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四苯硼阴离子电子结构的理论研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
分别应用半经验发子轨道理论的AM1方法和在HF/3-21G水平上的从头算分子轨道法,对四苯硼阴离子的电子结构进行了研究。采用解析梯度技术对四苯硼阴离子的平衡态几何构型进行了全优化,得到了分子轨道、电荷布居、静电势以及红外光谱和紫外光谱等参数,计算结果表明:四苯硼阴离子的静电势分布均匀,其前线轨道能级间隔为12.1398eV,利用组态相互作用法得到的紫外光谱跃迁吸收峰主要位于远紫外区,说明四苯硼离子比较稳定,从头算法得到的红外光谱吸收峰分布与实验结果一致,AM1法得到的红外吸收频率与实验值更接近。 相似文献
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采用键表酉群方法对C6H5F、C6H5OH和C6H5NH2中的电子离域现象进行了计算和分析,讨论了取代苯的价键描述特性,并计算了取代基的π电子离域能.结果表明离子结构成分与离域能有直接关系,即离子成分越多,电子离域能越大./6-31G基组及“分子中的原子”方法将电荷密度分区积分得到各原子上的电荷集居数,并将此结果与取代苯的反应性能进行了比较。为在价键意义上分析和理解取代基对苯环电子结构及其反应性能的影响,本文对3个典型的取代苯Ph-X(X=F,OH,NH2)进行了初步的价键计算和讨论.1计算方法及构型在键表酉群方法中[5],体系的一个共振结构可用一个价键结构函数即键表ψ(k)来描述,相应的体系总波函数Ψ可表示为M个正则键表的线性组合:式(1)便构成了键表相互作用(BTI)计算方法[6]的基础.键表对体系的结构贡献定义为:原子轨道q上的电荷集居数定义为:式中mq(k)可取0、1或2,分别对应于键表ψ(k)中原子轨道q出现0、1或2次.为简比计算,我们将取代苯的σ骨架用HF分子轨道固定[7],这样仅需考虑π电子及轨道.原子轨道积分及HF-SCF计算采用Gaussian80程序.联系人及第一作者:莫亦荣,男,29 相似文献
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用从头算对丙烯和甲苯2个超共轭体系进行计算,结果表明甲基上氢原子参与超共轭时,其碳氢键键长增大,氢上集居数减少,丙烯、甲苯的甲基旋转势垒为7.61及0.096 kJ/mol.超共轭基作用相当于一带有孤对电子参与共轭之杂原子,超共轭体系不同构型稳定性可用M=sum from i=1 to 3(sinθ_i[sin(θ_i-α)+sinα])来表征。 相似文献
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基于半经典电子转移理论,结合量子化学计算,城HF/DZP水平上,研究外电场作用下平行的苯分子-苯正离子自由基体系(C6H4)2^+的分子内电子转移问题。在给体和受体几何构型优化的基础上,用线性反应坐标确定电子转移过渡态,分别用两态变分方法和基于Koopmans定理的分子轨道跃迁能方法计算电子转移矩阵元VAB,讨论了VAB对给体和受体中心距d的指数衰减关系,取中心距为0.6nm,研究了外电场对反应热 相似文献
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异质富勒烯C58P2的理论研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用MNDO半径能方法研究了异质富勒烯C58P2各异构体的结构和相对稳定性。结果表明,1,4-位取代的异构体最稳定,异构体的稳定性随杂原子同距离的增加而降低。C558P2分子和稳定性比全碳富勒烯C60低,但仍具有相当的稳定性,是潜在的合成目标。杂原子磷的掺杂改善了富勒烯的氧化还原性能。考察了各异构体的整体硬度和绝对电负性,产根据绝对电负性的差异预测了富勒烯和异质富勒烯间形成聚合物时的电子转移。 相似文献
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It demorstrates six stable geometrical configurations of electronic states for Pu4+ using the density functional method B3LYP with relativistic effective core potentials. The most stable electronic state of Pu4+ is of the planar C2v configuration. The Jahn-Teller distortions from the configurations Pu4+(Td) and Pu4+(D4h) exist. The analysis of the relationships among these various geometrical configurations, based on the Jahn-Teller effect, vibronic interaction and the resolution of group representations, is in agreement with the calculated results. 相似文献
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相对湿度是许多领域的关键参数,环境湿度与人们的生活密切相关,因此对湿度进行测量和控制是各个领域中值得关注的问题之一. 在前期的研究中,作者制备了一种新型的超分子离子材料(SIM),它是由基于咪唑的双阳离子(如1,10-双(3-甲基咪唑-1-基)癸烷,C10(mim)2)和电活性二阴离子(如2,2'-连氮基-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸),ABTS)组成的,发现其对湿度具有敏感且快速的响应. 在此基础上,本文制备了6种不同碳链(C4,C6,C8,C10,C12,C14)的咪唑基化合物,发现其中3种(C10,C12,C14)可与ABTS形成水稳定的SIM. 循环伏安法、计时电流法以及石英晶体微量天平表征了这些超分子离子材料的湿度传感性能,发现基于C12的SIM具有最佳的湿度传感性能. 同时,SEM结果显示随着碳链的增加,离子材料的厚度变薄并且形态变得不规则. 因此,作者认为疏水作用和材料比表面积均会影响湿度传感的灵敏度. 本研究为发展新的湿度响应的离子传感材料奠定了基础. 相似文献
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利用从头算RHF/3-21G方法研究了HNCO二聚后生成HNCNH和CO2的反应机理,计算表明,该反应是分步反应,由反应物经第一过渡态生成四元环中间体,再经过第二过渡态分解为产物,与实验得到的结论一致,反应的第一步是速度控制步骤,计算得到的活化位垒为172.55kJ·mol-1,与实验上测得的176.40±16.30kJ·mol-1相吻合,反应的第二位垒为83.68kJ·mol-1,在实验条件下是一个快速步骤.因此,四元环中间体不能作为最终产物.整个反应是包含两个非同步过程的加成反应. 相似文献
