卡宾的钨配合物与二氯甲基Wittig试剂的反应

本文报导了用卡宾的钨配合物进一步用于与二氯甲基Wittig试剂的反应, 合成1,1-二氯-2-烷氧基烯烃。1,1-二卤代烯烃是一类产生不饱和卡宾的前体化合物。本文旨在通过对卡宾的钨配合物与二氯代Wittig试剂之间的反应研究, 进一步研究烷氧基取代不饱和卡宾的性质。     

1,1二氯代烯烃与高表面金属钠反应产生不饱和卡宾

1,1-二氯代烯烃与高表面金属钠反应是产生不饱和卡宾的一种新方法。在卡宾捕俘剂——烯烃存在下反应时,可得到相应的取代亚甲基环丙烷衍生物。本文就此反应的可能机理进行了讨论。     

一种1,1-二氯烯烃化合物的新合成方法

1,1-二氯烯烃结构存在于许多天然产物中,同时也是一类重要的合成中间体,广泛应用于炔烃、卤代炔烃以及芳烃化合物的合成.报道了一个新的1,1-二氯烯烃化试剂:二氯甲基(2-吡啶基)砜.以叔丁醇钾作为碱,二氯甲基(2-吡啶基)砜与芳香醛顺利反应,以良好的产率制备得到了1,1-二氯烯烃化合物.该方法实验操作简便、试剂易得且纯化方便.     

末端炔烃、炔醇的制备及其进一步的烷基化反应

二氯甲基膦酸二乙酯与醛反应,制得1,1-二氯代烯烃。再用丁基锂处理,水解后得到末端炔烃。若进一步与醛或环氧化合物反应可得到相应的炔醇。中间体1,1-二氯代烯烃不经分离,与过量的丁基锂作用,可发生进一步的烷基化反应。文中还讨论了上述反应结果和可能的机理。     

含烯烃配体的过渡金属卡宾配合物的研究 Ⅴ.新型异构化的环己二烯(二羰基)[乙氧基(芳基)卡宾]铁配合物的合成和结构

最近,我们报道了含直链共轭双烯配体和支链共轭双烯配体的金属羰基化合物,丁二烯三羰基铁和异戊二烯三羰基铁与亲核试剂芳基锂在低温下反应,继后用Et_3OBF_4烷基化,分别生成一族新奇的异构化的丁二烯和异戊二烯烷氧基卡宾铁配合物。这些配合物的结构显示的中心金属和烯烃配体的键合方式是非常有趣的。本文选择含环状共轭双烯配体的1,3-环己二烯三羰基铁(1)与芳基锂在低温下进行类似的反应,以观察环烯烃配体的反应活性及其     

N-杂环卡宾铂配合物的合成及其在有机反应中的应用

N-杂环卡宾铂配合物作为催化剂广泛应用于诸多有机催化反应,表现出优良的催化性能及稳定的物理、化学性质,在一定程度上解决了传统催化剂使用过程中遇到的稳定性难题,是有机金属催化化学的研究热点之一。本文介绍了近年来N-杂环卡宾铂配合物的合成及其作为催化剂在不饱和化合物(烯烃、炔烃和酮等)硅氢加成反应、烯炔环异构化反应、烯烃氢胺化、烯烃硼化反应和炔烃水化反应等有机反应中的应用研究新成果和进展,分析了N-杂环卡宾铂配合物作为催化剂的催化机理和存在的不足,并对N-杂环卡宾铂配合物作为催化剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

相转移催化反应研究 II.相转移催化产生的二卤卡宾的环加成反应动力学研究

本文研究了在50%NaOH,CH~2Cl~2体系中相转移催化产生的二氯及二溴卡宾与对位取代的苯乙烯反应的相对速率常数k~rel并用Brown式进行了线性相关分析。在此条件下,二氯及二溴卡宾都是有亲电性,其中二氯卡宾的选择性大于二溴卡宾。本文还测定了上述相转移反应中,反应物烯烃、溴仿浓度随时间变化的情况,并用动力学公式对所得的曲线进行了分析,得出在此条件下,反应为二级,其中对烯烃和溴仿各为一级,溴仿过量时,反应对烯烃呈准一级。     

