纤维素基吸附分离材料研究进展

以纤维素为原料制备吸附分离材料可以减少对石油资源的依赖,并具有成本低、环境友好和生物相容性好等优点。利用纤维素中的羟基基团,通过交联、接枝、引入无机粒子或与聚合物复合,可以制备出微球和薄膜等不同形态的吸附分离材料,广泛应用于生物医学,废水处理、气体分离等领域。本文结合近五年来国内外纤维素及其复合材料在吸附分离领域的研究近况,从水、油、重金属、气体和有机物的应用进行了综述,总结了纤维素基吸附分离材料的研究尚存在的问题,探讨了今后的研究方向。     

改性凹凸棒的制备及对砷离子的吸附研究

针对日益严重的砷离子污染问题，本文采用灵敏简便的原子荧光分析法，探究了凹凸棒石粘土吸附剂对砷离子的吸附性能，测定了pH、吸附时间、砷离子的初始浓度等因素对凹凸棒石粘土负载铁氧化物对砷离子吸附能力的影响，并通过SEM、EDX、FTIR对所制得的吸附剂进行了表征研究，同时进行了吸附动力学和吸附等温模型的分析。研究结果表明，改性后的凹凸棒对砷离子的吸附性能有了显著提升，在较低浓度时吸附效率可达98%，该吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程。     

农林废弃生物质吸附材料在水污染治理中的应用

环境污染问题已经成为人类社会可持续发展的巨大挑战之一,化工、冶炼及核燃料循环过程等排放的废水中含大量重金属离子、有机物及放射性核素等,若未经处理即排放会给环境带来了极大的危害。吸附法的效率高、操作简单、低成本且无副产物、可循环利用及无二次污染等优点使其成为废水处理的重要方法之一。由于农林废弃生物质成本低、来源丰富、绿色环保且可再生,以其为原料制备的吸附材料被广泛研究。本文主要针对以农林废弃生物质为原料制备的生物炭、纤维素及木质素为研究对象, 综述了生物炭的制备及改性方法、天然纤维素及木质素的改性方法及其在水污染治理中的应用现状。从原材料、制备工艺、改性方法等方面总结分析了吸附材料的性能对水中污染物吸附的影响,提出了生物质基吸附材料在水污染治理应用中所存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

砷迁移释放过程中吸附-脱附作用机制的研究进展

高砷地下水污染是一个全球性的环境问题。在特定地质、地貌、气候和水文及水化学条件下,含砷矿物发生吸附-脱附反应,砷元素迁移和释放进入水体,导致高砷地下水生成并危害周围人群健康。本文在系统总结前人研究工作基础上,从吸附质和吸附剂两方面讨论了竞争吸附、氧化还原、pH和有机质等因素对砷吸附-脱附行为的影响,总结得到三种砷吸附-脱附控制机制,即静电吸附机制、离子交换机制和络合形态机制。本文可以为揭示高砷地下水发生机制以及开展砷污染控制和治理提供有益帮助。     

染料的生物污泥吸附

综述了活性污泥、厌氧污泥、干污泥、不同方法失活的污泥等对42种染料的吸附结果,并对生物污泥吸附过程中适用的吸附等温线进行了总结,同时讨论了pH、温度、染料初始浓度、干污泥的粒径、离子强度、生物污泥有无活性等因素对生物污泥吸附的影响,并对今后的研究重点进行了展望。     

竹炭对砷（Ⅲ）离子的吸附行为研究

研究了溶液的pH值与初始质量浓度、竹炭用量、吸附时间以及温度等因素对As（Ⅲ）离子吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明,在pH为3．00和12．50的情况下,竹炭对As（Ⅲ）离子有较好的吸附效果;同时吸附率随初始质量浓度的增加而降低,吸附能在180min内达到吸附平衡;等温吸附服从Freundlieh吸附等温方程式,酸性条件和碱性条件的最佳吸附温度分别为30℃和40℃。认为竹炭可作为理想的除砷吸附材料。     

巯基棉分离吸附溶出伏安法测定茶叶及茶汤中痕量砷

本文研究了巯基棉纤维（ＳＣＦ）对Ａｓ（Ⅲ）和Ａｓ（Ⅴ）的吸附性能，建立了ＳＣＦ分离Ａｓ（Ⅲ）和Ａｓ（Ⅴ）吸附溶出伏安法测定生物样品中痕量砷的方法。结果表明：在１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸介质中，ＳＣＦ可定量吸附Ａｓ（Ⅲ），Ａｓ（Ⅴ）不被吸附；用ＫＩ－（ＮＨ２）２ＣＳ预先还原Ａｓ（Ⅴ），通过ＳＣＦ分离，可消除干扰离子对测定砷的影响。方法用于测定桃叶、煤飞灰及番茄叶标样中的砷，其结果与标准值相符；应用此法还测定了几种茶叶及茶汤中的痕量砷和不同价态的砷，结果令人满意。     

