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化学教学理论界对化学教学论的基础是什么的回答不深不透,已深度影响到化学教学论自身的建设。本文认为化学教学实践活动应是化学教学论的实践基础;普通教学论、教育心理学、教育社会学、教育传播学应是化学教学论的主要理论基础,而教育学原理是通过普通教学论对化学教学论发挥指导作用的。鉴此,理清了化学教学论与相关理论学科及化学教学实践活动的关系层次。提出化学教学论要以普通教学论、教育心理学、教育社会学、教育传播学的研究终点作为自己的研究起点,基于实存的化学教学实践活动构建化学教学论体系。 相似文献
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化学教学论是化学教育专业学生的一门必修课,本课程的主要教学目标是“使本科生掌握化学教学论的基础知识和化学教学的基本技能,培养学生从事化学教学工作和化学教学研究的能力”。在化学教学论的教学中我们开设了化学教学论理论课和化学教学实验课。 相似文献
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化学教学论还没有成为真正意义上的理论学科,其原因是一方面还没有把普通教学论的概念和原理充分应用到化学教学论中,另一方面对化学教学实践经验的概括和抽象层次不高,只停留在表面的解说上。本文认为,要克服教育理论学科与化学教学的“两张皮”现象,还需化学教学论者深入到化学教学的本质特性中去,概括出化学教学是什么,结合教育科学的理论认识和化学教学实践推导出为什么要进行化学教学,化学教学应该如何。即要在深入研究化学学科特性的基础上,建立化学教学论的概念和原理体系。其中,化学教学本质论是切入点,化学教学价值论是方向,化学教学方法论研究则是归宿。 相似文献
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阐述了翻转课堂的含义、发展、特点、模式和国内外教学实验案例;从教学内容、教学结构、师生角色、评价方式和技术平台方面探讨了翻转课堂下化学教学论教学改革的思路;以"说课"为例进行教学设计,分析了翻转课堂下化学教学论的具体实施。 相似文献
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从本体论视角,探讨了化学教学论的学科边界和研究对象;对化学教学论学科发展进行了“2时期5阶段”的划分,并梳理了各自的阶段特征;从方法论视角,概括了化学教学论学科的发展方向。 相似文献
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北京师范大学刘知新教授,从事高等师范教育40余年,长期主讲化学教学论和有关硕士学位课程,为我国化学教学论学科带头人[1]。耄耋之年的刘老可谓是化学教学论领域的常青藤,他主编的《化学教学论》可谓是化学教学论教材史上的常青树。 相似文献
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用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%. 相似文献
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Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields. 相似文献
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Uroš Grošelj Mojca Žorž Amalija Golobič Branko Stanovnik Jurij Svete 《Tetrahedron》2013,69(52):11092-11108
A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives. 相似文献
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The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion. 相似文献
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A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL. 相似文献
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A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions. 相似文献
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Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction
Laurent Gavara Thomas Boisse Jean-Pierre Hénichart Adam Daïch Philippe Gautret 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(38):7544-5571
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments. 相似文献
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N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%). 相似文献
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Shashikant U. Dighe Surya K. Samanta Shivalinga Kolle Sanjay Batra 《Tetrahedron》2017,73(17):2455-2467
An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y1 and Y2. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones. 相似文献
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In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates. 相似文献