Increasing the frequency resolution in the processing of acoustic signals by sliding complex weighted averaging

We investigated the possibilities of estimating the transient impedance of an emitter and receiver in a free field, and we present our results, which are based on sliding complex weighted averaging of the frequency dependence of emitter and receiver’s transient impedance in a nonanechoic bath. We show that the procedure makes it possible to reduce reflection effects and to form free-field conditions in baths with various reflections that differ sharply in shape and many times in size. We suggest a procedure of repeat use of sliding complex weighted averaging together with spectrometry of reflection functions, which makes it possible to increase the frequency resolution of the method.     

A weighted least squares method for circle fitting to frequency response data

Despite the recent development of powerful multi-degree of freedom curve fitting programs the advent of the microcomputer has meant that there is still scope for improvement of simpler single degree of freedom models. A weighted least squares curves fitting method, based on a well known conformal mapping, is described. This method is shown to have important theoretical advantages over some established methods.     

北斗用户机复杂电磁环境适应性试验评估方法

为精确评价北斗用户机复杂电磁环境适应能力, 在分析北斗用户机工作机理及易攻击性的基础上, 构建了北斗用户机面临的战场复杂电磁环境, 进行了电磁干扰对北斗用户机信号捕获、跟踪环节影响的仿真和评估方法研究, 得到了某型北斗用户机定位成功率和通信成功率与电磁环境复杂度的关系, 对北斗用户机的推广应用具有重要的借鉴意义。     

A novel power spectrum calculation method using phase-compensation and weighted averaging for the estimation of ultrasound attenuation

An estimation of ultrasound attenuation in soft tissues is critical in the quantitative ultrasound analysis since it is not only related to the estimations of other ultrasound parameters, such as speed of sound, integrated scatterers, or scatterer size, but also provides pathological information of the scanned tissue. However, estimation performances of ultrasound attenuation are intimately tied to the accurate extraction of spectral information from the backscattered radiofrequency (RF) signals. In this paper, we propose two novel techniques for calculating a block power spectrum from the backscattered ultrasound signals. These are based on the phase-compensation of each RF segment using the normalized cross-correlation to minimize estimation errors due to phase variations, and the weighted averaging technique to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The simulation results with uniform numerical phantoms demonstrate that the proposed method estimates local attenuation coefficients within 1.57% of the actual values while the conventional methods estimate those within 2.96%. The proposed method is especially effective when we deal with the signal reflected from the deeper depth where the SNR level is lower or when the gated window contains a small number of signal samples. Experimental results, performed at 5 MHz, were obtained with a one-dimensional 128 elements array, using the tissue-mimicking phantoms also show that the proposed method provides better estimation results (within 3.04% of the actual value) with smaller estimation variances compared to the conventional methods (within 5.93%) for all cases considered.     

频率自适应最优权重阵列干涉条纹处理技术

考虑长基线水平阵列波束形成对声场模态呈现的滤波特征,建立了一种随频率改变滤波通带的阵列权矢量设计方法。基于简正波理论,结合声场波束形成特点,在分析了常规波束形成信号LOFAR谱图干涉条纹的清晰度和条纹结构不同于单水听器输出信号条纹现象基础上,采用线性等式约束的二次优化模型,给出了一种频率自适应的最优权重估计。数值仿真验证和试验数据分析表明,利用该方法设计的最优权重阵列波束处理,可以滤波出SRBR(Surface-Reflected Bottom-Reflected)或N-SRBR(Non-Surface-Reflected Bottom-Reflected)模态组成的波束形成信号,信号谱图干涉条纹斜率与理论分析基本一致。     

一种应用于心磁噪声抑制的选择性平均方法研究

在心磁信号探测中, 抑制环境噪声是提取心磁信号的关键. 为了提高心磁信号的信噪比, 信号平均得到了广泛地使用. 然而, 由于局部干扰噪声的存在, 对整段数据进行平均的传统方法不可避免地会带来心磁信号的失真. 本文通过采取模版匹配的方式, 提出了一种选择性平均方法. 结果显示, 本方法能有效剔除带有低频波动、脉冲毛刺等干扰的数据段, 获取高质量的平均心磁信号. 关键词： 心磁 信号平均 噪声抑制 信噪比     

Nonlinear frequency response of a moving grating with an applied field in bismuth silicon oxide

A fully nonlinear frequency response of a moving grating in bismuth silicon oxide, including the effects of an applied electric field, is modeled by solution of the time-dependent Kukhtarev equations for photorefractive materials. The numerical results are used to define fully the nonlinear response function F(m)=a(-1)[1-exp(-am)], where m is the modulation index in the intensity pattern, to yield the unknown quantity a over a broad range of detuning frequencies f . For low f, the response is superlinear with a<0, and for relatively large f it is sublinear with a>0 . In the midrange we predict, for the first time to our knowledge, a characteristic frequency f(l) at which a=0 and the response is linear, that is, F(m) approximately m, despite the presence of nonlinearly generated higher harmonics of the fundamental grating wave number. In view of this linear behavior, writing a hologram at the linear-response frequency f(l) might permit a more faithful reproduction of an object than that which is possible by writing at the frequency of maximum response at the resonance.     