抗蛋白质非特异性吸附材料及其在生物医学领域中的应用

生物材料是用于人体组织和器官的诊断、修复或增进其功能的一类高技术材料,但由于蛋白质非特异性吸附现象的普遍存在,对这些材料造成污染,有时甚至危及生命安全。因此,研究具有抗蛋白质非特异性吸附性能的材料已成为生物医用材料领域的研究热点。本文首先介绍了蛋白质的吸附过程及材料抗蛋白质吸附的机理,重点综述了生物医学领域中广受关注的抗蛋白质吸附材料及其在生物医学领域中的应用,并对未来的发展趋势做了展望。     

PDMS微芯片吸附牛血清白蛋白的研究

材料表面的物理和化学性质对蛋白质的吸附具有很大的影响[1].对蛋白质吸附的研究是研制生物传感器、生物芯片和生物材料的基础.     

红外光谱及其理论模拟在砷吸附过程中的应用

红外光谱技术具有分析速度快、分辨率高、灵敏度高、可以实时原位分析监测等优点。基于密度泛函理论对矿物吸附砷污染物体系红外光谱进行理论计算，分析对比红外光谱实测特征峰和理论计算特征峰，可以揭示砷吸附过程微观机制和表面化学形态。对红外光谱技术在水铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿等主要矿物吸附无机砷酸和有机胂酸的定性定量分析进行了综述，总结了红外光谱在无机和有机砷污染物吸附体系的定性定量研究及理论计算，为砷污染物精准检测分析和砷污染控制提供参考。     

Enzyme-based biocatalysis for the treatment of organic pollutants and bioenergy production

Enzyme-based biocatalysis is emerging as an advanced technique to develop green processes that help to maintain the sustainability of the environment. The bioremediation of toxic organic pollutants and waste to bioenergy production using enzymes as biocatalysts is rapidly growing due to its eco-friendly and sustainable nature. Additionally, a range of microbial species that typically grow on organic wastes can be used to produce these enzymes in an efficient manner. This is seen as a potential strategy for the development of cost-effective manufacturing for a number of biotechnological applications. The present study discusses biocatalysis as a promising and sustainable method toward the bioremediation of hazardous organic pollutants as well as for bioenergy production, based on the immense potential of enzymes as biocatalysts. Emphasis has been placed on evaluating the critical elements that can enhance the production of enzymes used as biocatalysts, as well as their functional effectiveness and stability.     

Aluminosilicate and aluminosilicate based polymer composites: Present status,applications and future trends

Aluminosilicates have traditionally been important materials for applications related to adsorbents, water softeners, catalysis and mechanical and thermal reinforcement due to their high surface area, excellent thermal/hydrothermal stability, high shape-selectivity and superior ion-exchange ability. Recently, their use as polymer fillers has allowed to increasingly extending their application range to innovative areas such as medical and biological fields as well as in sensors, filtration membranes, energy storage and novel catalysis routes. Further, the large versatility and tailoring possibilities of both filler and matrix indicates this area as one of the enabling key technologies of the near future.This work summarizes the main developments up to date in this increasingly interesting field, focuses on the main applications already developed as well as on the key challenges for the near future.     

片状纳米CuO用于苯乙烯氧化反应的研究

苯甲醛又称安息香醛,是医药、染料、香料工业的一种重要的中间体,主要用于制造品绿、月桂醛、月桂酸等;也有时用作有机溶剂,测定臭氧及位于羰基旁边的亚甲基及检定酚和生物碱的试剂.传统的工业生产方法是以石油化工中的甲苯为原料,经氯化生成二氯化苄,再经酸性或碱性水解、真空     

Review: Dielectrophoresis in cell characterization

Many cellular functions are affected by and thus can be characterized by a cell's electrophysiology. This has also been found to correspond to other biophysical parameters such as cell morphology and mechanical properties. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electrostatic technique which can be used to examine cellular biophysical parameters through the measuring of single or multiple cell response to electric field induced forces. This label-free method offers many advantages in characterizing a cell population over conventional electrophysiology methods such as patch clamping; however, it has yet to see mainstream pharmacological application. Challenges such as the transdisciplinary nature of the field bridging engineering and the biological sciences, throughput, specificity as well as standardization are being addressed in current literature. This review focuses on the developments of DEP-based cell electrophysiological characterization where determining cellular properties such as membrane conductance and capacitance, and cytoplasmic conductivity are the primary motivation. A brief theoretical review, techniques for obtaining these cell parameters, as well as the resulting cell parameters and their applications are included in this review. This review aims to further support the development of DEP-based cell characterization as an important part of the future of DEP and electrophysiology research.     

