利用国内生长的有机晶体DAST作为THz源的研究

利用时域光谱技术分别测量了通过光整流法在国内新生长的有机晶体DAST和国际常用的高效能THz晶体ZnTe中产生的THz脉冲的时域光谱,也测量和分析了有机晶体DAST在THz波段的色散和吸收特性,并通过热辐射探测计(4.2 K Si-bolometer)测量了THz脉冲的绝对能量。结果表明,国内新生长的有机晶体DAST的确是一种高效率的THz产生晶体,优化生长条件后将可得到更高的产生效率。     

Semiconductor detectors and focal plane arrays for far-infrared imaging

The detection of far-infrared (far-IR) and sub-mm-wave radiation is resistant to the commonly employed techniques in the neighbouring microwave and IR frequency bands. In this wavelength detection range the use of solid state detectors has been hampered for the reasons of transit time of charge carriers being larger than the time of one oscillation period of radiation. Also the energy of radiation quanta is substantially smaller than the thermal energy at room temperature and even liquid nitrogen temperature. The realization of terahertz (THz) emitters and receivers is a challenge because the frequencies are too high for conventional electronics and the photon energies are too small for classical optics. Development of semiconductor focal plane arrays started in seventies last century and has revolutionized imaging systems in the next decades. This paper presents progress in far-IR and sub-mm-wave semiconductor detector technology of focal plane arrays during the past twenty years. Special attention is given on recent progress in the detector technologies for real-time uncooled THz focal plane arrays such as Schottky barrier arrays, field-effect transistor detectors, and microbolometers. Also cryogenically cooled silicon and germanium extrinsic photoconductor arrays, and semiconductor bolometer arrays are considered.     

Development of THz wave oscillation and its application to molecular sciences

In 1967, a THz wave was generated for the first time using a free electron laser; however, the device was too expensive to be used widely. The author published the idea of THz wave generation by use of resonating vibration between paired atoms in polymer or crystal in 1965, and succeeded with K. Suto to generate a 12 THz wave in 1983. In 1999, the author invited K. Kawase and H. Ito to Sendai RIKEN to realize the concept by use of dielectrics; in 2000, they succeeded in realizing a sweep generator. In the same year, the author suggested the idea of applying the THz wave to cancer diagnosis and treatment, particularly by improving heating selectivity: This enhances the effect of medications by raising only the temperature of the cancer itself, not of the surrounding atomic pairs in the neighborhood. These applications are expected to spread quickly as powerful methodology based on molecular science. The reason for this is that the much improved waveform generated enables higher selectivity, allowing the detection of the existence of abnormal polymer near the paired atoms by measuring resonating frequency between paired atoms.     

几种糖衍生物分子的THz光谱研究

分子间氢键等振动可以出现在THz波段。糖类是重要的生物分子,是研究氢键的典型体系。糖的衍生物分子具有重要的功能,同时由于它们的特殊的分子结构,通常有大量氢键存在,使得它们在THz波段表现出一定的光谱特征。文章测定了几种糖衍生物分子的THz光谱,结果表明不同分子具有不同的光谱,异丙基-β-D-硫代葡萄糖具有1.17,1.35,1.93,2.23 THz等多个吸收峰;异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖的吸收峰位于1.93 THz处;甲基-(四-氧-乙酰基-β-D-半乳糖)的吸收峰位于1.87 THz处;氧-(2, 3, 4, 6-四-氧-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖)-氮-羟基琥珀酰亚胺具有1.23,1.70,1.84,2.23 THz等多个吸收峰。对结构相似的分子,尤其对于异构体来说,它们具有不同的峰位,这些低频振动为包含氢键在内的整个分子的振动,说明THz方法能够鉴别异构体,是对结构变化、空间构型等很敏感的技术,是红外光谱的有益补充。这也为大分子的光谱研究提供了基础。     