复杂环境下运动目标偏振成像检测方法研究

针对低对比度、低信噪比等复杂环境下运动目标检测失检率较高的问题,提出了基于稳定性主成分寻踪的运动目标偏振成像检测方法。首先将预处理后的连续帧偏振图像组合成一个矩阵,依据帧间图像信息相关性,建立了稳定性主成分寻踪数学模型,将该矩阵分解成低秩、稀疏,噪声三部分,其中稀疏矩阵包含了帧间目标信息;再以低秩矩阵核范数与稀疏矩阵1范数的和为目标函数,利用增广拉格朗日乘子法求得目标函数值最小时的稀疏矩阵;最后采用马尔科夫随机场滤除稀疏矩阵中的噪声。实验结果表明,该方法对复杂环境有很好的适应能力,且检测准确率优于其他算法。     

复杂环境下运动目标偏振成像检测方法研究

针对低对比度、低信噪比等复杂环境下运动目标检测失检率较高的问题,提出了基于稳定性主成分寻踪的运动目标偏振成像检测方法。首先将预处理后的连续帧偏振图像组合成一个矩阵,依据帧间图像信息相关性,建立了稳定性主成分寻踪数学模型,将该矩阵分解成低秩、稀疏,噪声三部分,其中稀疏矩阵包含了帧间目标信息;再以低秩矩阵核范数与稀疏矩阵1范数的和为目标函数,利用增广拉格朗日乘子法求得目标函数值最小时的稀疏矩阵;最后采用马尔科夫随机场滤除稀疏矩阵中的噪声。实验结果表明,该方法对复杂环境有很好的适应能力,且检测准确率优于其他算法。     

Calculating frequency response functions for uncertain systems using complex affine analysis

This paper is concerned with the effect of parametric uncertainty upon the response of mechanical systems. Two uncertainty propagation techniques are employed and compared against a benchmark based upon randomly scanning input parameter ranges. The first technique, complex interval analysis, is computationally very efficient but suffers from the issue of dependency which may result in large overestimation of the system response. The second technique, namely complex affine analysis, is presented here for the first time and it keeps track of variable dependencies throughout the calculation thus limiting overestimation, albeit at some computational expense. The methods are demonstrated on the problem of calculation of the frequency response functions of a simple lumped mass system with uncertain parameters for purposes of transparency of the presented ideas, although these ideas are equally applicable to more complex systems. It transpired that the complex affine analysis performed significantly better than its interval counterpart.     

Vibration frequency of a curved blade with weighted edge

The natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes of a curved cylindrical blade with a weighted edge are investigated. A finite element method is used, in which curved cylindrical shell finite elements are utilized to model the blade. The weighted edge is modelled as a beam with its stiffness and mass added into the stiffness and mass of the blade. Vibration frequencies and mode shapes for blades with different boundary conditions and with different radii of curvature are obtained. Finite element results are compared with experimental results.     

Improved frequency response measurement method of half-wave voltage for phase modulator

In this paper, the improvement method of the traditional optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) is demonstrated to measure the half-wave voltage of LiNbO₃ phase modulator with low RF driving. Based on calculating the measured powers ratio of the carrier and first-order side band with optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), the phase modulation index is between 0.5 and 1.43 and the voltage of driving signal is lower than 0.796 V, the accurate characterization of the phase modulator is obtained. By using this method, the half-wave voltage of a LiNbO₃ phase modulator had been measured in the frequency range of 26 GHz. And, our experimental results showed a good agreement between the measured data and those provided by the manufacturer in 9 GHz frequency range. It is an accurate and easy method to measure the half-wave voltages of a phase modulators, especially for measuring high the frequency response.     

Photodetection of coherent radiation scattered by a moving diffusely-reflecting surface,by a finite-aperture receiver

The question of the effect of the dimensions and form of the receiver aperture on the spectral properties of the photocurrent in the case of photodetection of scattered coherent radiation is studied theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that this effect is essentially different in the near and far wave zones. Formulae are obtained for the photocurrent spectra for different dimensions of receiver apertures.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, No. 7, pp. 52–58, July, 1971.In conclusion, the authors have the pleasant task of acknowledging the assistance of E. P. Kuznetsov in preparing the experiment and of thanking I. P. Mazan'ko for his interest in the work and useful discussions.