The universal difference variety over \overline{\mathcal{M }}_g

We determine the Kodaira dimension of the Deligne–Mumford compactification \(\overline{\mathfrak{Diff }}_g\) of the universal difference variety over the moduli space of curves.     

Compactified Picard stacks over $${\overline{\mathcal M}_g}$$

We study algebraic (Artin) stacks over [`(M)]<sub>g</sub>{\overline{\mathcal M}_{g}} giving a functorial way of compactifying the relative degree d Picard variety for families of stable curves. We also describe for every d the locus of genus g stable curves over which we get Deligne–Mumford stacks strongly representable over[`(M)]_g{\overline{\mathcal M}_{g}} .     

Extremal effective divisors on \overline{\mathcal M}_{1,n}

For every \(n\ge 3\) , we exhibit infinitely many extremal effective divisors on \(\overline{\mathcal M}_{1,n}\) , the Deligne-Mumford moduli space parameterizing stable genus one curves with \(n\) ordered marked points.     

The rational cohomology of $${\overline{\mathcal{M}_4}}$$

We present two approaches to the study of the cohomology of moduli spaces of curves. Together, they allow us to compute the rational cohomology of the moduli space of stable complex curves of genus 4, with its Hodge structure.     

{\mathcal{F}}_\phi and {\mathcal{F}}_g Classes

In this paper we give a generalization of the Zhao F(p, q, s)-spaces by using operators instead of functions. In this way we unify and simplify several important results about the classic spaces D_p, Q_p{\mathcal{Q}}_{p} ,B^α, etc.     

Monotone hulls for {\mathcal {N}}\cap {\mathcal {M}}

Using the method of decisive creatures [see Kellner and Shelah (J Symb Log 74:73–104, 2009)] we show the consistency of “there is no increasing \(\omega _2\) –chain of Borel sets and \(\mathrm{non}({\mathcal N})= \mathrm{non}({\mathcal M})=\mathrm{non}({\mathcal N}\cap {\mathcal M})=\omega _2=2^\omega \) ”. Hence, consistently, there are no monotone Borel hulls for the ideal \({\mathcal M}\cap {\mathcal N}\) . This answers Balcerzak and Filipczak (Math Log Q 57:186–193, 2011 [Questions 23, 24]). Next we use finite support iteration of ccc forcing notions to show that there may be monotone Borel hulls for the ideals \({\mathcal M},{\mathcal N}\) even if they are not generated by towers.     

Moduli Spaces of Stable Polygons and Symplectic Structures on\overline {\mathcal{M}} _{0,n}

In this paper, certain natural and elementary polygonal objects in Euclidean space, the stable polygons, are introduced, and the novel moduli spaces of stable polygons are constructed as complex analytic spaces. Quite unexpectedly, these new moduli spaces are shown to be projective and isomorphic to the moduli space of the Deligne–Mumford stable curves of genus 0. Further, built into the structures of stable polygons are some natural data giving rise to a family of (classes of) symplectic (Kähler) forms. This, via the link to , brings up a new tool to study the Kähler topology of . A wild but precise conjecture on the shape of the Kähler cone of is given in the end.     

The Gorenstein conjecture fails for the tautological ring of \mathcal{\overline{M}}_{2,n}

We prove that for N equal to at least one of the integers 8, 12, 16, 20 the tautological ring $R^{\bullet}(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{2,N})$ is not Gorenstein. In fact, our N equals the smallest integer such that there is a non-tautological cohomology class of even degree on $\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{2,N}$ . By work of Graber and Pandharipande, such a class exists on $\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{2,20}$ , and we present some evidence indicating that N is in fact 20.     

Finite rank operators in Jacobson radical \mathcal{R}_{\mathcal{N} \otimes \mathcal{M}}

In this paper we investigate finite rank operators in the Jacobson radical of Alg( ), where are nests. Based on the concrete characterizations of rank one operators in Alg( ) and , we obtain that each finite rank operator in can be written as a finite sum of rank one operators in and the weak closure of equals Alg( ) if and only if at least one of is continuous.     

