智能车转向系统的研究及设计

智能车的底层控制主要包括油门、刹车和转向三部分。转向部分主要以电子式助力转向系统(EPS)为基础进行设计。电子控制式电动助力转向系统具有较好的操纵性、安全性、轻便性以及节能性等优点。然而,传统汽车上应用的助力转向系统仅起到辅助作用,对于无人驾驶的智能车来说功率过小,无法实现智能车在静止或者低速行驶时的转向控制,并且智能车的转向控制策略也有所不同。通过选择合理的转向电机、合适的传感器,设计了一套适合智能车的转向系统。通过反复试验,该转向系统可以很好的实现智能车转向控制。     

An active lateral suspension to a track/vehicle system using stochastic optimal control

An active suspension design to improve lateral ride quality and stability in a track/vehicle system subject to lateral track irregularity is presented. The measurement of the state variables is performed in a noisy environment, and unknown state variables of the system are estimated from the measurement data by using a Kalman filter. It is assumed that the lateral track irregularity and measurement noise are Gaussian random processes, respectively. The optimal control for the active suspension is determined by minimizing the quadratic performance index composed of the state variables and control efforts, and then the active suspension structure has a cascade feedback loop composed of the Kalman filter and the optimal controller. The numerical results indicate that the proposed active suspension provides much improved lateral ride quality and stability.     

Optimal control of structures with semiactive-tuned mass dampers

In this paper, the optimal performance of a magnetorheological (MR) damper which is used in a tuned mass damper in reducing the peak responses of a single-degree-of-freedom structure subjected to a broad class of seismic inputs including the harmonic, pulse, artificially generated and recorded earthquake excitations are studied. The optimal semiactive control strategy minimizes an integral norm of the main structure squared absolute accelerations subject to the constraint that the non-linear equations of motion are satisfied and is determined through a numerical solution to the Euler-Lagrange equations. The optimal performance evaluated for an MR damper is compared to an equivalent passive-tuned mass damper with optimized stiffness and damping coefficients. It is shown numerically that the optimal performance of the MR damper is always better than the equivalent passive-tuned mass damper for all the investigated cases and the MR damper has a great potential in suppressing structural vibrations over a wide range of seismic inputs.     

基于GPS的物流车辆智能监控系统设计

为对物流车辆进行精准定位、检测和实时跟踪,需要物流车辆智能监控系统设计。当前使用的监控系统,在物流车辆进行运输的过程中,有遮挡物出现时无法精准的对物流车辆进行定位,当物流车辆停放在室内停车场时可能出现定位不到物流车辆的情况。为此,提出一种基于GPS的物流车辆智能监控系统设计方案。该系统硬件部分包括：GPS车载终端、监控中心服务器群和控制终端三部分,同时将全球定位系统与地理道路信息相结合,利用联通网络与国际互联网传输相关信息;系统软件部分使用联通分组通信技术,通过GIS软件与管理信息系统进行无缝连接,并由单片机S3C2440A向GPS模块发送控制中心下达指令,GPS接收指令并给予反馈,通过有效的分析反馈结果来提高监控终端的运行速度、稳定性以及精准度;GPS定位功能采用TDOA算法对物流车辆进行定位。实验证明,所提系统可以对物流车辆精准定位、实时监测和有效跟踪。     

Synthesis of the vehicle suspension parameters

Methods of statistical dynamics are used to determine the values of the parameters of a vehicle suspension system which satisfy a general performance criterion. It is shown that the characteristic of the damping element must be essentially nonlinear in order to satisfy various motion conditions. A method for determining such a characteristic is given.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol.15, No. 3, pp. 474–479, March, 1972.     

