基于MOOC的仪器分析课程混合教学模式探索与研究*

目前“互联网+”与传统教育的深度融合,给传统教育带来很大影响。针对仪器分析课程传统教学模式存在的不足,并结合学校建设“双一流”学科的计划,基于MOOC(massive open online course)和雨课堂,探索了仪器分析课程的翻转课堂混合式教学模式。首先分析目前仪器分析教学存在的问题,然后介绍如何建立仪器分析的MOOC,如何通过翻转课堂把MOOC和面授教学相结合,实现以学生学习为主体,提高学习成效,把学生培养成应用型和创新型人才。     

后MOOC时期高职分析化学混合式教学模式构建

为了全面提高后MOOC时期的高职院校分析化学课程教学质量，提出了基于SPOC的分析化学课程混合式教学模式。首先分析了高职学生的特点和分析化学课程教学中的主要问题；然后根据基于SPOC的混合式教学模式构建流程，依次阐述了课程分析、整体设计、资源开发、教学过程和评价考核设计的原则与思路；最后探讨了基于翻转课堂的分析化学课程混合式教学环境与实施过程。     

分析化学课程群建设探索

分析化学系列课程教学团队不断改进和探索新的教育教学模式。在课程教学中,实行线上线下混合+双语的教学模式,并将该学科中所蕴含的思政元素与课程内容相互渗透;依托MOOC和虚拟仿真教学项目开展分析化学实验课程教学,在提升学生专业知识水平和训练综合能力的基础上,厚植爱国情怀,并培养学生严谨求实的科学态度。     

“纤维化学与物理”课程混合教学模式的探索*

针对线上教学过程中师生面对面交流弱化,学生容易出现注意力不集中、知识点难以形象化等问题,遵从以学生为主、产出导向的教学理念,依托自建MOOC平台资源,打造“课前自学-线上教学-课后复习巩固”的三阶段混合教学模式。综合利用多种教学手段、资源,尝试翻转课堂,经过不断教学改革和实践达成教学目标,实现线上与线下教学质量的实质等效。学习成效在教学目标达成度、学生问卷调查和师生互动程度等3个方面得以体现,结果表明这种教学模式使得线上教学生动有趣,提高了学生学习积极性和注意力。     

无机元素化学的智慧“教与学”*

依托校内无机化学在线课程,将基于“超星”学习通平台的混合式教学模式引入元素化学知识的学习,设计了“MOOC+案例精讲+QQ群辅助”的教学策略。实践过程中,借助MOOC自主学习低阶的知识点,采用专题直播、分组活动、PBL教学法开展高阶知识点的学习,QQ群辅助进行实时答疑。学习通平台串联起了教室端、移动端和管理端,师生线上线下的交流互动,有助于实现愉快、高效的智慧“教与学”。调查显示,基于“一平三端”的混合教学形式得到大部分学生的认可。     

面向能力培养的分析化学混合式教学改革研究*

提出了MOOC建设中的关键点,开展了分析化学线上线下混合式教学的课前、课堂和课后教学设计与应用研究,建立了科学合理的教学综合评价方法,总结了面向能力培养的分析化学混合式教学改革与实践经验,并客观分析了混合式教学实践中遇到的问题且提出了切实可行的解决方法。实践证明,线上线下混合式教学模式能够提高教学效果,有效培养学生的分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

北京师范大学“中学化学教学设计与实践”课程及发展

介绍了北京师范大学的一门针对化学师范生职前教育训练的实践类课程——“中学化学教学设计与实践”,主要包括该课程的特色和发展历程.以实际班级授课为例详细介绍了常规的一对一指导教学模式,以及结合网络课程进行线上和线下同步教学的模式.另外,介绍了该门课的2种网络课型,即“爱课程网”的精品资源共享课和“京师在线”网上的MOOC课的课程框架和课程资源.     

MOOC建设的着力点和解决的主要教学问题——以无机及分析化学MOOC建设与SPOC教学实践为例

紧扣MOOC建设的着力点和解决的主要教学问题,有目的性、导向性地建设MOOC和开展教学实践,构建以学生自主学习为主的新型课程教学体系,通过教学方法和考核方式等的改革,将学习的自主权交给学生。     

MOOC时代下化学分析课堂的改革

大型开放式网络课程(MOOC,译为慕课)的提出对化学分析课堂改革提供了新的思路,MOOC的实践显现了有待解决的问题;针对化学分析课堂现状,拟采用线上与线下结合的混合教学模式推进课堂改革,对具体的方案进行了讨论。此计划有望提高化学分析课堂教学质量、培养师生在网络时代下的信息素质,改进人才的培养模式。     

混合式教学法在分析化学教学中的设计与实践*——以“碘量法”为例

针对中医药类专业中分析化学课堂以教为主、师生互动少、教学效果较差等问题,借鉴“线上线下(O2O)”混合教学模式,利用清华在线网络平台、雨课堂和中国MOOC等网络资源开展课程建设,并对分析化学课堂教学进行改革,重构教学理念和教学流程,“翻转”师生角色,将线上与线下教学有机统一,借助线上的网络学习资源、测试平台等帮助学生在时间和空间上自由学习,达到学生个性化、差异化学习的目的。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。