutions to the proposed model. The heat balance integral method is modified and adapted to find approximate solutions when two fronts collide, and the temperature profiles are not smooth. Volumetric corrections to the sensible and latent heat released (absorbed) are introduced during front formation, annihilation, and in the presence of two fronts. Finally, the thermal energy released by the interior surface is estimated through the proposed model and compared with the solutions obtained through models proposed by other authors.     

透明硅树脂的合成及应用

本文概述了透明硅树脂的合成、结构、性能、特点以及在各行各业中的应用。