Benzothiazoles from Condensation of o-Aminothiophenoles with Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: A Review

Nowadays, organic chemists are interested in the field of heterocyclic chemistry due to its use in the synthesis of a great variety of biologically active compounds. Heterocyclic compounds are widely found in nature and are essential for life. Among these, some natural nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds have been used as chemotherapeutic agents. Their attachment to sugar molecules either as thioglycosides or as nucleosides analogues plays an important role in vital biological processes as well as in synthetic organic chemistry. Molecules containing benzothiazole (BT) nuclei are of this interesting class of compounds because some of them have been found to have a wide variety of biological activities. In this sense, we selected this topic to review and to then summarize the procedures related to the condensation reactions of o-aminothiophenoles (ATPs) as well as their disulfides with carboxylic acids, esters, orthoesters, acyl chlorides, amides, and nitriles. The condensation reactions with carbon dioxide (CO₂) are included. Conventional methods with the use of acid and metal catalysts as well as recent green techniques, such as microwave irradiation, the use of ionic liquids, and ultrasound (US) chemistry, which have proven to have many advantages, were found in the review.     

和医学相关有机化合物绿色鉴别实验的设计*

为了将医用化学实验中“有机化合物的鉴别”实验更加密切地与医学相关专业结合,并提高实验操作的安全性,降低化学试剂的毒性与刺激性,甄选出一系列与医学密切相关的有机化合物作为待鉴别试剂,同时设计绿色环保、安全低毒、现象明显、操作简便、成本低廉的鉴别方法,为学生实验方案的设计提供指导。以期提高医学生学习的积极性与主动性,促进学生灵活运用知识分析问题、解决问题,为相关教学工作的改进提供借鉴意义。     

Development of a nano-liquid chromatography on chip tandem mass spectrometry method for high-sensitivity hepcidin quantitation

Microfluidic LC systems present undeniable advantages over classical LC in terms of sensitivity. Hepcidin, a peptide marker of clinical disorders linked to iron metabolism, was used as model to demonstrate peptide quantification potentialities of LC-chip coupled to a nanoelectrospray source ion trap mass spectrometer in an aqueous sample. First, stable isotope labelled hepcidin was chosen as internal standard and gradient as well as sample compositions were optimised using design of experiments as development tool. The method was then prevalidated using accuracy profiles in order to select the most appropriate response function and to confirm the ability of the technique to quantify low hepcidin concentration. A reliable and very sensitive quantitation method was finally obtained using this integrated microfluidic technology. Indeed, good results with respect to accuracy, trueness and precision were achieved, as well as a very low limit of quantitation (0.07 ng/ml). Method suitability of nano-LC on chip tandem mass spectrometry for hepcidin quantitation was also demonstrated in complex media such as human plasma.     

Controlled release of volatiles under mild reaction conditions: from nature to everyday products

Volatile organic compounds serve in nature as semiochemicals for communication between species, and are often used as flavors and fragrances in our everyday life. The quite limited longevity of olfactive perception has led to the development of pro-perfumes or pro-fragrances--ideally nonvolatile and odorless fragrance precursors which release the active volatiles by bond cleavage. Only a limited amount of reaction conditions, such as hydrolysis, temperature changes, as well as the action of light, oxygen, enzymes, or microorganisms, can be used to liberate the many different chemical functionalities. This Review describes the controlled chemical release of fragrances and discusses additional challenges such as precursor stability during product storage as well as some aspects concerning toxicity and biodegradability. As the same systems can be applied in different areas of research, the scope of this Review covers fragrance delivery as well as the controlled release of volatiles in general.     

Reaction of Oximes of α-Diketones with Diphosphorous Tetraiodide for Preparation of Oxadiazoles and Nitriles

The utility of diphosphorous tetraiodide as a new, mild, condensing agent for synthesis of oxadiazole is described. These data indicate the simple dehydration of oximes to 1,2,5-oxadiazole as well as the rearrangements of oximes to normal Beckmann product 1,2,4-oxadiazole. However, mono-oxime of benzil undergoes abnormal Beckman rearrangement to benzaldehyde as major product. The described method is simple and important for the synthesis of the oxadiazoles as well as for nitriles.