GPS/INS 组合导航系统降阶滤波器设计

本文研究了某型号飞机上ＧＰＳ／平台惯性组合导航系统中降阶卡尔曼滤波器的设计方法；提出一种降阶滤器结构，并讨论了模型误差的伪随机噪声补偿方法。采用蒙特—卡洛分析法对降阶滤波器的实际误差进行了数字仿真，结果表明，本文提出的这种降阶滤波器能保证组合系统的导航精度，而且具有实际使用价值     

捷联惯性系统初始对准中IMU安装误差及陀螺漂移的估计与补偿

为尽可能消除IMU安装误差和陀螺漂移对系统精度的影响，运用主从惯导传递对准技术，采用扩展状态滤波器和速度／姿态角组合匹配的方法，估计出IMU安装误差和陀螺漂移误差，并对系统进行补偿。仿真结果表明，补偿了安装误差和陀螺漂移后，捷联惯性系统的导航参数精度可提高1个数量级以上。     

一种制导炸弹MINS／GPS导航系统误差分析与分配

研究了对准误差和惯性敏感器主要误差对制导炸弹捷联惯导位置误差的影响,并从捷联惯导位置导航精度要求反推出对准误差和微机械惯性敏感器工具误差的分配原则和方法.分析了微机械陀螺和微机械加速度计的误差模型,并说明在短时间工作过程中均可简化为零偏叠加随机噪声.捷联惯导系统误差模型研究和弹道仿真表明,水平姿态对准误差和惯性敏感器零偏是制导炸弹惯导误差的主要误差源,用GPS辅助的组合导航可对所有主要误差源的误差进行估计并补偿.根据理论分析和仿真结果,以及误差源的误差和系统导航位置误差存在的正比关系,分析了MINS/GPS制导炸弹捷联导航的误差分配原则和方法,并给出了误差分配样例.     

精确制导炸弹坐标转换技术

将制导炸弹的SINS/GPS组合导航系统输出的导航信息进行坐标转换,产生制导控制系统所需要的发射坐标系下的信息,以实现制导炸弹的制导与控制功能.针对某型制导炸弹的工程化研制,研究了制导炸弹在飞行过程中不同坐标系间的转换关系,分析了方位角误差对制导炸弹坐标转换精度的影响,推导了一个新的方位角计算方法.提出了一种递推的坐标转换方法,并与传统的坐标转换方法和基于迭代的坐标转换方法进行了比较.仿真结果表明,该方法可对坐标转换过程中产生的误差进行相应的修正,并且误差不会积累,该方法的转换精度最高.仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性和可行性.     

制导炮弹捷联惯导基于GPS的飞行中对准算法(英文)

提出了一种适用于制导炮弹上低精度MEMS IMU/GPS组合系统的飞行中初始对准算法。通过引入辅助的载体惯性系和导航惯性系,将所求姿态四元数分解为三部分:第一部分描述载体系相对于载体惯性系的姿态,由MEMS陀螺仪输出积分求解;第二部分描述导航系相对于导航惯性系的姿态,利用GPS位置输出解析求解;第三部分描述两辅助惯性系的相对姿态,采用Re-quest算法完成解算。详细讨论了算法误差、有效性条件,并对Re-quest算法进行了优化和简化。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,在弹体加速度以指数规律变化条件下,对准算法可以在10 s时间内达到水平误差小于0.2°(1?)、航向误差小于0.4°(1σ)的精度,完全满足制导炮弹组合系统初始对准的精度要求。     

迟滞系统受随机激励的响应计算

首先为随机激励设计了具有较高精度的滤波器，把迟滞系统受有色噪声激励的随机振动问题转化为由迟滞系统与滤波器组成的扩阶系统受白噪声激励的随机振动问题，然后详细论述了等效线性化法对此问题的具体求解，着重推导了高斯随机变量联合矩的递推关系和李亚普诺夫方程解法的实现，最后根据数字模拟结果分析了等效线性化法的精度和误差来源，给出了迟滞减振系统参数设计的有关建议。     

捷联惯导系统传递对准误差模型降阶分析

针对捷联惯导系统(SINS)传递对准实际工程应用时的降阶建模问题,给出了速度匹配卡尔曼滤波器误差模型的降阶建模过程,分析模型降阶对传递对准误差估计精度的影响,通过将各状态量对滤波估计的影响等效成惯导系统的初始失准角,以量化的方式比较各状态量影响滤波精度的大小,从而为模型降阶提供依据.最后进行了数学仿真及试验验证,试验结果表明模型降阶方法是可行和有效的,降阶模型对失准角及陀螺漂移的估计精度能够达到模型降阶前的精度,达到了预期的效果,而且模型降阶后滤波器的计算量比降阶前减少了85%左右,大大提高了滤波器计算的实时性,满足实际工程应用的要求.     

基于状态反馈的卡尔曼滤波组合导航算法

在卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上,提出一种导航误差状态估计的新方法。该方法选取SINS和GPS三个方向上的速度差和位置差作为观测量,根据惯性器件和GPS的精度确定噪声强度,同时建立反馈控制与卡尔曼滤波相结合的滤波器,最终得到误差状态的估计值。仿真结果表明,新型滤波器不仅解决了卡尔曼滤波发散的问题,而且使得误差估计精度得到了极大的提高,从而为组合导航系统的误差估计技术找到了更有工程应用价值的方法。     

自适应联邦滤波器及其在组合导航系统中的应用

针对现有的信息分配方法在滤波精度和自适应性方面存在不足的问题,设计了一种在模糊神经网络基础上改进的自适应联邦滤波器,利用模糊神经网络自适应地调整信息分配系数,从而有效抑制干扰对子滤波器工作状态的影响,使主滤波器能够充分、有效地利用子滤波器的信息。将这种自适应联邦滤波器应用到MINS/GPS组合导航系统设计中,并对系统进行了仿真。通过与基于常规联邦滤波器的组合系统的仿真结果比较可知,自适应联邦滤波器的组合系统在性能上有了显著的提高,且速度误差标准差控制在0.06m/s以内,位置误差标准差控制在3.3m以内,具有良好的导航精度。     

应用于城市环境的MEMS-INS/GPS紧耦合组合导航抗差滤波器（英文）

为了提高MEMS-INS/GPS紧耦合组合导航系统在城市区域中因为GPS信号短时中断或被干扰时的性能，提出了一种基于Kalman滤波的抗差滤波器模型-Kalman抗差滤波器。在Kalman抗差滤波流程中，构建了具有误差检测和分离功能的Kalman滤波器来应对包括伪距和伪距率等GPS测量的突发故障，通过自适应因子向量调整测量噪声获得高精度的导航解。在城市公路上开展了现场试验，对Kalman抗差滤波器的可用性进行了测试。相较于常规的Kalman滤波器，使用Kalman抗差滤波器的紧耦合组合导航系统水平位置误差下降超过30%，高程位置误差的降低大约50%，速度误差下降了17.5%。Kalman抗差滤波器能够有效的降低城市区域中MEMS-INS/GPS紧耦合组合导航系统的导航解误差。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.