二氯甲基膦酸二乙酯与醛、酮的反应——1,1-二氯代烯烃的制备

本文报导了以二氯甲基膦酸二乙酯作试剂,在正丁基锂作用下与醛、酮化合物反应制备1,1-二氯代烯烃的合成方法。该试剂在相近条件下与醛、酮反应无显著差别,均得到了较满意的结果。二氯甲基膦酸二乙酯由络合物[Cl₂CHPCl₃]⁺AlCl₄^-与无水乙醇反应制得。     

含烯烃配体的过渡金属卡宾配合物的研究V:新型异构化的环己二烯(二羰基)[乙氧基(芳基)卡宾]铁配合物的合成和结构

报导了用含环状共轭双烯配体的1,3-环己二烯三羰基铁(1)与芳基锂在低温下的反应,并用Et3OBF4烷基化,以观察环烯烃配体的反应活性及其对卡宾配合物异构化的影响.并研究不同烯烃配体和芳烃取代基对产物的影响.     

一些新的铜(Ⅰ)取代烯烃配合物的合成与表征

和其它d¹⁰构型的过渡金属不同,铜(Ⅰ)与烯烃或与其它不饱和小分子形成的配合物极不稳定,只有极少数几个被分离出来,铜(Ⅰ)可参与许多重要的均相催化反应,涉及到的反应底物是许多不饱和化合物,但其详细的催化作用机理尚不清楚,因此研究铜(Ⅰ)的不饱和小分子配合物有可能为这类反应机理的探索提供有用的信息;另外铜(Ⅰ)烯烃配合物可用作模拟物来研究植物激素乙烯在生物体内的作用机制,因此,开展铜(Ⅰ)烯烃配合物的研究是有意义的,本文报道了4种带有吸电子取代基烯烃的铜(Ⅰ)配合物的合成及其结构表征,发现在惰性气氛中合成的配合物有相当的稳定性,配位的烯烃能被亚磷酸酯取代。     

Computational and experimental studies on the mechanism of the photochemical carbonylation of group 6 Fischer carbene complexes

The photocarbonylation reaction of Group 6 Fischer carbene complexes has been studied by DFT and experimental procedures. The process occurs by intersystem crossing (ISC) from the lowest excited singlet state (S1) to the lowest triplet state (T1), the latter structure being decisive for the outcome of the reaction. Methylenepentacarbonylchromium(0) complexes, alkoxypentacarbonylchromium(0)carbene complexes, and alkoxyphosphinetetracarbonylchromium(0) carbene complexes have coordinatively unsaturated chromacyclopropanone T1 structures with a biradical character. The evolution of the metallacyclopropanone species occurs by a jump (spin inversion) to the S(0) hypersurface by coordination of a molecule of the solvent, leading to ketene-derived products in the presence of ketenophiles or reverting to the starting carbene complex in their absence. The T1 excited states obtained from methylenephosphinetetracarbonylchromium(0) complexes and pentacarbonyltungsten(0)carbene complexes are unable to produce the carbonylation. The reaction with ketenophiles is favored in coordinating solvents, which has been tested experimentally in the reaction of alkoxypentacarbonylchromium(0) complexes and imines.     

Einschiebung von inaminen in metall—carbenkohlenstoff-bindungen

Pentacarbonyl[methoxy(methyl)carbene]chromium(0) and pentacarbonyl[methoxy(phenyl)carbene]chromium(0) react in hexane at room temperature with diethylaminoethyne and l-diethylamino-1-propyne to give $\text{1}\text{1}$ compounds. These are identified as insertion products of the alkyne entity into the metal—carbene bond by spectroscopic methods.     

