Coherent beam combining of two W-level fiber amplifiers in turbulence atmospheric environment based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm

We demonstrate coherent beam combining of two W-level fiber amplifiers based on stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm at 8 m distance in a simulated turbulence atmospheric environment. A photodetector was used to get the coherent optical intensity of the main-lobe from a pinhole, based on the intensity and the SPGD algorithm, the phase controlling was performed by the digital signal processor. In order to simulate the atmospheric environment, turbulence was induced in the free space of the light path by fans and air-conditions in the lab. Experimental result shows that the system performs well for long-time both with and without the simulating turbulence in close-loop, combining efficiency as high as 84.25% with turbulence and 84.85% without turbulence were realized. Visibility increased from near zero in open-loop to 0.432 with turbulence and 0.505 without turbulence in close-loop and the residual phase error is controlled to be less than λ/18. The probability of energy encircled in the main-lobe to be more than 70% of its ideal value was increased from 18.66 to 93.71% without turbulence and from 14.80 to 92.49% with turbulence when the system evolves from open-loop to close-loop.     

基于随机并行梯度下降算法的光束相干合成技术

介绍了随机并行梯度下降算法的基本原理,对算法流程进行了仿真验证,并对其中随机扰动幅度和增益系数两个关键参数进行了仿真分析。分析结果表明,这两个参数存在一个最适区间,只有在此区间内取值时算法才能有效收敛。以仿真分析为依据开展了光纤激光的相干合成实验,结果表明光束相干合成效果显著,有效地验证了仿真分析的结果。     

Coherent beam combination of two slab laser amplifiers based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm

Coherent beam combination(CBC) of laser arrays is an efficient way to scale brightness.We demonstrate CBC of two slab laser amplifiers based on active phase locking.Instead of the complex phase detection system,intensity detection is used and the feedback control signal is calculated based on the stochastic parallel gradient descent(SPGD) algorithm.The experimental investigation on a 101.5-W CBC of two slab amplifiers shows that the entire system in a closed loop performs well for long-time observation.A combination efficiency of nearly 81% is realized.The slab amplifier laser arrays are the coherent beams efficiently combined by active phase locking based on the SPGD.     

基于随机并行梯度下降算法的多波长激光相干合成

由于受到受激布里渊散射(SBS)等非线性效应的限制,单频激光放大器的功率在百瓦量级,以非单频激光多波长激光作为种子源能够有效地抑制SBS并提高放大器功率.与单频激光相干合成相比,非单频率、多波长激光的相干合成有望将输出激光功率成量级地提高.基于随机并行梯度下降(stochastic parallel gradient descent,SPGD)算法,实现了四波长激光的相干合成.在系统闭环时,四路多波长激光合成后的主瓣能量能够提高3倍,达到理想值的75%.验证了多波长、非单频激光相干合成的可行性,为高功率相干合成的发展提供了新的途径.     

Bandwidth analysis and improvement of the beam phasing of fiber amplifiers using the stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm

We present the numerical analysis and improvement of the bandwidth of the beam phasing of fiber amplifiers using the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. Time-varying phase distortions are incorporated into the dynamic simulation. It is shown by numerical calculation that the bandwidth of the standard SPGD algorithm is dependent on the phase distortions and on the number of lasers. The time-averaged cost function will decrease with an increase in the amplitude and frequency of phase distortions, and in the number of lasers. A cross-grouped SPGD algorithm is proposed, which offers attractive performance due to its robustness to various time-varying phase distortions and faster convergence rate for beam phasing of larger number of lasers. Dynamic simulation shows that the control bandwidth can be improved using the cross-grouped SPGD algorithm.     

