粗糙平板微通道流动和传热的数值模拟

以粗糙平行平板微通道为研究对象,以三角形锯齿状粗糙元模拟固体表面的粗糙度,采用CFD流体固体共轭传热技术数值研究了绝对粗糙度和相对粗糙度对平行平板微通道流动和传热特性的影响,着重分析了粗糙度和流体速度对水力入口段长度和热力入口段长度的影响规律,同时研究了相对粗糙度对微通道转捩雷诺数的影响,为进一步揭示微微通道的流动和传热机理提供了依据.     

亲水性微观粗糙表面润湿状态转变性能研究

以亲水性微观粗糙表面上不同几何形貌及分布的微柱阵列为对象, 讨论了液滴在亲水性粗糙表面上的润湿过程以及润湿状态的转变阶段. 从能量角度分别考察了微观粗糙结构几何形貌及分布、微柱几何参数、固体表面亲水性、接触角滞后作用等因素对液滴润湿状态转变的影响规律. 研究发现: 在亲水粗糙表面, 正方形微柱呈正六边形阵列分布时, 液滴更容易形成稳定的Cassie状态, 或者液滴仅发生Cassie状态向中间浸润状态的转变; 与此同时, 减小微柱间距、增大方柱宽度或圆柱直径、增大微柱高度、增强固体表面的亲水性将有利于液滴处于稳定的Cassie状态, 或阻止润湿状态向伪-Wenzel或Wenzel状态转变; 然而, 当液滴处于Cassie状态时, 较小的固-液界面面积分数或减弱固体表面亲水性能均有利于增大液滴的表观接触角, 因此在亲水表面设计粗糙结构时应综合考虑润湿状态稳定性和较大表观接触角两方面因素; 此外, 接触角滞后作用对于液滴状态的稳定性以及疏水性能的实现具有相反作用的影响. 研究结果为液滴在亲水表面获得稳定Cassie状态的粗糙结构设计方法提供了理论依据. 关键词： 亲水表面 微观粗糙结构 表面自由能 润湿状态转变     

微结构阵列对近壁面层液体运动规律的影响

表面微结构阵列可用于调控微间隙中液体的流动行为、运动阻力和混合特性等.本文采用石英晶体微天平实验研究了微凹坑和微圆柱阵列以及微结构表面形貌对近壁面层液体运动行为的影响.石英晶体微天平的系统频移和半带宽变化与近壁面层液体的运动行为密切相关,研究显示,表面微凹坑倾向于受限液体的运动,因此微凹坑表面引起的频移绝对值明显大于与其具有相同特征尺寸的微圆柱表面,且均大于光滑表面.粗糙表面结构会明显地增加近壁面区域液体运动的紊乱程度,因此具有粗糙顶部的二级微圆柱表面引起的半带宽变化明显大于与其具有相同特征尺寸的微圆柱表面,且均大于光滑表面.该研究为微流道表面阵列微结构形式的选择提供了实验依据.     

微粗糙硬铝表面双向反射特性实验研究

本文基于四波段双向反射分布函数测试平台,对微粗糙硬铝表面的光谱双向反射分布函数进行了实验测量,考察了微粗糙尺寸参数、入射角度和入射辐射波长对表面辐射特性的影响。测量结果显示了明显的镜反射特征,粗糙的表面结构还引起了后向反射增强现象,长波入射和大角度入射增强后向反射效应。     

液滴在粗糙固体表面上的铺展特性

本文建立了粗糙固体表面上液滴铺展过程的理论模型并采用了格子Boltzmann方法进行数值模拟,研究了粗糙与光滑表面上液滴铺展过程的形貌变化。研究结果表明,无论表面光滑还是粗糙,液滴都沿着半径方向逐渐铺展,整体首先呈帽形,随着时间的推移,液滴在表面铺展成一平面。粗糙表面与光滑表面铺展特性间的差异主要在于粗糙表面液滴受到粗糙元干扰,其铺展形状随时间推移由圆形向八边形过渡.粗糙元间隙的增大导致液滴润湿半径增大,液滴厚度沿半径方向变化梯度降低。     

粗糙表面形貌对微尺度流动换热的影响

基于分形几何定量描述了多尺度自仿射的粗糙表面形貌,建立了微通道内层流流动换热的理论模型并对表面形貌的影响进行了数值模拟.研究表明,自仿射分形维数直接反映了表面轮廓的不规则度,对于两个具有相同统计粗糙度的轮廓,可能存在不同的分形维数;与常规尺度通道不同,雷诺数、粗糙高度和粗糙表面分形维数都对微通道内层流流动换热有着重要影...     