Evidence for specific solvation of two halocarbene amides

Laser flash photolysis (LFP, 308 nm) of endo-10-halo-10'-N,N-dimethylcarboxamidetricyclo[4.3.1.0]-deca-2,4-diene (1Cl and 1F) releases indan and halocarbene amide (2Cl and 2F). Although the carbenes are not UV-vis active, they react rapidly with pyridine to form ylides (4Cl, 4F), which are readily detected in LFP experiments (lambda(max) = 450 nm). Dioxane decreases the observed rate of carbene reaction with pyridine in CF(2)ClCFCl(2). Small amounts of THF decrease the observed rate of reaction of carbene 2F with pyridine but increase the rate of reaction of carbene 2Cl with pyridine. LFP (266 nm) of dienes 1Cl and 1F in CF(2)ClCFCl(2) with IR detection produces carbenes 2Cl and 2F with carbonyl vibrations at 1635 and 1650 cm(-1), respectively. In dioxane or THF solvent, LFP produces the corresponding ether ylides (5Cl, 5F) by capture of carbenes 2Cl and 2F. The ylides have broad carbonyl vibrations between 1560 and 1610 cm(-1). The addition of a small amount of dioxane in CFCl(2)CF(2)Cl extends the lifetime of the carbene. This observation, together with the ether-induced retardation of the rates of carbene capture by tetramethylethylene and pyridine, is evidence for solvation of the carbene by dioxane.     

Reaktionen von komplexliganden: XXVII. Cycloaddition von carbonyl-carben-komplexen mit alkinen: cyclobutenon-bildung versus carbenanellierung

Upon reaction with tolan pentacarbonyl[1,3-difluorophenyl(methoxy)carbene]-chromium undergoes a [2 + 1 + 1]cycloaddition to give the cyclobutenone skeleton while the 2,6-dimethyl(phenyl)carbene analogue leads to the carbene annulation product.     

Conformations and reactions of bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-8-ylidene

Bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-8-ylidene (1) can assume either the conformation of "classical" carbene 1a or that of foiled carbene 1b in which the divalent carbon bends toward the double bond. Oxadiazoline precursors for the generation of 1 were prepared, followed by photochemical and thermal decomposition as well as flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of a tosyl hydrazone sodium salt precursor, to give a number of rearrangement products. Matrix isolation experiments demonstrate the presence of a diazo intermediate and methyl acetate in all photochemical and thermal precursor reactions. The major product from rearrangements of "classical" bridged carbene 1a is bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-1,3-diene as a result of an alkyl shift, while dihydrosemibullvalene formed from a 1,3-C-H insertion. In contrast, thus far unknown strained bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,7-diene formed by a vinyl shift in foiled carbene 1b. The experimental results are corroborated by density functional theory (DFT), MP2, and G4 computations.     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of the coarctate cyclization of (2-Ethynylphenyl)phenyldiazenes

A new route to substituted 2-phenyl-2H-indazoles through the cyclization of (2-ethynylphenyl)phenyldiazenes is presented. A coarctate reaction pathway forms the isoindazole carbene under neutral conditions, at moderate temperatures, and without the requirement of a carbene stabilizer. A wide variety of previously unknown diazene precursors was synthesized and cyclized. Trapping of the carbene with a silyl alcohol followed by deprotection affords the 3-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-2H-indazoles in good overall yield. The free carbene could also be trapped as a [2 + 1] cycloadduct with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene.     

Trimethoxybenzene complexes of pentafluorophenylchlorocarbene

Pentafluorophenylchlorocarbene, generated by laser flash photolysis (LFP) of pentafluorophenylchlorodiazirine, formed π-type complexes with 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene in pentane. The carbene and carbene complexes were in equilibrium with K = 3.21 × 10(5) M(-1) at 294 K. From the temperature dependence of K, ΔH° = -10.2 kcal/mol, ΔS° = -9.5 eu, and ΔG° = -7.4 kcal/mol at 298 K. The carbene complexes were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and computational analysis.     

