具有六方晶系结构的多晶体材料弹性常数——Y弹性常数

利用最近提出的新的物理参量——Ｙ弹性常数,将其应用于具有六方晶系结构的多晶体材料.推导了六方晶系结构的多晶体材料之Ｙ弹性常数,通过算例与具有六方晶系结构的多晶体材料之X射线弹性常数进行了比较.运用这个Ｙ弹性常数进一步推导出的多晶体材料整体之机械弹性常数的表达式与Kneer的研究结果中的表达式虽然形式不同,但针对具体材料所计算的结果却完全符合. 关键词： Y弹性常数 六方晶系 多晶体材料     

Lotus 123软件在确定立方晶系Miller指数中的应用

本文论述了应用lotus 123软件确定立方晶系Miller指数的方法.这个方法具有简单、直观、迅速、精度高等特点,而且同时也确定出晶格常数α值。对于晶系的确定也具有一定的指导意义。     

立方晶系两套晶列,晶面指数的转换

晶列和昌面的指数与坐标系的选择有关.以布喇菲晶胞基矢为坐标系时,晶面密勒指数记为(hkl)[1],立方晶系的晶列指数记为[hkl];以初基原胞基矢为坐标系时,晶面指数记为(h1h2h3),而晶列指数记为[l1l2l3][2].坐标系不同,同一晶面族的晶面指数和密勒指数一股都不相同.晶列的情况也是如此.本文仅就体心立方和面心立方点阵的两套指数的转换关系加以讨论. 体心立方和面心立方的晶胞基矢a,b,c与初基原胞基矢a1,a2和a3的习惯选取方法如图1所示.山图1不难求出两套丛矢间的转换关系. 对于体心立方点阵, 对于面心立方点阵, 倒格基矢的转换也有类似的结果,…     

流体饱和孔隙材料的Biot弹性常数的声学测量

本文研究用声学方法测量流体饱和孔隙介质的Biot4个弹性常数，4个弹性常数主要是通过测量水饱和的孔隙样品中的3种体波速度去计算的（流体压缩系数已知）。为了讨论和验证测量结果，我们还进行了两个实验，一是测量空气饱和样品的切变波速度和纵波速度，并求得框架的体积模量和切变模量；二是测量空气饱和样品中的慢纵波速度，并验证样品曲折度的大小。     

利用慢度曲面研究立方晶系晶体的铁弹相变

讨论了慢度曲面与声学模软化之间的关系.立方晶系晶体声学模的软化即对应其在某一方向上的最大慢度,软模的本征矢的方向即为与最大慢度相对应的声学模的偏振化方向.通过求解Christoffel方程可找到某些方向上的最大慢度和与它们对应的声学模的偏振化方向.从而晶体在本征铁弹相变前后结构对称性的变化可以通过分析Christoffel方程的解及利用居里原理来确定.     

ZnSe弹性常数和相变的从头计算

利用平面波密度泛函理论研究了ZnSe从闪锌矿结构到盐石结构的相变.结果发现通过H相等得到的相变压力为16.8 GPa,与通过高压弹性常数值判断所得到的结果相符.     

各向同性和立方对称物体的高阶弹性系数和物态方程

 本文给出了物态方程可由实验测定的二阶弹性常数（SOEC），三阶弹性常数（TOEC）和四阶弹性常数（FOEC）表述。     

关于岩石三阶弹性常数的超声测量方法

油气储层岩石的三阶弹性常数反映了该岩石的速度应力敏感性,是利用声波测井或地震资料进行原位地应力反演的基本参数。本文阐述了利用声弹性理论在实验室测量岩石三阶弹性常数的原理与方法,并给出了部分实验结果。这些参数将为研究声波在预应力声场中传播规律的提供基础数据,同时也为定量分析利用交叉偶极声波测井评价地应力的精度提供了依据。不同岩石的三阶弹性常数较大差异表明,通过速度各向异性进行应力反演时必须考虑岩石本身非线性的差异。     

测量三阶弹性常数的非线性声学方法

三阶弹性常数反映了固体弹性在二级近似下的非线性性质，它在固体物理和材料特性的确认和评估中起着重要作用。着重介绍了测量三阶弹性常数的超声二次谐波激发方法。     

立方晶体超声物态方程弹性参数的高压测量

 用超声脉冲回波重合技术（PEO），在0.1~500 MPa流体静压力范围，测量了立方晶体Si和Bi₁₂GeO₂₀中沿[100]、[110]和[111]方向传播的纯纵波和切变波自然声速值随压力的变化。根据有限形变理论，由声速与压力关系的实验结果。确定了立方晶体Si和Bi₁₂GeO₂₀超声物态方程的弹性参数（含三阶和四阶弹性常数）。     

立方结构Fe基磁性材料弹性系数第一性原理计算

通过赝势平面波法(CASTEP)及全电势线性缀加平面波法(FLAPW)，以bcc-Fe为对象，研究第一性原理计算立方结构Fe基磁性材料弹性系数的方法，分析影响计算立方结构Fe基磁性材料弹性系数准确度的各项因素. 结果表明，在第一性原理弹性系数计算中，晶格常数是决定弹性系数计算准确度的关键因素；势函数的选择也会影响计算准确度. 使用全电势基矢的FLAPW法可以得到更为精准的弹性系数计算结果. 计算得到bcc-Fe的弹性系数C₁₁，C₁₂，C₄₄分别为246 GPa，121 GPa，113 GPa，与实验值基本一致. 利用本方法，计算了新型Fe-Ga磁致伸缩材料的弹性系数C₁₁，C₁₂，C₄₄分别为207 GPa，166 GPa及108 GPa. 关键词： 弹性系数 磁致伸缩材料 赝势平面波法 全电势线性缀加平面波法     