纳米网络中的太赫兹波大气传输和信道分析（英）

利用太赫兹大气传输衰减模型,比对太赫兹时域光谱系统的实验结果,结合最新的HITRAN数据库,发展了一个适用于纳米尺度的太赫兹信道分析模型。提出了一个0.1~5 THz宽的信道,分析了此信道在纳米尺度的传输损耗和最大传输数据率。研究结果表明,在纳米尺度0.1~5 THz宽的信道的传输数据率达几百Gbit/s,随着天线增益等硬件性能的不断提升,信道的最大传输数据率将达Tbit/s,此研究对于纳米器件之间的快速、大数据量的信息共享具有重要的参考价值。     

太赫兹液晶材料与器件研究进展

液晶是一种性能优异的可调控光电功能材料,基于液晶的太赫兹器件有着广泛的应用前景,但高性能太赫兹功能器件的研发仍处于初级阶段.本文综述了太赫兹领域液晶材料与器件的研究现状,探讨了液晶技术与太赫兹技术相结合的发展趋势.     

飞秒超强激光驱动太赫兹辐射特性的实验研究

强太赫兹源是太赫兹科学技术发展的关键,其中大能量强场太赫兹脉冲源在超快物态调控、新型电子加速器等领域具有重要的应用前景.超快超强激光与等离子体相互作用是近年来发展起来的一种新型的强场太赫兹辐射产生途径.本文报道了利用超强飞秒激光脉冲与金属薄膜靶作用产生太赫兹辐射的实验结果,研究了激光能量和离焦量对靶后太赫兹辐射能量的影响,并通过监测激光背向散射光谱,定性揭示了其变化规律与不同光强下的电子加热机制的相关性.实验表征了太赫兹辐射的频谱、偏振及聚焦光斑情况.测量结果表明,实验产生了脉冲能量达458μJ、聚焦场强高达GV/m量级的超宽带太赫兹辐射,为开展极端太赫兹脉冲与物质相互作用研究提供了一种新的强场太赫兹光源.     

Generation of Terahertz radiation with two color semiconductor lasers

We discuss and analyze concepts for the generation of tuneable continuous wave terahertz (THz) radiation with two color diode lasers. First, different geometries of two color lasers are reviewed. We show that the THz power of two color lasers in combination with external photomixers becomes sufficient for scanning THz imaging applications when optical amplification with a tapered amplifier is implemented. Then, the concept of direct emission of THz radiation out of a two‐color semiconductor laser is reviewed and the potential of this concept with respect to THz bandwidth and achievable THz power is critically analyzed.     

NOVEL TERAHERTZ PHOTOCONDUCTIVE ANTENNAS

The photoconductive (PC) antenna is a key device for the recent terahertz (THz) photonics based on laser-pumped generation and detection of THz radiation. In this paper we report on two new types of PC antennas: the Schottky PC antenna and the multi-contacts PC antenna. The former one is able to detect THz radiation intensity without the time-delay scan and useful for applications where spectroscopic information is not important, such as the THz intensity imaging. The latter one is useful for the polarization sensitive THz spectroscopy, such as the THz ellipsometry. The characteristic features of these new types of PC antennas are studied by using a THz time-domain spectroscopy system.     

基于太赫兹量子级联激光器的实时成像研究进展

太赫兹(THz)实时成像是THz技术中颇具潜力的一个领域,具有成像速度快、成像分辨率高等特点,基于THz量子级联激光器(QCL)的实时成像系统是其中最重要的一种,系统体积小、重量轻、成像信噪比高等特点使其在实际应用中具有独特的优势。本文主要介绍了THz QCL器件及其实时成像系统的研究进展,采用超半球高阻硅透镜改善了THz QCL的输出激光,实现了准高斯光束输出,搭建了基于二维摆镜消干涉技术的THz实时成像系统,单帧成像光斑面积45mm×30 mm,实现了对刀片、药片的实时成像演示,成像分辨率优于0.5 mm;最后对成像系统激光源、成像光路和探测端的改进以及成像效果的改善方面进行了综述,并探讨了THz实时成像系统未来的发展趋势及其在材料分析和生物医学成像方面的应用前景。     