微粗糙面上方球形粒子的光散射及其散射截面的计算

基于互易定理研究了光波入射时微粗糙面与其上方球形粒子复合模型的光散射。根据粗糙表面电流积分方程并利用表面微扰展开，得到了微粗糙面表面极化电流的迭代解，给出了耦合电场的计算方法。结合散射耦合场散射矩阵和已有的微粗糙面及球形粒子的散射矩阵，给出了复合模型散射截面的计算公式，数值计算了复合模型的后向散射截面并进行了详细讨论。     

基于液滴界面不稳定性的表面粗糙聚合物微球的制备及其细胞捕获应用

具有不同组成和形态的聚合物颗粒近来受到越来越多的关注,它们的表面粗糙度显著影响着其理化性能,尤其在调节生物材料与生物系统间的相互作用中发挥着重要作用.本文设计了一种具有表面可调褶皱结构的聚苯乙烯微球.首先通过微流控装置产生尺寸均一的含有疏水聚合物和助表面活性剂的液滴.在有机溶剂的挥发过程中,不断收缩的液滴出现界面不稳定现象.表面面积自发增大,固化后得到表面具有褶皱的微球.研究结果表明,调节助表面活性剂的浓度以及溶剂挥发速率均可以有效调控微球表面粗糙程度.循环肿瘤细胞捕获实验表明,这种褶皱结构能明显增强细胞黏附力,提高细胞捕获量.以上这些特征表明这种表面褶皱微球将在生物医学分析领域具备良好的应用前景.     

随机微扰表面反射光谱的低角度依赖性

结构色在光学伪装等领域具有重要的应用前景,但其存在严重的角度依赖性。提出利用随机微扰表面降低反射光谱角度依赖性的方法;研究了不同微扰特征的粗糙表面结构在不同入射角下的反射光谱;通过有限元法计算了横电波、横磁波的反射光谱特性和能量传播特性,并据此获得了等效自然光的反射光谱和角度依赖规律。分析发现在0°～40°入射角度范围内,平整表面结构的反射光谱峰值移动了34.0 nm,随机微扰表面结构的反射光谱峰值仅移动了10.0 nm,角度依赖特性降低了70.6%,结果表明微扰表面结构对于降低角度依赖性具有显著作用。     

粗糙表面接触模型的研究现状和展望

工程表面在微观尺度上都是粗糙的.研究粗糙表面的接触行为,有助于更好地理解表面的微观结构影响其功能属性的机理,以便为特定的工程应用设计表面形貌.总结了粗糙表面接触模型的研究现状,并从基体的塑性应变和材料力学行为的尺度效应两个方面对未来的工作进行了展望.     

The effect of surface roughness on rarefied gas flows by lattice Boltzmann method

This paper studies the roughness effect combining with effects of rarefaction and compressibility by a lattice Boltzmann model for rarefied gas flows at high Knudsen numbers. By discussing the effect of the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient on the rough boundary condition, the lattice Boltzmann simulations of nitrogen and helium flows are performed in a two-dimensional microchannel with rough boundaries. The surface roughness effects in the microchannel on the velocity field, the mass flow rate and the friction coefficient are studied and analysed. Numerical results for the two gases in micro scale show different characteristics from macroscopic flows and demonstrate the feasibility of the lattice Boltzmann model in rarefied gas dynamics.     

疏水表面滑移流动及减阻特性的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法研究了固体壁面对流体的作用强度与其润湿性的关系,在此基础上进一步模拟了疏水表面微通道内的流体流动,获得了润湿性对疏水表面滑移流动及减阻特性的影响规律,证实了疏水表面表观滑移的存在性并揭示了其产生机理.结果表明,疏水性作用在疏水表面的近壁区诱导了一个低密度层,而表观滑移则发生在低密度层上.表观滑移是疏水表面具有减阻作用的直接原因,减阻效果随滑移长度的增大而增大.对于特定的流体系统,滑移长度是疏水表面的固有属性,仅是壁面润湿性的单一函数,而与流动本身的性质无关.     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的液滴沿固壁铺展动态过程模拟

矿井喷雾降尘是利用水雾使粉尘润湿沉降的过程,考虑到固体与液体间分子作用力,本文采用格子Boltzmann方法对液滴沿固壁铺展的动力学行为进行了数值模拟,结果发现铺展直径及动态接触角随时间呈指数规律,确定了液滴表面张力与铺展最大直径间的关系,固壁润湿性对铺展最大速度值影响较大,这些与物理试验及文献结果符合良好. 进一步考察了疏水性强的固壁,发现当液滴表面张力足够小时,铺展接触角可以在90°以下,与理论公式符合. 研究发现铺展过程中伴随着振荡,且铺展到最大时液膜有回缩趋势. 关键词： 液滴 格子Boltzmann方法 铺展 数值模拟     

Investigation of cavitation bubble collapse in hydrophobic concave using the pseudopotential multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method

The interaction between cavitation bubble and solid surface is a fundamental topic which is deeply concerned for the utilization or avoidance of cavitation effect.The complexity of this topic is that the cavitation bubble collapse includes many extreme physical phenomena and variability of different solid surface properties.In the present work,the cavitation bubble collapse in hydrophobic concave is studied using the pseudopotential multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model(MRT-LB).The model is modified by involving the piecewise linear equation of state and improved forcing scheme.The fluid-solid interaction in the model is employed to adjust the wettability of solid surface.Moreover,the validity of the model is verified by comparison with experimental results and grid-independence verification.Finally,the cavitation bubble collapse in a hydrophobic concave is studied by investigating density field,pressure field,collapse time,and jet velocity.The superimposed effect of the surface hydrophobicity and concave geometry is analyzed and explained in the framework of the pseudopotential LBM.The study shows that the hydrophobic concave can enhance cavitation effect by decreasing cavitation threshold,accelerating collapse and increasing jet velocity.     

