一种复合絮凝剂的絮凝性能及应用研究

以淀粉为原料，通过化学改性研制出同时兼含羟基、氰基、酰胺基和季铵盐基团的两亲型高分子絮凝剂(ASF)，然后加入铝酸纳和硅酸钠，以一定的比例进行复配，制得复合型高分子絮凝剂CF-1，并综合研究了CF-l的絮凝性能。结果表明，CF-1对印染、造纸、皮革、制药等工业废水具有很强的絮凝和脱色效果，废水的色度去除率达96％以上，SS去除率达95％以上，CODCr去除率达74％以上。而且其絮凝性能明显优于阳离子聚丙烯蠢胺(CPAM)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、硫酸铝以及硫酸亚铁等絮凝剂。     

环氧氯丙烷类阳离子改性絮凝剂的合成及性能研究

为提高环氧氯丙烷胺类絮凝剂的絮凝性能,选用六次甲基四胺为交联剂,以环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺为主要原料,合成了环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺-六次甲基四胺(HMTA)季铵盐阳离子改性絮凝剂,其在辽河油田废水处理中表现出优异的絮凝性能,并研究了絮凝剂用量和温度对HMTA絮凝剂絮凝性能的影响。结果表明,使用HMTA絮凝剂的合适温度为45℃,最佳用量为20mg/L,除浊率可达98. 1%,除油率达到35. 1%。红外光谱和核磁共振谱的表征结果证实六次甲基四胺在聚合物中发挥了交联剂的作用,有效提高了环氧氯丙烷胺类絮凝剂的絮凝性能。     

稀土改性PVC膜的制备及性能研究

利用硝酸稀土作为改性剂，加入到聚氯乙烯（PVC）的四氢呋喃（THF）溶液中，用流延法制得表观透明均匀的PVC膜，经紫外辐射交联后，测试其力学和物理性能，发现经稀土改性后的PVC薄膜的力学和物理性能均有了较大的提高。     

脂肪胺改性膨润土

脂肪胺改性膨润土;膨润土; 脂肪胺; 有机化改性     

改性聚合物压裂液的合成及其性能

为了提高油田压裂改造中常用水基压裂液的耐温和耐盐性能,本文以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和季铵盐型长尾疏水单体(DS)为原料,制备了疏水改性聚合物增稠剂(AAAD)。 有机硼酸盐与葡萄糖酸钠形成配合物(GS-2)为交联剂,再加入其它添加剂,AAAD通过交联反应,制备出改性聚合物压裂液。 评价了该体系的流变性、黏弹性、耐温性、抗盐性和破胶性等性能。 结果表明,压裂液在温度150 ℃、剪切速率170 s^-1条件下具有良好的流变性能;在90 ℃,破胶剂过硫酸铵质量分数为0.01%条件下,4 h即可破胶,破胶液黏度为1.6 mPa·s。     

全氟辛基季铵碘化物改性层状硅酸盐矿物的研究

采用不同量的全氟辛基季胺碘化物(JF134)对蛭石精矿进行有机改性,研究JF134用量对不同粒径有机蛭石疏水性和疏油性的影响,接触角表征其疏水性和疏油性。重点对疏水和疏油性最好的改性蛭石和原矿石进行了X射线衍射和红外光谱表征,并对其膨胀性能、热性能和铺展性进行了研究。研究结果表明,随着JF134用量的增加,蛭石粉末与水和环己烷的接触角在增大,当JF134的用量为蛭石1倍阳离子交换容量时,蛭石粉末与水和环己烷的接触角分别达到为89度和77.4度,在水面和环己烷上由不铺展变为铺展。红外光谱、X射线衍射、DSC和热重分析表明,蛭石与JF134反应制得有机插层蛭石,全氟辛基阳离子在蛭石层间有两种排列方式,以单层倾斜排列为主,双层倾斜排列为辅。蛭石膨胀率随着温度的升高先增加后减小,在900℃时达到最大,改性蛭石要比原样膨胀性好,而且改性蛭石表面失水温度和快速膨胀温度同时降低。     