物联网嵌入式智能设备实时控制系统设计

随着智能设备功能业务的逐渐扩展,用户对智能设备控制系统的实时性要求越来越高,当前控制系统采用CAN技术实现智能设备与用户间的通信,无法满足用户对系统实时性的需求。提出一种新的物联网嵌入式智能设备实时控制系统,通过构建系统的总体框架,将嵌入式LPC2378 ARM处理器作为核心处理器,通过RS-485总线将智能设备连接在一起,和处理器构成一个总线传输网络,在嵌入式LPC2378 ARM处理器中,将带DMA的10/100M以太网模块和以太网PHY芯片DP83848I连接,以提高数据包的传输效率,增强系统的实时性。系统GPRS模块选择SIM300CZ模块,将远程报警模块和RS-485总线结合在一起,共同实现远程报警和控制功能。软件设计时,给出了软件的整体架构和总体流程图,介绍了部分存储代码。实验结果表明,所设计系统对智能设备有很高的控制性能。     

基于GSM的智能空调控制系统设计

为了实现空调的智能控制,在分析空调控制系统不足的基础上,利用AT89S52单片机和GSM通信技术,设计了一款智能空调控制系统。设计了硬件系统和软件系统,该系统具备自动抽湿、补湿、净化室内空气和远程控制等功能。通过KEIL C软件编写、调试程序,并通过PROTUES进行仿真,验证了该设计方案的可行性。结果表明基于GSM的智能空调控制系统很好实现了自动抽湿、补湿、净化室内空气和GSM远程控制功能,具有较高社会应用价值。     

混合动力电动汽车发动机转速智能控制系统设计

发动机是混合动力电动汽车动力设备的心脏,为了保证混合动力电动汽车可以快速稳定地运行,需要对其转速智能控制系统进行设计。使用当前控制系统智能控制混合动力电动汽车发动机转速时,无法快速检测到发动机转速,难以达到最佳的智能控制结果。为此,本文提出一种基于软切换的Bang Bang－神经网络PID的混合动力电动汽车发动机转速智能控制系统设计方法。混合动力电动汽车发动机转速智能控制系统以Mcs一51系列8751单片机为核心系统,检测混合动力电动汽车发动机转速的数字信号,同时控制D/A模拟信号的输出,并在LED显示器上显示发动机转速数字信号,以PWM调制器放大混合动力电动汽车启动时发动机产生的PWM波,将放大后的PWM波供给电力发动机,再以分频填充脉冲装置测量混合动力电动汽车发动机转速,通过Bang Bang－神经网络PID算法计算出混合动力电动汽车发动机转速误差,达到实时控制混合动力电动汽车发动机转速的效果。实验仿真证明,所提设计方法保证了发动机转速的快速性和平稳性。     

运载火箭控制系统的BIT设计与实现

根据拓扑性质知觉原理,视觉原语是从整体到局部,拓扑感知优先。根据此仿生原理,建立感知目标物的形状拓扑信息的数学模型。首先提取物体三维轮廓信息;将空间图形轮廓降维映射到二维投影平面中进行处理;建立提取空间图形拓扑特征的数学模型。将轮廓拓扑空间同胚映射到(Hausdorf或度量空间或)二维投影平面,保持了拓扑不变性,因此便于分析出拓扑特征,可继续应用拓扑映射原理,分析点集拓扑。最终,拓扑特征与知识库模型相匹配,识别出物体。     

串级二极管悬浮电极支撑控制系统的研制

串级二极管悬浮电极支撑控制系统主要包括支撑结构、驱动电路和同步控制三部分。支撑结构采用基于电磁铁工作原理的支撑针,对悬浮电极进行三点定位;驱动控制采用高压脉冲电容放电驱动螺线电磁铁,使电磁铁支撑针在5 ms内移动30 mm,悬浮电极在撤去支撑的5 ms内自由落体125 m;同步控制采用螺线电磁铁线圈信号作为同步控制初始信号,对该信号延时5 ms,触发闪光二号的前级触发源,启动闪光二号主机工作,实现螺线电磁铁与闪光二号主机的同步。使用该套支撑控制系统用于串级二极管前期研究,初步实现了两级间隙串联工作。     