太赫兹无线通信系统中的反射器研究

采用传输矩阵方法和菲涅尔公式,根据THz频段不同区域内材料折射率的特点,计算模拟了聚合体聚偏氟乙烯（polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF）/聚碳酸酯（polycarbonate,PC）一维光子晶体对THz波的反射作用.结果表明这种反射器在亚太赫兹频段具有较好的反射性能和较大的反射带宽.此外,根据计算结果,本文还对THz反射器的理论研究和设计进行了讨论. 关键词： 太赫兹反射器 太赫兹无线通信 一维光子晶体     

Terahertz time-domain spectrometer with module heads coupled to photonic crystal fiber

We constructed optical-fiber-based THz time-domain spectrometers (THz TDSs) with standard single-mode fibers (SSMFs) and large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers (LMA PCFs) and compared those to THz waves and spectra. The optical fibers are used for guiding optical pulses from ultra-fast lasers to a THz emitter and detector. The LMA-PCF-based THz TDS exhibits increased bandwidth from 1 to 2 THz and increased field amplitude by a factor of four compared with the SSMF-based THz TDS under the relatively higher excitation power of ultra-fast lasers. This improvement results from LMA PCFs that are suitable for high-power transmission without introducing nonlinear effects. We also fabricated compact THz emitter and detector module heads, which are connected with LMA PCFs. The LMA-PCF-based THz TDS had THz radiation power and bandwidth comparable with those obtained by a conventional THz TDS with a free-space optical arrangement. PACS 42.72.Ai; 42.65.-k; 42.81.DP     

有机电光晶体4-(4-二甲基氨基苯乙烯基)甲基吡啶对甲基苯磺酸盐的太赫兹光谱研究

采用色散校正的密度泛函理论(dispersion-corrected density functional theory,DFT-D2)对有机电光晶体4-(4-二甲基氨基苯乙烯基)甲基吡啶对甲基苯磺酸盐(4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate,DAST)进行结构优化和太赫兹光谱计算,通过逐步提高精度进行几何优化的方法寻找DAST收敛的基态稳定结构,获得与DAST初始结构相一致的基态稳定结构.在此结构的基础上,在0—4 THz范围的太赫兹计算光谱与实验测量结果一致,说明采用DFT-D2进行优化的合理性.重要的是,首次通过计算的太赫兹光谱对DAST在0—4 THz范围的太赫兹吸收峰的振动模式进行了详细归属.结果表明:1.12 THz处的振动是DAST阴阳离子的光学声子模式,1.46 THz和1.54 THz两处的振动主要与磺酸盐有关,而2.63 THz和3.16 THz两处的振动则分别源于阳离子的扭转振动和阴离子的转动.该结果不仅很好地说明了阴阳离子分别在太赫兹响应中的贡献,而且为今后通过取代阴阳离子基团获取具有更高二阶非线性效应的DAST衍生物的新合成提供了重要的参考和指导.本文结果说明密度泛函理论在太赫兹光子学上的重要应用,对探究有机电光晶体的太赫兹响应物理原理、性能控制等具有重要的指导价值.     

Terahertz sensing and imaging based on nanostructured semiconductors and carbon materials

The advantageous properties of terahertz (THz) waves, such as permeability through objects that are opaque for visible light and the energy spectrum in the microelectron‐volt range that are important in materials research, allow their potential use in various applications of sensing and imaging. However, since the THz region is located between the electronic and photonic bands, even the basic components such as detectors and sources have not been fully developed, unlike in other frequency regions. THz technology also has the problem of low imaging resolution, which results from a considerably longer wavelength than that of the visible light. However, the utilization of nanostructured electronic devices has recently opened up new horizons for THz sensing and imaging. This paper provides an overview of the THz detector and imaging techniques and tracks their recent progress. Specifically, two cutting‐edge techniques, namely, frequency‐selective THz‐photon detection and integrated near‐field THz imaging, are discussed in detail. Finally, the studies of superconductors and semiconductors with high‐resolution THz imaging are described.     

