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1.
Let
\mathfrakX{\mathfrak{X}} be a class of groups. A group G is called a minimal non-
\mathfrakX{\mathfrak{X}}-group if it is not an
\mathfrakX{\mathfrak{X}}-group but all of whose proper subgroups are
\mathfrakX{\mathfrak{X}}-groups. In [16], Xu proved that if G is a soluble minimal non-Baer-group, then G/G
′′ is a minimal non-nilpotent-group which possesses a maximal subgroup. In the present note, we prove that if G is a soluble minimal non-(finite-by-Baer)-group, then for all integer n ≥ 2, G/γ
n
(G′) is a minimal non-(finite-by-abelian)-group. 相似文献
2.
3.
Let (X, Xn; n ≥1) be a sequence of i.i.d, random variables taking values in a real separable Hilbert space (H, ||·||) with covariance operator ∑. Set Sn = X1 + X2 + ... + Xn, n≥ 1. We prove that, for b 〉 -1,
lim ε→0 ε^2(b+1) ∞ ∑n=1 (logn)^b/n^3/2 E{||Sn||-σε√nlogn}=σ^-2(b+1)/(2b+3)(b+1) B||Y|^2b+3
holds if EX=0,and E||X||^2(log||x||)^3bv(b+4)〈∞ where Y is a Gaussian random variable taking value in a real separable Hilbert space with mean zero and covariance operator ∑, and σ^2 denotes the largest eigenvalue of ∑. 相似文献
lim ε→0 ε^2(b+1) ∞ ∑n=1 (logn)^b/n^3/2 E{||Sn||-σε√nlogn}=σ^-2(b+1)/(2b+3)(b+1) B||Y|^2b+3
holds if EX=0,and E||X||^2(log||x||)^3bv(b+4)〈∞ where Y is a Gaussian random variable taking value in a real separable Hilbert space with mean zero and covariance operator ∑, and σ^2 denotes the largest eigenvalue of ∑. 相似文献
4.
We show for a finite abelian groupG and any element in the image of the Swan homomorphism sw:
that it can be realized as the finiteness obstruction of a finitely dominated connectedCW-complexX with fundamental group π1(X) =G such that π1(X) is equal to the subgroupG
1(X) defined by Gottlieb. This is motivated by the observation that anyH-spaceX satisfies π1(X) =G
1(X) and still the problem is open whether any finitely dominatedH-space is up to homotopy finite. 相似文献
5.
In this paper we investigate the spectral exponent, i.e. logarithm of the spectral radius of operators having the form
and acting in spaces Lp(X, μ), where X is a compact topological space, φk∈C(X), φ = (φk)k=1N∈C(X)N, and
are linear positive operators (Ukf≥ 0 for f≥ 0). We consider the spectral exponent ln r(Aφ) as a functional depending on vector-function φ. We prove that ln r(Aφ) is continuous and on a certain subspace
of C(X)N is also convex. This yields that the spectral exponent is the Fenchel-Legendre transform of a convex functional
defined on a set
of continuous linear positive and normalized functionals on the subspace
of coefficients φ that is
相似文献
6.
Hari Bercovici 《Complex Analysis and Operator Theory》2007,1(3):335-339
Consider a domain
, and two analytic matrix-valued functions functions
. Consider also points
and positive integers n
1, n
2, . . . , n
N
. We are interested in the existence of an analytic function
such that X(ω) is invertible, and G(ω) coincides with X(ω)F(ω)X(ω)−1 up to order n
j
at the point ω
j
. We will see that such a function exists provided that F(ω
j
),G(ω
j
) have cyclic vectors, and the characteristic polynomials of F,G coincide up to order n
j
at ω
j
. This allows one to give a short proof to a result of Huang, Marcantognini and Young concerning spectral interpolation in
the unit disk.
The author was partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
Received: September 8, 2006. Accepted: January 11, 2007. 相似文献
7.
The pseudorelativistic Hamiltonian
is considered under wide conditions on potentials A(x), W(x). It is assumed that a real point λ is regular for G1/2. Let G1/2(α)=G1/2−αV, where α>0, V(x)≥0, and V ∈L
d(ℝd). Denote by N(λ, α) the number of eigenvalues of G1/2(t) that cross the point λ as t increases from 0 to α. A Weyl-type asymptotics is obtained for N(λ, α) as α→∞. Bibliography:
5 titles.