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电子转移的外电场效应──苯分子与苯正离子自由基间电子转移的从头算研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于半经典电子转移理论,结合量子化学计算,在HF/DZP水平上,研究外电场作用下平行的苯分子-苯正离子自由基体系(C6H4)2+的分子内电子转移问题.在给体和受体几何构型优化的基础上,用线性反应坐标确定电子转移过渡态,分别用两态变分方法和基于Koopmans定理的分子轨道跃迁能方法计算电子转移矩阵元VAB,讨论了VAB对给体和受体中心距d的指数衰减关系.取中心距为0.6nm,研究了外电场对反应热的影响,计算得到在不同外电场强度下分子内气相电子转移的速率常数k. 相似文献
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To investigate the solvation structure of the Cu(II) ion in liquid ammonia, ab initio quantum-mechanical/molecular-mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out at Hartree Fock (HF) and hybrid density functional theory (B3 LYP) levels. A sixfold-coordinated species was found to be predominant in the HF case whereas five- and sixfold-coordinated complexes were obtained in a ratio 2:1 from the B3 LYP simulation. In contrast to hydrated Cu(II), which exhibits a typical Jahn-Teller distortion, the geometrical arrangement of ligand molecules in the case of ammonia can be described as a [2 + 4] ([2 + 3]) configuration with 4 (3) elongated copper-nitrogen bonds. First shell solvent exchange reactions at picosecond rate took place in both HF and B3 LYP simulations, again in contrast to the more stable sixfold-coordinated hydrate. NH3 ligands apparently lead to strongly accelerated dynamics of the Cu(II) solvate due to the "inverse" [2 + 4] structure with its larger number of elongated copper-ligand bonds. Several dynamical properties, such as mean ligand residence times or ion-ligand stretching frequencies, prove the high lability of the solvated complex. 相似文献
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Themetalcarbenecations,esPeciallytransitionmetalcarbenecations,areaclass0funstableintermediateswithhighactivity.TheyareveryimPortamtothefieldoforganometallicchendstryandhavegreatlyattractedchemist'sattention.JacobsonlstUdiedthereactionsofFeCH, andCoCH, withalkanes"',olefms2ingasphase.Butsofarasweknow,thereisnosystematictheoreticalstUdyontheirsmictUresandstability.InthispaPer,westUdythestfUcturalcharacteristics,molecularorbitalsofXCHLi andrelationshiPbetweensubstituelltsandstability,tak… 相似文献
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The π–π interactions between benzene and the aromatic nitrogen heterocycles pyridine, pyrimidine, 1,3,5‐triazine, 1,2,3‐triazine, 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine, and 1,2,3,4,5‐pentazine are systematically investigated. The T‐shaped structures of all complexes studied exhibit a contraction of the C? H bond accompanied by a rather large blue shift (40–52 cm?1) of its stretching frequency, and they are almost isoenergetic with the corresponding displaced‐parallel structures at reliable levels of theory. With increasing number of nitrogen atoms in the heterocycle, the geometries, frequencies, energies, percentage of s character at C, and the electron density in the C? H σ antibonding orbital of the complexes all increase or decrease systematically. Decomposition analysis of the total binding energy showed that for all the complexes, the dispersion energy is the dominant attractive contribution, and a rather large attraction originating from electrostatic contribution is compensated by its exchange counterpart. 相似文献