高速太赫兹探测器

太赫兹(terahertz,THz)技术在高速空间通信、外差探测、生物医学、无损检测和国家安全等领域具有广阔的应用前景.能响应1 GHz调制速率以上THz光的高速THz探测器是快速成像、THz高速空间通信、超快光谱学应用技术和THz外差探测等领域的核心器件.传统的THz热探测器难以实现高速工作,而基于半导体的THz探测器在理论上可实现高速工作.光导天线具有超快的响应速度,可实现常温和宽谱探测;肖特基势垒二极管混频器、超导-绝缘体-超导混频器和超导热电子混频器具有转换效率高、噪声低等优点,可用于高速THz空间外差和直接探测;基于高迁移率二维电子气的天线耦合场效应晶体管灵敏度高、阻抗低,可实现常温高速THz探测;THz量子阱探测器是一种基于子带间跃迁原理的单极器件,非常适合高频和高速探测应用,亚波长金属微腔耦合机理可显著提高器件的工作温度及光子吸收效率.本文对上述几种高速THz探测器进行了综述并分析了各种探测器的优缺点.     

Properties of terahertz wave generated by the metallic carbon nanotube antenna

The properties of terahertz (THz) radiation pulses emitted by a metallic, large aspect ratio carbon nanotube antenna have been studied both in the THz waveforms and field distribution. The peak THz field up to 2.66 and 1.26 kV/cm are observed at the probe points. The proposed antenna is designed to operate for dual frequency applications from 2.36 to 2.58 THz and from 7.27 to 7.5 THz for less than -10 dB return loss.     

THz波在金属镀层空芯波导中传输的理论和实验研究

本文基于微扰法求得不同金属镀层空心圆波导中各模式的损耗系数,对金属镀层空芯波导中THz波传输损耗随金属材料、波导结构等参数的变化关系进行了数值模拟.根据数值分析结果,优化设计并拉制了内径为1.1 mm的镀银空芯波导,实验测得当THz波的频率为2.5 THz时,传输损耗为8.6 dB/m,实现了THz波短距离的有效传输. 关键词： 太赫兹波 金属空芯波导 传输损耗     

Fast continuous terahertz wave imaging system for security

Continuous terahertz wave (CW THz) has been widely used in imaging field. However, the speed of imaging calls for an improvement for security screening since the speed of previous CW imaging systems which scan point to point is too slow to be applied in security field. To increase the imaging speed, we proposed a fast CW-THz imaging system in which a galvanometer is introduced. The galvanometer makes the beams reflected in different angles by vibrating at a certain frequency which can significantly decrease the image acquisition time compared to traditional CW-THz imaging system. Furthermore, the system is compact due to source and detector of small size. Examples of measurements of concealed weapons are presented and discussed. Ideal results of better resolution are obtained.     

Terahertz polarization imaging with birefringent materials

We present a terahertz (THz) imaging method with a birefringent material which is sensitive to THz wave polarization. The subtle THz polarization modulations introduced by the target are extracted by the amplitudes of the two separated THz peaks passing through the birefringent material. The anisotropy of the industrial sprayed-on-foam-insulation (SOFI) is characterized by measuring its azimuthal angle dependent THz polarization response. This work demonstrated that this polarization sensitive THz imaging technique can be used for industrial inspection and biological related characterization.     

Terahertz-wave generation in a conventional optical fiber

We theoretically propose surface-emitted and collinear phase-matched terahertz (THz)-wave generation in a conventional optical fiber. The third-order nonlinear effect, four-wave mixing (FWM), is used to generate THz waves in an optical fiber. Surface-emitted THz-wave generation via FWM is realized using a single-mode fiber. Perfect phase matching is obtained at ~800 nm and 1.5 microm pumping, and it follows that third-order polarization in an optical fiber has the same phase at any point. In this situation, the optical fiber acts like a phased array antenna of the THz wave. Collinear phase-matching THz waves are obtained under the same conditions as for surface-emitted THz waves, and the THz wave is propagated in the silica cladding of the optical fiber. This is a promising method for realizing a reasonable THz-wave source.