To O. A. Ladyzhenskaya
Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 249, 1997. pp. 102–117.
Translated by A. B. Pushnitskii. 相似文献
8.
I. K. Matsak 《Ukrainian Mathematical Journal》1999,51(9):1352-1361
We study the convergence of distributions of integral functionals of random processes of the formU
n
(t)=b
n
(Z
n
(t)-a
n
G(t)),t⃛T, where {X=X(t), t⃛T} is a random process,X
n
,n≥1, are independent copies ofX, andZ
n
(t)=max1≤k≤n
X
k
(t).
Ukrainian State Academy of Light Industry, Kiev. Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 51, No. 9, pp. 1201–1209,
September, 1999. 相似文献
9.
LetX be a Banach space and letA be the infinitesimal generator of a differentiable semigroup {T(t) |t ≥ 0}, i.e. aC
0-semigroup such thatt ↦T(t)x is differentiable on (0, ∞) for everyx εX. LetB be a bounded linear operator onX and let {S(t) |t ≥ 0} be the semigroup generated byA +B. Renardy recently gave an example which shows that {S(t) |t ≥ 0} need not be differentiable. In this paper we give a condition on the growth of ‖T′(t)‖ ast ↓ 0 which is sufficient to ensure that {S(t) |t ≥ 0} is differentiable. Moreover, we use Renardy’s example to study the optimality of our growth condition. Our results can
be summarized roughly as follows:
We also show that if lim sup
t→0+t
p ‖T′(t)‖<∞ for a givenp ε [1, ∞), then lim sup
t→0+t
p‖S′(t)‖<∞; it was known previously that if limsup
t→0+t
p‖T′(t)‖<∞, then {S(t) |t ≥ 0} is differentiable and limsup
t→0+t
2p–1‖S′(t)‖<∞. 相似文献
(i) | If lim sup t→0+t log‖T′(t)‖/log(1/2) = 0 then {S(t) |t ≥ 0} is differentiable. |
(ii) | If 0<L=lim sup t→0+t log‖T′(t)‖/log(1/2)<∞ thent ↦S(t ) is differentiable on (L, ∞) in the uniform operator topology, but need not be differentiable near zero |
(iii) | For each function α: (0, 1) → (0, ∞) with α(t)/log(1/t) → ∞ ast ↓ 0, Renardy’s example can be adjusted so that limsup t→0+t log‖T′(t)‖/α(t) = 0 andt →S(t) is nowhere differentiable on (0, ∞). |
10.
Adam Bobrowski 《Journal of Evolution Equations》2007,7(3):555-565
Let
be a locally compact Hausdorff space. Let A and B be two generators of Feller semigroups in
with related Feller processes {X
A
(t), t ≥ 0} and {X
B
(t), t ≥ 0} and let α and β be two non-negative continuous functions on
with α + β = 1. Assume that the closure C of C
0 = αA + βB with
generates a Feller semigroup {T
C
(t), t ≥ 0} in
. It is natural to think of a related Feller process {X
C
(t), t ≥ 0} as that evolving according to the following heuristic rules. Conditional on being at a point
, with probability α(p) the process behaves like {X
A
(t), t ≥ 0} and with probability β(p) it behaves like {X
B
(t), t ≥ 0}. We provide an approximation of {T
C
(t), t ≥ 0} via a sequence of semigroups acting in
that supports this interpretation. This work is motivated by the recent model of stochastic gene expression due to Lipniacki
et al. [17]. 相似文献
11.