Ultrasonic measurement of the elastic properties of benzoyl glycine single crystals

Certain organic crystals are found to possess high non-linear optical coefficients, often one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of the well-known inorganic non-linear optical materials. Benzoyl glycine is one such crystal whose optical second-harmonic generation efficiency is much higher than that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Single crystals of benzoyl glycine are grown by solvent evaporation technique usingN, N-dimethyl formamide as the solvent. All the nine second-order elastic stiffness constants of this orthorhombic crystal are determined from ultrasonic wave velocity measurements employing the pulse echo overlap technique. The anisotropy of elastic wave propagation in this crystal is demonstrated by plotting the phase velocity, slowness, Young’s modulus and linear compressibility surfaces along symmetry planes. The volume compressibility, bulk modulus and relevant Poisson’s ratios are also determined. Variation of the diagonal elastic stiffness constants with temperature over a limited range are measured and reported.     

Pseudo-molecular approach for the elastic constants of nematic liquid crystals interacting via anisotropic dispersion forces

The bulk and the surface-like elastic constants of a nematic liquid crystal are calculated for an ensemble of particles interacting via anisotropic dispersion forces using the pseudo-molecular method. The geometrical anisotropy of the molecules is also taken into account in the calculations by choosing a molecular volume of ellipsoidal shape. Analytical expressions for the elastic constants are obtained as a function of the eccentricity in the molecular volume shape. The method allows one to explore the dependence on the molecular orientation with respect to the intermolecular vector by analyzing the magnitude and the behaviour of macroscopic elastic parameters defining the nematic phase.     

Theoretical study of structural energy, phonon spectra, and elastic constants of Rh and Ir

The transition metal pair potential (TMPP) is used to study band structure energy of Rh and Ir. Both metals are found to be most stable in fcc structure down to atomic volume 0.5V ₀. The pressure at 0.5V ₀ is found to be 5.235 Mbar and 9.216 Mbar in Rh and Ir, respectively. The TMPP is also used to study other properties of these metals like cohesive energy, phonon frequencies at observed volume. The bulk moduli and elastic constants of these metals at observed volume are calculated by including the volume contribution.     

Effect of surface roughness on the optical constants of bulk polycrystalline gold samples

Four bulk polycrystalline samples of gold were subjected to different polishing treatments using diamond pastes of grain size 10, 6, 3 and 1 μm. The effect of surface roughness on the optical constants n and k is studied by 45° angle-of-incidence ellipsometry at 632.8 nm. Results for n and k are extrapolated to the case of an ideal surface which we believe to be highly representative of gold. Comparison with published results for the optical constants of gold thin films is presented.     

Monocrystal elastic constants in the ultrasonic study of welds

For studying welds ultrasonically, the importance of knowing the material's single-crystal elastic constants, the C_ijs, is explained. Where these constants are not known, some guidelines are given for estimating them from polycrystalline elastic constants such as Young's modulus and the shear modulus.The important case of [001] fibre texture is considered. Being transversely isotropic, this case exhibits five macroscopic elastic constants, which are related to the three cubic elastic constants: C₁₁, C₁₂, C₄₄. From these five constants the angular variations of Young's modulus, the torsional modulus, and the sound velocities can be computed. For the same [001] fibre texture, results are given for a standard well-characterized material — copper, where the C_ijs are well known.     

Anharmonic force constants of GaSb from the measured third order elastic constants at 300°K

The third-order elastic constants of single crystal GaSb are determined using ultrasonic pulse interferometer at 10 MHz. The constants at 300°K, in units of 10¹¹ N.m.⁻², are C_l11 = ™ 4 ·75 ± 0·06 C₁₄₄ = + 0·50 ± 0·25 C₁₁₃ = ™ 3 ·08 ± 0·02 C₁₆₆ = ™ 2·16 ± 0·13 C₁₂₃ = ™ 0 ·44 ± 0·29 C₄₅₆ = ™ 0·25 ± 0·15 These constants are used to evaluate the three anharmonic first and second neighbour force constants based on modified Keating’s model. The constants are (in units of 10¹¹ N.m⁻²)γ=− 2·406;δ=0·407;ε=−0·222.     

Temperature variation of higher-order elastic constants of MgO

An effort has been made for obtaining higher-order elastic constants for MgO starting from basic parameters, viz. nearest-neighbor distance and hardness parameter using Coulomb and Börn-Mayer potentials. These are calculated in a wide temperature range (100–1000 K) and compared with available theoretical and experimental results.     

Determination of elastic,piezoelectric,and dielectric constants of an R:BaTiO₃ single crystal by Brillouin scattering

From the sound velocity measured using the Brillouin scattering technique,the elastic,piezoelectric,and dielectric constants of a high-quality monodomain tetragonal Rh:BaTiO3 single crystal are determined at room temperature.The elastic constants are in fairly good agreement with those of the BaTiO3 single crystal,measured previously by Brillouin scattering and the low-frequency equivalent circuit methods.However,their electromechanical properties are significantly different.Based on the sound propagation equations and these results,the directional dependence of the compressional modulus and the shear modulus of Rh:BaTiO3 in the(010) plane is investigated.Some properties of sound propagation and electromechanical coupling in the crystal are discussed.