基于并行梯度下降算法模拟高功率固体激光装置的相干合成

多路光的相干合成是高功率固体激光装置的关键技术之一。基于合成模型,对4组tilt/tip-piston镜采用并行梯度算法,通过模拟计算实现了光束间的位相锁定和相干合成。结果表明有限次算法迭代次数内,相干合成时远场焦斑10 μm半径范围内的强度比约为非相干合成时的4倍。基于高频响应驱动器和对应的高速控制算法将有可能实现高功率固体激光装置多路输出光束间的相干合成。     

基于并行梯度下降算法模拟高功率固体激光装置的相干合成

 多路光的相干合成是高功率固体激光装置的关键技术之一。基于合成模型,对4组tilt/tip-piston镜采用并行梯度算法,通过模拟计算实现了光束间的位相锁定和相干合成。结果表明有限次算法迭代次数内,相干合成时远场焦斑10 μm半径范围内的强度比约为非相干合成时的4倍。基于高频响应驱动器和对应的高速控制算法将有可能实现高功率固体激光装置多路输出光束间的相干合成。     

Multimode fiber laser beam cleanup based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm

We present experimental research on multimode fiber laser beam cleanup based on a stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. The multimode laser is obtained by injecting a 1064 nm central wavelength single mode fiber laser into a multimode fiber and the system is setup by using phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLM). The quality evaluation function is increased by a factor of 10.5 and 65% of the laser energy is encircled in the central lobe when the system evolves from open-loop into close-loop state. Experimental results indicate the feasibility of the multimode fiber laser beam cleanup by adaptive optics (AO).     

Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers

We demonstrate coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers seeded by a common oscillator. Using a feedback loop based on an electro-optic phase modulator, an average power of 7.2?W before compression is obtained with a combining efficiency of 90%. The spatial and temporal qualities of the oscillator are retained, with a recombined pulse width of 325?fs. This experiment opens up a way to scale the peak/average power of ultrafast fiber sources.     

模拟退火算法光纤放大器相干合成

提出了利用模拟退火算法实现相干合成的思路。对利用模拟退火算法实现多路光纤放大器相干合成进行了数值模拟,验证了方法的有效性,并分析了算法收敛速度与合成光束数目的关系。进行了两路W量级光纤放大器相干合成的实验,结果表明,模拟退火算法能够有效控制各路光纤激光的相位,系统闭环将目标圆孔内的能量提高了1.8倍,并使得目标圆孔内能量大于理想值80%的概率从19.4%提升到了51.3%,取得了较为明显的相干合成效果。     

模拟退火算法光纤放大器相干合成

提出了利用模拟退火算法实现相干合成的思路。对利用模拟退火算法实现多路光纤放大器相干合成进行了数值模拟,验证了方法的有效性,并分析了算法收敛速度与合成光束数目的关系。进行了两路W量级光纤放大器相干合成的实验,结果表明,模拟退火算法能够有效控制各路光纤激光的相位,系统闭环将目标圆孔内的能量提高了1.8倍,并使得目标圆孔内能量大于理想值80 %的概率从19.4 %提升到了51.3 %,取得了较为明显的相干合成效果。     

随机并行梯度下降算法在激光束整形中的应用

为了满足高光束质量要求,校正激光束在传输过程中产生的波前畸变,改善激光位相分布,进而提高聚焦光斑的能量集中度,基于79单元微机械薄膜变形镜（MMDM）搭建了一套激光束整形实验系统。利用随机并行梯度下降（SPGD）算法,分别选择聚焦光斑半径、形心为中心的环围能量比和质心为中心的环围能量比作为算法性能指标,开展了激光束整形实验研究。3种情况下,分别经过58次、197次、133次迭代趋于收敛,但光斑半径作为性能指标时振荡严重;环围能量比从整形前的0.200 5、0.127 7、0.200 5分别增加到整形后的0.669 9、0.733 9、0.864 0。实验结果表明：MMDM用于激光束整形具有良好的效果,光斑半径作为性能指标整形速度最快,其次为质心环围能量比,形心环围能量比最慢;质心环围能量比作为性能指标整形效果最好,其次为形心环围能量比,光斑半径最差。综合比较,质心环围能量比作为性能指标时综合效果最好。     

基于随机并行梯度下降算法光纤激光相干合成的高精度相位控制系统

随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法是实现大功率主振荡功率放大器相干合成的有效手段之一.分析了SPGD算法用于相干合成的基本原理,设计了基于SPGD算法的相位控制系统,给出了基于该SPGD控制器的相干合成实验结果.理论分析表明,SPGD算法控制器的迭代速率为200kHz,对于两路相干合成的平均控制带宽大于12.5kHz,最优控制精度可达1/179个波长.实验表明,SPGD控制器能够实现高速的相位控制.在相位噪声幅度大于1/10个波长、频率为3kHz的情况下,有效地实现了两路激光的相位锁定,相位残差控制在1/25个波长内.     

