Role of rotational states in the charge exchange of a dipole-bound anion with a polar molecule

The Landau-Herring method is applied to derive an analytical expression for the exchange interaction potential of a polar molecule with its own dipole-bound anion with account of the relative orientation of the dipole moments of the molecular cores. The potential obtained is used to calculate the cross-section of the resonant charge exchange of a polar molecule with a dipole-bound anion. The influence of the rotation of the molecular cores on the charge exchange cross section is analyzed. A new mechanism of transformation of the charge exchange reaction from quasi-resonant to resonant due to the compensation of the resonance detuning by changes in the rotational states of the colliding molecules is considered.     

Resonant charge exchange in slow collisions involving halogens and oxygen

The coupling of electron momenta is considered for the resonant charge exchange process in slow collisions. Because the electron transfer in this process occurs at large distances between the colliding atomic particles, where ion-atom interactions are relatively weak, we can separate different types of interaction and find the character of coupling of the electron momenta in the quasi-molecule, consisting of the colliding ion and its atom, for real collision pairs. Since the real number of interaction types for colliding particles exceeds that used in the classical Hund coupling scheme, there are intermediate cases of momentum coupling outside the standard Hund scheme. This occurs for the resonant charge exchange involving halogens and oxygen where the quantum numbers of the quasi-molecule in the course of the electron transfer are the total momenta J and j of the colliding ion and atom and the projection M or M_J of the atom orbital or total momentum on the quasi-molecule axis. The ion-atom exchange interaction potential is independent of the ion fine state, and under these conditions, the resonant charge exchange process is not entangled with the rotation of electron momenta, as in case “a” of the Hund coupling. The partial cross section of the resonant charge exchange process depends on quantum numbers of the colliding particles. The average cross sections depend weakly on the coupling scheme.     

Optodynamic phenomena in aggregates of polydisperse plasmonic nanoparticles

We propose an optodynamical model of interaction of pulsed laser radiation with aggregates of spherical metallic nanoparticles embedded into host media. The model takes into account polydispersity of particles, pair interactions between the particles, dissipation of absorbed energy, heating and melting of the metallic core of particles and of their polymer adsorption layers, and heat exchange between electron and ion components of the particle material as well as heat exchange with the interparticle medium. Temperature dependence of the electron relaxation constant of the particle material and the effect of this dependence on interaction of nanoparticles with laser radiation are first taken into consideration. We study in detail light-induced processes in the simplest resonant domains of multiparticle aggregates consisting of two particles of an arbitrary size in aqueous medium. Optical interparticle forces are realized due to the light-induced dipole interaction. The dipole moment of each particle is calculated by the coupled dipole method (with correction for the effect of higher multipoles). We determined the role of various interrelated factors leading to photomodification of resonant domains and found an essential difference in the photomodification mechanisms between polydisperse and monodisperse nanostructures.     

Resonant charge exchange with the p-electron transition

The asymptotic resonant charge exchange theory is developed for slow collisions of atoms and ions with valent p-electrons. Because of a small rotation angle of the molecular axis in the course of the p-electron transition, the resonant charge exchange cross section is not sensitive to the rotational energy of colliding particles, and the cross sections are nearly equal for cases “a”, “b”, and “d” of the Hund coupling, and also for cases “c” and “e” of the Hund coupling. The cross sections of the resonant charge exchange process are evaluated under various conditions and for various elements of the periodical table with p-electron shells of atoms and ions.     

Colour intransparency and the cross sections for colour-singlet and colour-octet hadrons in the Low-Nussinov model

The dependence of cross sections on the colour state of the colliding hadrons is investigated within the Low-Nussinov model of two-gluon exchange. The total cross sections for colour-octet hadrons are practically constant as functions of the hadronic radii, while they tend to zero when the radii of the colour-singlet hadrons approach zero. The slope parameter of the differential clastic cross sections for small momentum transfers is rather insensitive to the colour structure of the colliding hadrons. The integrated colour exchange cross section is calculated.     