Let X be a locally compact topological space and (X, E, Xω) be any triple consisting of a hyperfinite set X in a sufficiently saturated nonstandard universe, a monadic equivalence relation E on X, and an E-closed galactic set Xω ⊆ X, such that all internal subsets of Xω are relatively compact in the induced topology and X is homeomorphic to the quotient Xω/E. We will show that each regular complex Borel measure on X can be obtained by pushing down the Loeb measure induced by some internal function
X ? *\Bbb CX \rightarrow {}{^{\ast}{\Bbb C}}
. The construction gives rise to an isometric isomorphism of the Banach space M(X) of all regular complex Borel measures on X, normed by total variation, and the quotient
Mw(X)/M0(X){\cal M}_{\omega}(X)/{\cal M}_0(X)
, for certain external subspaces
M0(X), Mw(X){\cal M}_0(X), {\cal M}_{\omega}(X)
of the hyperfinite dimensional Banach space
*\Bbb CX{}{^{\ast}{\Bbb C}}^X
, with the norm ‖f‖1 = ∑x ∈ X |f(x)|. If additionally X = G is a hyperfinite group, Xω = Gω is a galactic subgroup of G, E is the equivalence corresponding to a normal monadic subgroup G0 of Gω, and G is isomorphic to the locally compact group Gω/G0, then the above Banach space isomorphism preserves the convolution, as well, i.e., M(G) and
Mw(G)/M0(G){\cal M}_{\omega}(G)/{\cal M}_0(G)
are isometrically isomorphic as Banach algebras. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, we give a sufficient condition for a graph to have a degree bounded spanning tree. Let n ≥ 1, k ≥ 3, c ≥ 0 and G be an n-connected graph. Suppose that for every independent set ${S \subseteq V(G)}In this paper, we give a sufficient condition for a graph to have a degree bounded spanning tree. Let n ≥ 1, k ≥ 3, c ≥ 0 and G be an n-connected graph. Suppose that for every independent set S í V(G){S \subseteq V(G)} of cardinality n(k−1) + c + 2, there exists a vertex set X í S{X \subseteq S} of cardinality k such that the degree sum of vertices in X is at least |V(G)| − c −1. Then G has a spanning tree T with maximum degree at most k+éc/nù{k+\lceil c/n\rceil} and ?v ? V(T)max{dT(v)-k,0} £ c{\sum_{v\in V(T)}\max\{d_T(v)-k,0\}\leq c} . 相似文献
13.
Domingo Pestana José M. Rodríguez José M. Sigarreta María Villeta 《Central European Journal of Mathematics》2012,10(3):1141-1151
If X is a geodesic metric space and x
1; x
2; x
3 ∈ X, a geodesic triangle T = {x
1; x
2; x
3} is the union of the three geodesics [x
1
x
2], [x
2
x
3] and [x
3
x
1] in X. The space X is δ-hyperbolic (in the Gromov sense) if any side of T is contained in a δ-neighborhood of the union of the two other sides, for every geodesic triangle T in X. We denote by δ(X) the sharp hyperbolicity constant of X, i.e., δ(X) = inf {δ ≥ 0: X is δ-hyperbolic}. We obtain information about the hyperbolicity constant of cubic graphs (graphs with all of their vertices of
degree 3), and prove that for any graph G with bounded degree there exists a cubic graph G* such that G is hyperbolic if and only if G* is hyperbolic. Moreover, we prove that for any cubic graph G with n vertices, we have δ(G) ≤ min {3n/16 + 1; n/4}. We characterize the cubic graphs G with δ(G) ≤ 1. Besides, we prove some inequalities involving the hyperbolicity constant and other parameters for cubic graphs. 相似文献
14.
Let X and Y be Banach spaces. A set
(the space of all weakly compact operators from X into Y) is weakly equicompact if, for every bounded sequence (x
n) in X, there exists a subsequence (x
k(n)) so that (Txk(n)) is uniformly weakly convergent for T ∈ M. In this paper, the notion of weakly equicompact set is used to obtain characterizations of spaces X such that
X ↩̸ ℓ1, of spaces X such that B
X*
is weak* sequentially compact and also to obtain several results concerning to the weak operator and the strong operator
topologies. As another application of weak equicompactness, we conclude a characterization of relatively compact sets in
when this space is endowed with the topology of uniform convergence on the class of all weakly null sequences. Finally, we
show that similar arguments can be applied to the study of uniformly completely continuous sets.
Received: 5 July 2006 相似文献
15.
Yoshiaki Fukuma 《Arkiv f?r Matematik》1997,35(2):299-311
Let (X, L) be a polarized 3-fold over the complex number field. In [Fk3], we proved thatg(L)≥q(X) ifh
0(L)≥2 and moreover we classified (X, L) withh
0(L)≥3 andg(L)=q(X), whereg(L) is the sectional genus of (X, L) andq(X)=dimH
1(O
X
) the irregularity ofX. In this paper we will classify polarized 3-folds (X, L) withh
0(L)≥4 andg(L)=q(X)+1 by the method of [Fk3]. 相似文献
16.