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醛基不饱和卡宾存在寿命的理论研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
采用量子化学中的的从头计算方法,在B3LYP/6-31G^**水平上研究了醛基不饱和卡宾HCO-CH=C:重排成醛基乙炔的反应机理。全优化得到了HCO-CH=C:的两种稳定构型以及对应的过渡态和产物的构型,并计算得到了各种构型的振动频率。在振动频率计算结果的基础上,采用过渡态理论计算了活化能最小的重排反应的的动力学性质,然后根据得到的反应速率常数,计算了不同温度下HCO-CH=C:的半衰期。结果表明,HCO-CH=C:的半衰期很短,室温下只有10^-13s左右。这对深入了解HCO-CH=C:的性质及其存在在寿命提供了有用的信息。 相似文献
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The potential energy curves have been investigated for the 23 lowest electronic states in the 2s+1Λ± representation of the molecule ScBr via CASSCF and MRCI (single and double excitations with Davidson correction) calculations. Seventeen electronic states have been studied theoretically for the first time. The harmonic frequency ωe, the internuclear distance re, and the electronic energy with respect to the ground state Te have been calculated. By using the canonical functions approach, the eigenvalues Ev, the rotational constant Bv, and the abscissas of the turning points (Rmin, Rmax) have been calculated for electronic states up to the vibrational level v = 32. The comparison of these values to the theoretical and experimental results available in the literature shows a good agreement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicalsm Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008 相似文献
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运用量子化学方法优化了硫代樟脑的最低5个电子态(S0, T1, S1, T2和S2)的结构, 并计算了它们的相对能量. 计算结果表明: S1, T1和T2态的能量非常接近, 而S2的能量远远高于T2态, 这与之前对几种小的硫代羰基化合物的研究结论一致. 确定了硫代樟脑分子在T1态发生β-插入反应和类Norrish II型反应的机理, 计算的势垒相对于S0的振动零点分别为314.1和332.6 kJ/mol. 在400 nm波长的光的照射下, 分子被激发到S1态, 此时分子没有足够的能量发生反应, 只能通过内转换回到基态. 当激发光波长在254 nm时, 硫代樟脑分子被激发到S2态, 这时候体系有了足够的内部能量使反应发生. 实验上已经观察到此激发光波长下, 气态硫代樟脑可以发生β-插入反应和类Norrish II型反应. 相似文献
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Auchin Tang Zhenfeng Shang Qiwen Teng Yinming Pan Zunsheng Cai Xuezhuang Zhao Jikang Feng 《International journal of quantum chemistry》1999,73(6):505-509
Intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) method was used to study the structures and the electronic spectra of C60M12 (M=Li, Na, Be). The calculations indicate that in the minimal energy configuration of C60M12 (M=Li, Na) the C60 cage still retains Ih symmetry and the 12 Li or Na atoms are symmetrically located above the pentagons of the C60 cage, whereas the difference between the double and single bonds has been significantly reduced. In contrast, because six electrons are filled in the fivefold‐degenerated hg orbital of C60, the Cs structure of C60Be12 has illustrated the occurrence of Jahn‐Teller distortion. Based on the optimized geometries, the electronic absorption spectra were calculated and the nature of red shift was discussed. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 73: 505–509, 1999 相似文献
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ATheoreticalStudyontheHydrogen-bondedDimersofHNCOMoleculesWangYan;FengWen-Lin;ZhangShao-Wen;ZhuWei-Xin(ChemistryDepartment,Be... 相似文献