Coherent beam combining and phase noise measurements of ytterbium fiber amplifiers

Phase noise characterization of a 10-W Yb fiber amplifier is presented, and we demonstrate phase locking of two fiber amplifiers with near-perfect fringe contrast at power levels of as much as 10 W per fiber. Coherent beam combining is maintained during the turn-on transient as well as in thermal steady-state operation.     

Passive coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers

We propose and demonstrate an architecture that achieves passive coherent combination of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers. The setup consists in the use of a well-balanced amplifying Sagnac interferometer. The experiment shows that the temporal, spectral, and spatial qualities of each beam are retained, with the generation of 250?fs pulses at 35?MHz repetition rate, an uncompressed average power of 10?W, and a combining efficiency of 96%. The behavior of this architecture in the presence of high accumulated nonlinear phase is investigated.     

基于Zernike模式的随机并行梯度下降算法的收敛速率

为了加快控制变形镜进行波前整形的随机并行梯度下降（SPGD）算法的收敛速率,提高实时波前整形能力,本文利用由12阶Zernike多项式构成的畸变波前和32单元变形镜建立了仿真模型。基于Zernike多项式的单位正交性,得到了两个常数矩阵,当斯特列尔比（SR）达到0.8时,需要算法迭代660次,简化了算法的运算过程,加快了算法运行时间。通过Matlab7.8.0对6种SPGD算法进行仿真对比,结果显示：当SR要求不高时,可使用间接固定双边SPGD算法来提高收敛速度;当SR要求较高时,则应当使用间接自动双边SPGD算法。提出的算法为实际的激光整形提供了理论指导。     

LaB6在低压强氮气和氦气中的放电特性

研究了LaB6在1~10 Pa氮气和氦气中的直流和脉冲放电特性以及放电过程对电极的影响。结果表明，电极直径为5 mm的LaB6氦气放电管在脉冲工作状态下可以长期稳定放电。在脉冲电压为2.2 kV、脉冲宽度10 ms、频率13.3 Hz下，脉冲峰值放电电流超过120 A。氦气放电管在放电过程中，阴极表面有离子的清洗和活化作用，可以使电极的表面逸出功降低，提高放电管的发射能力和稳定性。LaB6作为气体放电电极具有寿命长、延迟时间短、放电电流大等优点，可用于重复强流脉冲气体放电的高压高速开关器件。     

三路掺镱光纤放大器的相干合成实验研究

光纤激光相干合成技术是实现高功率、高亮度光纤激光系统的重要技术途径。采用主振荡并联放大器（MOPA）方案对三路掺镱光纤放大器进行实时相位探测与校正,其中每路光纤放大器的输出功率大于等于1 W,三路总功率大于等于3 W。采用铌酸锂光纤相位调制器,外差法系统的移频量为40 MHz,相位探测与校正精度优于l/20,整个光路为全保偏光路。实验分别给出了两路和三路光纤放大器的相干合成结果。系统开环时,远场光斑为动态、模糊干涉条纹,条纹可见度为7%和6%;系统闭环运行时,远场光斑为稳定、高对比度干涉条纹,条纹可见度有大幅度提高,达到44%和48%。这表明闭环控制使两路和三路光纤激光的相位变化得到了有效补偿,系统实现了相位锁定运行和高相干度合成输出。     

随机并行梯度下降算法性能与变形镜排布规律的关系研究

对随机并行梯度下降算法(SPGD)性能与不同变形镜排布规律的关系进行了研究。以采用Roddier方法生成的由52项Zernike像差构成的畸变波前为整形对象,对SPGD算法的收敛速率和整形效果与变形镜排布规律(单元数分别为19、21、32、37、45、60、61、77、91)之间的关系进行了仿真研究。结果表明:从整体分析,随着变形镜单元数逐渐增多,SPGD算法的收敛速率和整形效果均逐渐变差;从局部分析,由于变形镜元胞类型变化和边缘占空比的影响,在渐变规律中产生了局部差异。