In this paper we extend and improve some results of the large deviation for random sums of random variables. Let {Xn;n 〉 1} be a sequence of non-negative, independent and identically distributed random variables with common heavy-tailed distribution function F and finite mean μ ∈R^+, {N(n); n ≥0} be a sequence of negative binomial distributed random variables with a parameter p C (0, 1), n ≥ 0, let {M(n); n ≥ 0} be a Poisson process with intensity λ 〉 0. Suppose {N(n); n ≥ 0}, {Xn; n≥1} and {M(n); n ≥ 0} are mutually independent. Write S(n) =N(n)∑i=1 Xi-cM(n).Under the assumption F ∈ C, we prove some large deviation results. These results can be applied to certain problems in insurance and finance. 相似文献
17.
Peter Abramenko 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》1994,87(1-3):203-223
LetG be a simple Chevalley group of rankn and Γ=G(
). Then the finiteness length of Γ shall be determined by studying the action of Γ on the Bruhat-Tits buildingX ofG
. This is always possible provided that certain subcomplexes of the links of simplices inX are spherical. As a consequence, one obtains that Γ is of typeF
n−1 but not of typeFP
n ifG is of typeA
n, Bn, Cn orD
n andq≥22n−1. 相似文献
18.
Bill Jackson 《Combinatorica》2010,30(1):69-81
Let G be a graph without loops or bridges and a, b be positive real numbers with b ≥ a(a+2). We show that the Tutte polynomial of G satisfies the inequality T
G
(b, 0)T
G
(0, b) ≥ T
G
(a, a)2. Our result was inspired by a conjecture of Merino and Welsh that T
G
(1, 1) ≤ max{T
G
(2, 0),T
G
(0, 2)}. 相似文献
19.
E. I. Pancheva 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》1998,92(3):3911-3920
Given an extremal process X: [0,∞)→[0,∞)d with lower curve C and associated point process N={(tk, Xk):k≥0}, tk distinct and Xk independent, given a sequence ζ
n
=(τ
n
, ξ
n
), n≥1, of time-space changes (max-automorphisms of [0,∞)d+1), we study the limit behavior of the sequence of extremal processes Yn(t)=ξ
n
-1
○ X ○ τn(t)=Cn(t) V max {ξ
n
-1
○ Xk: tk ≤ τn(t){ ⇒ Y under a regularity condition on the norming sequence ζn and asymptotic negligibility of the max-increments of Yn. The limit class consists of self-similar (with respect to a group ηα=(σα, Lα), α>0, of time-space changes) extremal processes. By self-similarity here we mean the property Lα ○ Y(t)
=
d
Y ○ αα(t) for all α>0. The univariate marginals of Y are max-self-decomposable. If additionally the initial extremal process X is
assumed to have homogeneous max-increments, then the limit process is max-stable with homogeneous max-increments.
Supported by the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Sciences (grant No. MM 234/1996).
Proceedings of the Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models, Hajdúszoboszló, Hungary, 1997, Part I. 相似文献
20.
Nedžad Limić 《Applied Mathematics and Optimization》2011,64(1):101-133
Consider a non-symmetric generalized diffusion X(⋅) in ℝ
d
determined by the differential operator $A(\mbox{\boldmath{$A(\mbox{\boldmath{. In this paper the diffusion process is approximated by Markov jump processes X
n
(⋅), in homogeneous and isotropic grids G
n
⊂ℝ
d
, which converge in distribution in the Skorokhod space D([0,∞),ℝ
d
) to the diffusion X(⋅). The generators of X
n
(⋅) are constructed explicitly. Due to the homogeneity and isotropy of grids, the proposed method for d≥3 can be applied to processes for which the diffusion tensor $\{a_{ij}(\mbox{\boldmath{$\{a_{ij}(\mbox{\boldmath{ fulfills an additional condition. The proposed construction offers a simple method for simulation of sample paths of non-symmetric
generalized diffusion. Simulations are carried out in terms of jump processes X
n
(⋅). For piece-wise constant functions a
ij
on ℝ
d
and piece-wise continuous functions a
ij
on ℝ2 the construction and principal algorithm are described enabling an easy implementation into a computer code. 相似文献