SPS和RHIC的多粒子产生

用双源统计模型分别研究了158 A GeV Pb+Pb和s=130 A GeV Au+Au反应中的多粒子产生并与单源统计模型的结果进行了比较. 研究表明，前一个反应由内外两个源组成，内源小而热，外源大而较凉；后一个反应有一个高温且大体积的内源. 这个源的温度比SPS能量的内源至少高15MeV，体积至少大2倍. 文中给出了分析.     

158A GeV Pb+Pb反应中多粒子产生的双源统计模型分析

提出双源统计模型并用它研究了158A GeV Pb+Pb反应中多粒子产生.模型很好地描述了实验,同时给出一个合理清晰的物理图像.反应系统由一个热而小的内源和一个大而较凉的外源构成.外源具有类弹和类靶特征,内源具有反应中心区特征.在freeze-out时系统仍处于膨胀中.     

RHIC能区Au+Au碰撞中集合径向流的研究

利用相对论量子分子动力学模型RQMD,对RHIC能区s=200A GeV Au+Au碰撞的集体膨胀效应进行了研究,对散射粒子的横质量谱进行了分析.研究表明,在RHIC能区的重离子反应中存在有强的集合径向流.对单粒子谱的拟合结果给出Au+Au的源冻结温度为160MeV,平均径向流速度为0.6c.     

非完全熔合碎裂模型与核液气相变

用非完全熔合碎裂模型来分析600MeV/u Au+Au反应中弹剩余核的多重碎裂现象.理论计算得到的弹剩余核质量数、激发能及热力学温度与实验数据基本一致,很好地解释了Au+Au反应中热力学温度随第核子激发能变化而出现的回弯现象,使衰变模式相变和液气相变统一起来.     

金等离子体中Au48+-Au52+平衡分布的统计热力学研究

基于全相对论多组态Dirac Fock理论 ,采用“多功能相对论原子结构程序 (GRASP2 )” ,考虑量子电动力学 (QED)效应和Breit修正 ,涉及实验谱中Au等离子体M带的几类重要跃迁 ,计算了Au4 8 —Au52 离子的能级结构和能级简并度 .用统计热力学方法计算各离子的配分函数 ,由配分函数计算等离子体内这五种离子的电离与复合平衡常数 ,根据同时反应的平衡理论研究电离与复合达到平衡时等离子体内各离子的相对分布基于全相对论多组态Dirac Fock理论 ,采用“多功能相对论原子结构程序 (GRASP2 )” ,考虑量子电动力学 (QED)效应和Breit修正 ,涉及实验谱中Au等离子体M带的几类重要跃迁 ,计算了Au4 8 —Au52 离子的能级结构和能级简并度 .用统计热力学方法计算各离子的配分函数 ,由配分函数计算等离子体内这五种离子的电离与复合平衡常数 ,根据同时反应的平衡理论研究电离与复合达到平衡时等离子体内各离子的相对分布     

重离子裂变反应碎片角分布

本工作采用固体核径迹探测器和金硅面垒型半导体探测器测量了¹²C+¹⁸¹Ta,¹⁹⁷Au,Pb和²⁰⁹Bi以及¹⁴N+Pb裂变反应碎片角分布.还借助于已经发表的若干裂变反应碎片角分布数据,在可裂变参数Z²/A,激发能E和角动量I较宽的范围内,用碎片角分布统计断点模型分析了重离子裂变反应碎片角分布数据.结果表明,统计断点模型能够解释重离子裂变反应碎片角分布.     

600A MeV Au+Au碰撞的挤压效应分析

对600A MeV Au+Au碰撞实验的挤压效应进行了研究.在方位角分布分析的基础上,完成了对挤压效应的定量测量,有效地消除了估计反应平面离散对测量结果的影响.     

氯离子吸附单层对Au(111)电极表面应力的贡献

以Cl-为例 ,应用格子气模型 ,建立了阴离子吸附层对Au(111)表面应力贡献的统计热力学理论 ,计算了吸附层Cl-离子间相互作用能、表面应力贡献和二维体积弹性模量 .计算结果表明 ,Cl-吸附层对表面应力贡献的大小 ,与实验值相近 ;在Cl-低覆盖度时 ,经验包括ClO4 -贡献 ,计算了表面应力变化 电荷密度曲线 ,近似呈线性关系 ;对于Cl-/Au(111)体系 ,表面应力与表面张力之差与表面应力同量级 ,两者差别不可忽略 .较好地解释了有关的实验事实 .     

熔合碎裂模型和ALADIN多重碎裂数据

我们用非完全熔合碎裂模型分析了600MeV/u的Au与Cu碰撞后弹剩余核多重碎裂的ALADIN实验结果.由于非完全熔合碎裂模型可以将描述热核形成的动力学和描写热核瞬时多重碎裂的统计模型融为一体,所以只需适当调整与激发能有关的模型参数,就能很好地再现ALADIN数据.     

金等离子体中Au48+—Au52+平衡分布的统计热力学研究

基于全相对论多组态Dirac-Fock理论，采用“多功能相对论原子结构程序(GRASP2)”，考虑量子电动力学(QED)效应和Breit修正，涉及实验谱中Au等离子体M带的几类重要跃迁，计算了Au48+—Au52+离子的能级结构和能级简并度.用统计热力学方法计算 各离子的配分函数，由配分函数计算等离子体内这五种离子的电离与复合平衡常数，根据同 时反应的平衡理论研究电离与复合达到平衡时等离子体内各离子的相对分布. 关键词： 金等离子体 配分函数 平衡常数 离子丰度     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.