"Dimers" and "trimers" of tetrahydroindenes and hexahydroazulenes, respectively generated from [2-(1-cycloalkenyl)ethynyl]carbene complexes (M = W, Cr) by cascade cyclization/cycloaddition reactions

A cascade of cyclization/cycloaddition reactions was triggered by addition of protic oxygen nucleophiles ROH 2 (RO = CH3CO2, PhCO2, PhO) to [2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethynyl]carbene complexes 1b and 1c (M=W, Cr, respectively), affording highly strained "dimers" 11/11' and "trimers" 12 of the carbene ligand. The first reaction step involved the formation of 1-metalla1,3,5-hexatrienes 7, which readily gave tetrahydroindenes 8 by pi cyclization and extrusion of the metal unit. "Dimers" 11/11' were generated from tetrahydroindenes 8 by a highly exo selective [4+2] cycloaddition of compounds 1b and 1c to afford 1-metalla-1,3,5-hexatriene intermediates 9, and a spontaneous pi cyclization of the latter compounds involving the disengagement of the metal unit. Propenylidene cyclohexenes 13/13' were formed in "ene"-type side reactions to the pi cyclization of 1-metalla-1,3,5-hexatrienes 7, by loss of the metal unit. "Dimers" 11 were transformed into "trimers" 12 by a [4+2] cycloaddition and subsequent pi-cyclization of the resulting 1-metalla-1,3,5-hexatriene system. The course of the reaction was elucidated by means of model reactions with (2-phenylethynyl)carbene complex 14, in which 1-metalla-1,3,5-hexatriene intermediates 16 and 17 were isolated and characterized. Alkynyl benzene derivatives 19 were obtained by an unprecedented ring-expansion of a cyclopentadiene unit of "dimers" 11a and 11c, involving the insertion of a carbene carbon atom of compound 14 into a C=C bond. A reaction cascade leading to "dimers" 24/24' could also be triggered by treatment of compounds 2 with [2-(1-cycloheptenyl)ethynyl]carbene tungsten complex 1d.     

Covalent immobilization of active lysozyme on Si/glass surface using alkoxy Fischer carbene complex on SAM

A cross-metathesis reaction between an alkene terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on glass/Si wafer and an alkene tethered Fischer carbene complex yielded a functionalized surface. Rapid aminolysis of the Fischer carbene moieties permit efficient anchoring of amine containing molecules on such a surface. Attachment of 1-pyrenemethylamine was thus monitored by ATR-IR spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Similarly, BSA and lysozyme were individually grafted to such Fischer carbene modified surfaces using their pendant lysine residues. It has been demonstrated that the anchored lysozyme retains its bactericidal property.     

On the Most Powerful Chemical Traps for Bis(methoxycarbonyl)carbene (=2‐Methoxy‐1‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐2‐oxoethylidene)

The efficiency and validity of different chemical substrates for trapping bis(methoxycarbonyl)carbene (=2‐methoxy‐1‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐2‐oxoethylidene; 1 ) is dependent on the conditions of carbene generation. On conventional photolysis of dimethyldiazomalonate (=2‐diazopropanedioic acid dimethyl ester; 2 ) by long‐wave UV light (through a Pyrex filter, λ>290 nm), the most powerful trap for carbene 1 in the series of substrates Me₂S, MeOH, cyclohexane, and pyridine is Me₂S (with an efficiency ratio of ca. 6 : 4 : 2 : 1, resp.). When short‐wave decomposition of diazomalonate 2 is employed (through a quartz filter, λ>210 nm), more reliable and useful chemical traps for bis(methoxycarbonyl)carbene ( 1 ) are pyridine and cyclohexane, whose adducts with 1 are rather stable under short‐wave‐irradiation conditions. Application of alcohols for the trapping of 1 proves to be preferential when simultaneous monitoring of carbene and oxoketene formation during photolysis is necessary.