Consistent lattice Boltzmann method

Lack of energy conservation in lattice Boltzmann models leads to unrealistically high values of the bulk viscosity. For this reason, the lattice Boltzmann method remains a computational tool rather than a model of a fluid. A novel lattice Boltzmann model with energy conservation is derived from Boltzmann's kinetic theory. Simulations demonstrate that the new lattice Boltzmann model is the valid approximation of the Boltzmann equation for weakly compressible flows and microflows.     

Investigation of Stability and Hydrodynamics of Different Lattice Boltzmann Models

Stability and hydrodynamic behaviors of different lattice Boltzmann models including the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE), the differential lattice Boltzmann equation (DLBE), the interpolation-supplemented lattice Boltzmann method (ISLBM) and the Taylor series expansion- and least square-based lattice Boltzmann method (TLLBM) are studied in detail. Our work is based on the von Neumann linearized stability analysis under a uniform flow condition. The local stability and hydrodynamic (dissipation) behaviors are studied by solving the evolution operator of the linearized lattice Boltzmann equations numerically. Our investigation shows that the LBE schemes with interpolations, such as DLBE, ISLBM and TLLBM, improve the numerical stability by increasing hyper-viscosities at large wave numbers (small scales). It was found that these interpolated LBE schemes with the upwind interpolations are more stable than those with central interpolations because of much larger hyper-viscosities.     

A lattice Boltzmann method for immiscible multiphase flow simulations using the level set method

We consider the lattice Boltzmann method for immiscible multiphase flow simulations. Classical lattice Boltzmann methods for this problem, e.g. the colour gradient method or the free energy approach, can only be applied when density and viscosity ratios are small. Moreover, they use additional fields defined on the whole domain to describe the different phases and model phase separation by special interactions at each node. In contrast, our approach simulates the flow using a single field and separates the fluid phases by a free moving interface. The scheme is based on the lattice Boltzmann method and uses the level set method to compute the evolution of the interface. To couple the fluid phases, we develop new boundary conditions which realise the macroscopic jump conditions at the interface and incorporate surface tension in the lattice Boltzmann framework. Various simulations are presented to validate the numerical scheme, e.g. two-phase channel flows, the Young–Laplace law for a bubble and viscous fingering in a Hele-Shaw cell. The results show that the method is feasible over a wide range of density and viscosity differences.     

Gas Flow in Microchannels – A Lattice Boltzmann Method Approach

Gas flow in microchannels can often encounter tangential slip motion at the solid surface even under creeping flow conditions. To simulate low speed gas flows with Knudsen numbers extending into the transition regime, alternative methods to both the Navier–Stokes and direct simulation Monte Carlo approaches are needed that balance computational efficiency and simulation accuracy. The lattice Boltzmann method offers an approach that is particularly suitable for mesoscopic simulation where details of the molecular motion are not required. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method has been applied to gas flows with finite Knudsen number and the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient has been implemented to describe the gas-surface interactions. For fully-developed channel flows, the results of the present method are in excellent agreement with the analytical slip-flow solution of the Navier–Stokes equations, which are valid for Knudsen numbers less than 0.1. The present paper demonstrates that the lattice Boltzmann approach is a promising alternative simulation tool for the design of microfluidic devices.     

三维方腔温盐双扩散的格子Boltzmann方法数值模拟

研究了温盐双扩散系统的多组分格子Boltzmann方法.通过对二维方腔的温盐双扩散系统的数值模拟，检验了方法的可行性及有效性，所得到的结果与差分法结果符合良好，继而将此方法推广到三维，建立了三维温盐双扩散系统的格子Boltzmann方法，对三维方腔双扩散问题进行了模拟和分析，并与差分法模拟的结果进行了比较，结果令人满意.最后，分析了格子Boltzmann方法在模拟双扩散对流问题时存在的局限性. 关键词： 格子Boltzmann方法 温盐双扩散 Boussinesq近似 数值模拟     

Pseudopotential multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model for cavitation bubble collapse with high density ratio

The dynamics of the cavitation bubble collapse is a fundamental issue for the bubble collapse application and prevention. In the present work, the modified forcing scheme for the pseudopotential multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model developed by Li Q et al. [ Li Q, Luo K H and Li X J 2013 Phys. Rev. E 87 053301] is adopted to develop a cavitation bubble collapse model. In the respects of coexistence curves and Laplace law verification, the improved pseudopotential multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model is investigated. It is found that the thermodynamic consistency and surface tension are independent of kinematic viscosity. By homogeneous and heterogeneous cavitation simulation, the ability of the present model to describe the cavitation bubble development as well as the cavitation inception is verified. The bubble collapse between two parallel walls is simulated. The dynamic process of a collapsing bubble is consistent with the results from experiments and simulations by other numerical methods. It is demonstrated that the present pseudopotential multirelaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model is applicable and efficient, and the lattice Boltzmann method is an alternative tool for collapsing bubble modeling.