中能重离子碰撞中前平衡核子发射的同位旋效应

利用同位旋相关的输运理论,研究了中能重离子碰撞中丰中子和缺中子碰撞系统在较宽能区范围内前平衡发射核子的同位旋效应.结果表明除低能区外,在100MeV/u以上核子–核子碰撞动力学效应起主要作用的能区,前平衡发射的中子–质子比仍然对介质中核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋效应不灵敏,然而对于对称势的改变非常灵敏.故从低能量到较高能量的较大能区内,前平衡发射的中子–质子比的理论值与实验值的比较是提取对称势形式和强度的灵敏探针.     

重离子碰撞中原子核阻止的同位旋效应

利用含有3种对称势形式的同位旋相关的量子分子动力学,研究了中能重离子碰撞中原子核阻止的同位旋效应和随入射道条件的系统演化过程.计算结果表明,原子核阻止灵敏地依赖束流能量、碰撞参数、碰撞系统的质量和核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋相关性,而3种对称势和碰撞系统的中质比对它的影响不很明显,但在大约费米能量以下能区,原子核阻止同时依赖于介质中核子–核子碰撞截面和对称势.故认为在费米能量以上能区直至150MeV/u,原子核阻止是提取介质中核子–核子碰撞截面的一个新的物理观测量.     

重离子碰撞中的同位旋效应

根据近年来利用同位旋相关输运理论在中能重离子碰撞同位旋效应研究方面的成果 ,并结合国际上在该问题上的进展 ,综合介绍和分析了中能重离子碰撞中的多重碎裂、原子核阻止和前平衡发射中子-质子比的同位旋效应及其随入射道条件:入射能量、碰撞参数、碰撞系统的质量 ,特别是随中子-质子比的演化过程.讨论了利用以上物理观测量在提取同位旋非对称核物质状态方程知识方面的可能性 ,并对其发展进行了展望. Based on the achievements for the intermediate energy heavy ion collision in our recent work and the progresses in the world, the isospin effects and the dependence of the entrance channel conditions on them in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions were introduced, analysed and commended. From the calculation results by using isospin dependence quantum molecular dynamics, it is clear to see that the nuclear stopping power strongly depends on the in medium isospin dependence...     

Nonrelativistic dyon-dyon scattering

The nonrelativistic problem of the scattering of two dyons (including the case of electron scattering by magnetic monopoles) is systematically studied, both classically and quantum mechanically, with a view toward the discrimination between various combinations of electric and magnetic charges. We analyze the classical cross section with particular attention to the interesting phenomena which occur for large angle scattering, the “rainbows” and “glory,” where the cross section becomes infinite. Quantum mechanically, we find that these infinities do not occur and that, when the partial wave scattering amplitude is summed, a very elaborate structure emerges for the cross section, which depends sensitively upon the electric and magnetic charges of the particles, as well as on their relative speed. We further discuss a large modification, leading to spin flip and nonflip amplitudes, due to the dipole moments of the particles. Numerical results are presented for a variety of values of these parameters. In principle, these results could be used to distinguish the δ-ray distributions produced by the various species of electrically and magnetically charged particles. Quite apart from the experimental implications of our numerical results, we have made a number of theoretical improvements and extensions. Numbered among these are the consideration of dyons and particles having dipole moments, and the explicit demonstration, based on the methods of angular momentum, that the differential cross section is independent of the choice of singularity line.     

Ionization,charge exchange,and excitation during collisions of sodium ions with argon