新型含季铵基腈纶纤维的制备

以商品级腈纶为基体,二甲氨基丙胺(Ⅰ)为胺化剂,经胺化反应制得含叔胺基的腈纶纤维(1)。以溴辛烷(Ⅱ)为季铵化试剂对1进行季铵化改性,制得新型的含季铵基的腈纶纤维(2),其结构经IR和EDS表征。较佳的胺化反应条件为:以乙二醇为溶剂,Ⅰ的体积分数为30%,于118℃反应3 h。较佳的季铵化反应条件为:以乙醇为溶剂,Ⅱ.的体积分数为10%,于70℃反应6 h。     

阴极电泳涂料用树脂－改性聚丁二烯合成工艺研究

液体聚丁二烯（ＬＰＢ）与过氧乙酸反应生成的环氧化聚丁二烯（ＯＰＢ）再与胺化剂反应生成胶化环氧化聚丁二烯（ＤＯＰＢ）是性能优良的电泳涂料用树脂．实验结果表明ＬＰＢ环氧化反应温度只能在１５～６０℃进行，且高温反应时间不能超过５小时；ＬＰＢ的分子量低．则环氧值增大。ＯＰＢ的胶化反应最佳温度为１１０℃，２ｈ内可完成反应．     

甲胺化反应催化剂稀土改性丝光沸石的研究

研究了稀土改性丝光沸石催化剂对常压固定床上甲胺化反应的活性及选择性的影响，结果表明，以钇改性丝光沸石催化剂的活性及对二甲胺的选择性最佳。催化剂表征结果表明，稀土改性丝光沸石主要是引起丝光沸石中Ｂ酸中心发生变化，而对丝光沸石的晶体结构及表面硅铝原子比基本不产生影响。稀土改性能增强催化剂的热稳定性，延长催化剂的寿命。     

改性吐温-20的合成及其乳化性能

利用羟基硅油的羟基与丁二酸酐反应,合成带有羧基的改性羟基硅油,其羧基与吐温-20分子中的羟基发生酯化反应,合成了含改性羟基硅油的改性吐温-20。乳化实验结果表明,羟基硅油改性吐温-20比吐温-20具有更好的乳化效果,离心分离稳定性更好。     

PVB存在下PVC化学法脱氯化氢的研究

ＰＶＢ存在下ＰＶＣ化学法脱氯化氢的研究刘恒＊李大成陈朝珍（四川联合大学化工学院成都６１００６５）关键词聚氯乙烯，脱氯化氢，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛１９９６－０９－０８收稿，１９９７－０５－２６修回国家教育委员会留学归国人员资助费资助课题近年来在ＰＶＣ脱氯化氢制...     

Poly(vinyl chloride) composite emulsion resins modified by polyurethane

An ionomer-type of polyurethane (PU) emulsion was prepared from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG) and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) following a self-emulsification process. The modified poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) emulsion resin was obtained by in situ emulsion copolymerization using the PU as seeds in an autoclave. The effects of PU molecular weight on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the PU/PVC materials were investigated. The composite latex particles and composite materials were determined and characterized using a laser particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. The study results showed that the PU/PVC hybrid emulsion particles possess a core/shell structure. When the general mechanical properties of the composite materials increase, the thermal stabilities decrease a little. The tough fractures on the surface of the PU/PVC composite sample following impact are quite obvious. __________ Translated from Journal of Hebei Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 31(2): 228–232 [译自: 河北师范大学学报(自然科学版)]     

用DSC研究线形多嵌段聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯、氯化聚氯乙烯共混相容性

用示差扫描量热法（DSC）研究了线形多嵌段聚氨酯（PU）与聚氯乙烯（PVC）、氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）共混相容性，说明了PU／VC、PU／CPVC的相容是由于共混物中形成了新的氢键的缘故．聚酯型聚氨酯与PVC、CPVC的相容性要好子聚酸型聚氨酯，CPVC与PU的相容性又要好于PVC．聚氨酯中硬段的引入不利于PU／PVC、PU／CPVC的相容性．     