Codimension 1 Subvarieties of {\mathcal{M}_g } and Real Gonality of Real Curves

Let ${\mathcal{M}_g }$ be the moduli space of smooth complex projective curves of genus g. Here we prove that the subset of ${\mathcal{M}_g }$ formed by all curves for which some Brill-Noether locus has dimension larger than the expected one has codimension at least two in ${\mathcal{M}_g }$ . As an application we show that if ${X \in \mathcal{M}_g }$ is defined over $\mathbb{R}$ then there exists a low degree pencil ${u:X \to \mathbb{P}^1 }$ defined over $\mathbb{R}.$      

Scaling of conformal blocks and generalized theta functions over $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}$$

By way of intersection theory on \(\overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}\), we show that geometric interpretations for conformal blocks, as sections of ample line bundles over projective varieties, do not have to hold at points on the boundary. We show such a translation would imply certain recursion relations for first Chern classes of these bundles. While recursions can fail, geometric interpretations are shown to hold under certain conditions.     

The dual complex of {\overline{M}_{0,n}} via phylogenetics

The moduli space \({\overline{M}_{0,n}}\) of stable rational n-pointed curves has divisorial boundary with simple normal crossings. In this brief note I observe that the dual complex is a flag complex; that is, a collection of boundary divisors has nonempty intersection if and only if the pairwise intersections are nonempty. Rather than proving this directly, I translate the statement to a setting in phylogenetics, where it is widely used and multiple explicit proofs have been written. It appears that this result is known by experts but lacks a detailed reference in the literature, except recently for n = 7.     

Fixed points in {\mathcal{M}}-fuzzy metric spaces

In this paper, we give some common fixed point theorems for five mappings satisfying some conditions in -fuzzy metric spaces.     

Genus formula for modular curves of {\mathcal{D}}-elliptic sheaves

We prove a genus formula for modular curves of -elliptic sheaves. We use this formula to show that the reductions of modular curves of -elliptic sheaves attain the Drinfeld-Vladut bound as the degree of the discriminant of tends to infinity. Received: 14 October 2008 The author was supported in part by NSF grant DMS-0801208 and Humboldt Research Fellowship.     

Approximation of solution operators of elliptic partial differential equations by {\mathcal{H}}- and {\mathcal{H}^2}-matrices

We investigate the problem of computing the inverses of stiffness matrices resulting from the finite element discretization of elliptic partial differential equations. Since the solution operators are non-local, the inverse matrices will in general be dense, therefore representing them by standard techniques will require prohibitively large amounts of storage. In the field of integral equations, a successful technique for handling dense matrices efficiently is to use a data-sparse representation like the popular multipole method. In this paper we prove that this approach can be generalized to cover inverse matrices corresponding to partial differential equations by switching to data-sparse ${\mathcal{H}}$ - and ${\mathcal{H}^2}$ -matrices. The key results are existence proofs for local low-rank approximations of the solution operator and its discrete counterpart, which give rise to error estimates for ${\mathcal{H}}$ - and ${\mathcal{H}^2}$ -matrix approximations of the entire matrices.     

$${\mathcal{C}}_{0}$$ ( X)-algebras,stability and strongly self-absorbing $${\mathcal{C}}^{*}$$ -algebras

We study permanence properties of the classes of stable and so-called -stable -algebras, respectively. More precisely, we show that a (X)-algebra A is stable if all its fibres are, provided that the underlying compact metrizable space X has finite covering dimension or that the Cuntz semigroup of A is almost unperforated (a condition which is automatically satisfied for -algebras absorbing the Jiang–Su algebra tensorially). Furthermore, we prove that if is a K ₁-injective strongly self-absorbing -algebra, then A absorbs tensorially if and only if all its fibres do, again provided that X is finite-dimensional. This latter statement generalizes results of Blanchard and Kirchberg. We also show that the condition on the dimension of X cannot be dropped. Along the way, we obtain a useful characterization of when a -algebra with weakly unperforated Cuntz semigroup is stable, which allows us to show that stability passes to extensions of -absorbing -algebras. Research supported by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (through the SFB 478), by the EU-Network Quantum Spaces - Noncommutative Geometry (Contract No. HPRN-CT-2002-00280), and by the Center for Advanced Studies in Mathematics at Ben-Gurion University