基于FPGA的智能建筑湿度检测控制系统设计

在信息化社会,智能建筑越来越多的被提及,智能建筑是指对建筑内外信息交换、舒适性、便利性和节能性的要求;建筑物室内湿度是人们在其中生活、工作、生产的重要考量因素;而随着技术发展,以高效稳定的FPGA芯片为核心的控制系统开始向智能建筑领域应用部署;因此文章提出并设计了基于FPGA的智能建筑湿度检测控制系统方案;文中采用硬件分析和软件设计相结合的方法;硬件分析需要对系统做一个整体把握并寻找经济实惠、稳定可靠的芯片,硬件的可靠是系统稳定工作的前提;软件设计需要将系统的工作方式和实际可能遇到的问题考虑进去,提高系统的容错能力;最后软硬结合并实验实践操作验证系统的可靠性;在实验结果中,该系统可以有效的调节室内的湿度并根据遇到的问题发出警告提示;得出结论,以FPGA控制器为核心的系统,可以担起智能建筑的湿度检测控制任务,并稳定工作。     

基于几何控制的公路施工智能监控系统设计

为了更好的保证公路施工质量,保障施工人员的生命财产安全,建设平安和谐社会,为广大群众提供一个便利、舒适、安全地空间,需要对公路施工监控系统进行设计。当前的公路施工监控系统设计方法是利用图像处理板对其进行监控,监控过程中图像处理板的体积太大,没有设置隐蔽性屏障,导致监控盲点多,存在监控整体性能低,监控系统效果差的问题。为此,提出一种基于几何控制的公路施工智能监控系统设计方法。该方法首先确定公路施工监控类型,并对公路施工监控系统进行构造,然后以公路施工监控系统的构造为基础,利用编码感知路由,将各个终端监控的数据信息传输至监控系统中心,最后采用蛇形时隙数据存储算法将公路施工终端的监控信息数据全部存储,由此完成对公路施工的智能监控的系统设计。实验结果证明,所提方法可以对公路施工进行全方位,安全可靠地智能监控,减少了突发事件发生处理时间和监控盲点,增加了公路施工速度,更大程度地保障了施工人员的人身安全,为该领域的研究发展提供了强有力的依据。     

Dynamic response and robust control of coupled maglev vehicle and guideway system

This study develops a computational model of the dynamic characteristics of the actively controlled, magnetically levitated (maglev) system moving on a flexible guideway. The 5-dof (degree-of-freedom) vehicle model, the modeling of the EMS (electromagnetic suspension), guideway, and guideway irregularity are described, respectively. In this sense, the dynamic response of a coupled vehicle and guideway system is investigated with different vehicle speeds and masses. Furthermore, the formulation of SMC (sliding mode control) based on the Kalman filter is addressed for the control of the dynamic response of the maglev system for various prescribed running speeds. For numerical simulation, the Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the state-space equation, which includes information about the vehicle, guideway and controller. The results reveal that both the air gap fluctuation and the cabin CG (center of gravity) vertical acceleration are strongly affected by the vehicle speed and guideway irregularity, but only slightly affected by the vehicle mass. Moreover, SMC based on the Kalman filter considerably reduces the air gap fluctuation and cabin CG vertical acceleration responses, and the efficiency of the adopted control methodology is demonstrated even at higher critical speed conditions.     

车辆特性与ABS控制算法的适应性研究

针对车辆防抱死制动系统(ABS)控制算法的选择及适用问题,提出控制算法的选择应与车辆结构及实际性能要求相结合的方法,可以充分发挥不同ABS控制算法的优越性。使用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件建立车辆单轮制动模型,针对不同的初始制动车速和质心位置向后移动两种情况,分别采用变结构滑模控制和PID控制进行了制动过程的模拟与研究。仿真结果表明,当车辆结构及制动条件发生变化时,两种控制方式都能很好的完成制动,且各有优点,可以满足不同制动性能的需求。     