Poly(vinyl chloride) on the way from the 19th century to the 21st century

Despite all the technical and economic problems and the public discussions on the environmental dangers and hazards of chlorine chemistry, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is the second most produced plastic (with a worldwide capacity of about 31 million tons), placing after polyolefins and before styrene polymers. Presently, PVC production worldwide is growing at a rate of more than 4% per year. The application of PVC was first described in a patent in 1913, but only after 1930 did a sustained interest in PVC arise in several industrial laboratories. The most remarkable milestones in PVC history and their importance to the development of macromolecular chemistry are briefly described, and some present PVC research and industrial applications, with respect to polymerization, stabilization, bulk property modification, and chemical and material recycling of PVC waste, are discussed. Some actual selected topics include the emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride with polymeric surfactants and controlled free-radical polymerization with nitroxyls, whereas ionic and metal organic initiators have not found any technical applications. Chemical reactions offer many possibilities for the modification of PVC, but they have been not used on a technical scale yet. Much work has been done on stabilization with nontoxic or metal-free systems. The bulk properties of PVC can be influenced by impact modification through the addition of graft copolymers or by blending with other polymers. Also presented are some problems and recent developments in PVC recycling. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 578–586, 2004     

Radiation effects on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(vinyl alcohol)

Radiation effects on the formation of conjugated double bonds in the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were investigated. Thin films of PVC and PVA were either irradiated with γ-rays at ambient temperature (pre-irradiation) and then subjected to thermal treatment, or irradiated at elevated temperatures (in situ irradiation). An extensive enhancement of the thermal degradation was observed for the pre-irradiation of the PVC films, which was more effective than the effect of the in situ irradiation at the same absorption dose. For the PVA degradation, however, the effect of the in situ irradiation was larger than that of the pre-irradiation. The results were explained and related mechanisms were discussed based on radiation-induced chemical reactions and their individual contributions to the thermal degradation behaviors of the two polymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 3089–3095, 1998     

A Density Functional Theory Study of Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) Free Radical Polymerization

Summary: Quantum chemistry was applied to the free radical polymerization of Vinyl Chloride with the aim of elucidating the reaction kinetics and especially the formation of structural defects and low molecular weight polymer. The radical reactions were studied using the Density Functional Theory. All calculations were performed with B3LYP functionals and in particular the 6-31G(d,p) basis set was selected to evaluate the exchange and correlation energies. The computational method was first validated by predicting the rate constant of the propagation step and comparing the calculated values to experimental ones. Then intramolecular chain transfer, β-scission and branching reactions were also investigated, due to their direct connection with the production of defects in the growing chains. A comparison of the evaluated kinetic constants of such secondary reactions with other computational evaluations and experimental data was finally made.     

聚氯乙烯表面共价键合肝素及抗凝血性的研究

采用Ar等离子体引发聚乙二醇(PEG)在聚氯乙烯(PVC)表面固定化,进一步对固定PEG后的PVC进行肝素化处理,以改善PVC材料的抗凝血性能。探讨了PEG浓度对Ar等离子体固定化反应效果的影响。通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和接触角测定研究了固定PEG前后PVC的表面性能和表面形貌的变化。XPS分析证实肝素已成功地共价键合于PVC表面。采用体外凝血时间测定和血小板粘附实验对材料的抗凝血性能进行评价,结果表明,被修饰PVC材料的抗凝血性能显著提高。     

用FTIR研究线形多嵌段聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯、氯化聚氯乙烯共混相容性

用溶液法得到线形多嵌段聚氨酯（PU）与聚氯乙烯（PV）、氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）的共混物。用FTIR研究PU/PVC、PU／CPVC共混物的相容性，发现PVC、CPVC的加入破坏了PU中原来的氢键，并且PU中的炭基（C=0）与PVC、CPVC中的α－H形成了新的氢键，因而说明了PU／PVC、PU／CPVC共混物具有良好的相容性。     

Migration of Additives from Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) Tubes into Aqueous Media

The stability and migration product of medical PVC tubes plasticized with polyadipates were investigated by ageing in phosphate buffer at pH 1.679 and water at different temperatures. Changes in the PVC tubes were studied by water absorption, weight loss, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The low molecular weight migration product that was released was extracted and silylanized before gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) identification and quantification. After 70 days, the weight loss was less than 0.5% and only a small amount of adipic acid migrated when a tube was aged at 37°C in water and phosphate buffer (pH 1.679), and at 70°C in water after 56 days. However, when aged at 70 and 110°C, gradual deactivation of heat stabilizer after 21 days of ageing in buffer solution and separation of plasticizer from PVC matrix occurred. When the tube was aged at 110°C, significant degradation of both polyadipates and PVC were observed. Adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol monomers and oligomers of polyadipate were the major migration products from polyadipates in the water ageing solution, while only a relatively high amount of adipic acid was identified as the main product in the buffer ageing solution.