基于智能控制的制冷系统的节能优化研究

建立了小型冷库制冷系统的数学模型,搭建了小型冷库制冷系统试验台,对基于智能控制的制冷系统的节能优化效果进行了实验研究。实验值与模拟值的变化趋势一致,表明了控制系统良好的控制性和跟踪性。实验结果还表明,基于智能控制的制冷系统在变频情况下要比定频情况下节能10%左右,而且在变负荷情况下具有良好的调节性能。     

The optimization of mechanical dampers to control self-excited galloping oscillations

The use of mechanical dampers for the control of the self-excited galloping of transmission lines is considered. Two particular dampers, an in-span damper and a resilient mounting, are studied, two mass representations being used. For both dampers it is possible to produce an optimum damper either by maximizing the negative damping excitation that the damped system can withstand, or by choosing the smaller logarithmic decrement of oscillation of the system to be as large as possible in the absence of excitation. These two procedures do not produce the same damper parameters. Simple analytical expressions are produced for the optimum parameters, and these are shown to agree well with numerically optimized parameters. For the in-span damper, either method of optimization gives a damper for a much wider range of ratios of the damper to conductor masses than is predicted by earlier work. For the resilient mounting the optimization based on damping gives very similar behaviour to that of the in-span damper. When aerodynamic excitation is considered for the resilient mounting, a clear optimum exists only for a small range of mass ratios. Results from a representation of the conductor by a stretched string are used to define the range of mass ratios over which the two-mass damper idealizations may be used to define damper properties.     

Reduction of bridge dynamic amplification through adjustment of vehicle suspension damping

This paper presents a novel approach to the reduction of short-span bridge dynamic responses to heavy vehicle crossing events. The reductions are achieved through adjustment of the vehicle suspension damping coefficient just before the crossing. Given pre-calculations of the response of a vehicle-bridge system to a set of ‘unit’ road disturbances, it is shown that a single optimum damping coefficient may be determined for a given velocity and any specified road profile. This approach can facilitate implementation since the optimum damping is selected prior to the bridge and there is no need to continuously vary the damping coefficient during the crossing. The concept is numerically validated using a bridge-vehicle interaction model with several road profiles, both measured and artificially generated. The bridge-friendly damping control strategy is shown to reduce bridge dynamics across a typical range of vehicle velocities, proving most effective for road profiles that induce large vibrations in the vehicle-bridge system.     

Behavior of nonlinear fluid viscous dampers for control of shock vibrations

Fluid viscous dampers have been widely used for suppression of high velocity shocks. While linear fluid viscous dampers have been used for a long time, nonlinear fluid viscous dampers show considerable promise due to their superior energy dissipation characteristics and significant reduction in the damper force compared to a linear fluid viscous damper for the same peak displacement. This paper presents results from experimental study to characterize fluid viscous dampers when subjected to half-cycle sine shock excitation. The mathematical formulation and a numerical study to evaluate the relative performance of structures with fluid viscous dampers subjected to short-duration shock (impulse) loading are also discussed. The influence of damper nonlinearity (α) and the supplemental damping ratio (ξ_sd) on response has been investigated. The supplemental damping ratio of nonlinear fluid viscous dampers when subjected to shock excitation is found by equivalent linearization using the concept of equal energy dissipation. The paper also presents some design charts, which can be used for preliminary decisions on parameters of nonlinear dampers to be used in design.     

双向两车道混合车辆交通流的特性

在NaSch模型的基础上，制订了超车规则，建立了双向两车道混合车辆的元胞自动机交通流模型. 用计算机模拟了车道密度对称和不对称两种情况下不同参数的混合车辆交通流，得出了相应的速度、流量与密度关系的基本图. 经分析发现，双向两车道混合车辆交通状态可分为快车特性区、准慢车特性区和慢车特性区；两车道上车辆密度的不对称性对交通流有重要的影响. 关键词： 元胞自动机 交通流 混合车辆交通流