The absolute values of cross sections of ionization, charge exchange, and excitation during Na⁺-Ar collisions are measured in the ion energy range 0.5–10.0 keV. Experiments are performed by a modified method of transverse electric field and by the optical spectrometry method. The mechanisms for realization of inelastic channels are explained qualitatively on the basis of a schematic correlation diagram of diabatic quasi-molecular energy levels of a system of colliding particles. The quasi-molecular nature of interaction is revealed for excitation processes. The excitation mechanisms of collision partners are established. A noticeable contribution to the excitation of the 4s state of the argon atom comes from the cascade transition from upper-lying 4p and 3d levels. An oscillatory structure is observed in the excitation functions of atomic lines of ArI (104.8 and 106.7 nm). The shape of the curve describing the dependence of the charge-exchange cross section on the collision energy is explained by the presence of two nonadiabaticity regions. In the low-energy region (up to E = 2 keV), charge exchange is due to electron capture to the ground state as a result of Σ–Σ transitions, while Σ–Π transitions associated with the rotation of internuclear axis play the leading role in charge exchange in the energy range E > 3 keV. The contribution of a number of inelastic channel is estimated for the ionization process. It is found that the main contribution to ionization is associated with the decay of self-ionization states in an isolated atom.     

Structure en bande du noyau 22Na: Le premier niveau Jπ = 6+

We investigate the two-body photodisintegration of ³He and its inverse, radiative p-d capture using bound-state functions corresponding to the N-N interaction being given by the Reid soft-core potential. For the two-body photodisintegration of ³He Coulomb effects and the final-state interactions between the proton and deuteron are not included. At low energy the shape of the angular distribution agrees well with experiment, but the 90° cross section exhibits an anomalous peak at 15 MeV due to electric dipole transitions connecting the deuteron and ³He D-states. The low-energy cross section is 25–40 % too small. The intermediate-energy angular distribution peaks too near the forward direction, and, contrary to experiment, has a minimum at 100°. At higher energy the 90° cross section in the center-of-momentum frame is at least an order of magnitude too small, but does display the correct energy dependence. This energy dependence is related to the properties of the bound-state wave functions and it is plausible that it will persist in an improved treatment (e.g. one which includes exchange currents) which properly accounts for the magnitude of the cross section. Contributions from the ³He S-states are negligible for photon energies between 100 and 150 MeV, but are dominant outside this energy region.     

Resonant electron-positron pair photoproduction on a nucleus in a pulsed light field

The resonant photoproduction of an electron-positron pair on a nucleus in the field of a pulsed light wave is studied theoretically. The approximation where the electromagnetic pulse duration is much longer than the characteristic time of wave oscillations is considered. The interaction of the electron and positron with the Coulomb potential of the nucleus is considered in the Born approximation. An analytical expression for the resonant differential cross section is derived for the range of moderately strong external fields. This cross section contains a resonant peak whose height and width are determined by the external pulsed wave characteristics. The resonant cross section for pair photoproduction on a nucleus in a pulsed laser field can exceed the corresponding cross section for pair photoproduction on a nucleus in the absence of an external field by an order of magnitude.     

Bremsstrahlung produced by colliding particles in an external electric field

We have used the nonrelativistic dipole Born approximation to study bremsstrahlung from two colliding charged particles in a uniform electric field. We have calculated the differential cross sections for photon emission as the system transitions into various states of internal motion. We find the cross sections exhibit spatial anisotropy due to the uniform electric field, and that oscillations can arise that are probably due to interference effects between the colliding particles.Khabarovskii State Pedagogical University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 46–50, July, 1994.     

电子和X射线激发原子核

本文研究了关於电子激发原子核的理论。对当原子核由於各多极核矩和电子的电磁相互作用而引起的激发截面进行了一些估计,并且导出表示电子和X射线对原子核激发现象相互关系的公式。这公式仅是原子核能级跃迁中的能量、角动量、和宇称的函数,而不因其他原子核性质而变。把理论的结果和激发In¹¹⁵的试验测量作了一些比较。不过因为缺乏充分的实验测量数据,没能从这比较上得到肯定的结论。於是建议了一些可能进行的研究原子核能级的试验方法。     

Virtual photon exchange,intermolecular interactions and optical response functions

According to molecular quantum electrodynamics, coupling between material particles occurs due to an exchange of one or more virtual photons. In this work, the relationship between polarisability and hyperpolarisability tensors of atoms and molecules that feature in linear and nonlinear optical processes, and their analytically continued form in the complex frequency domain that appear in formulae describing fundamental inter-particle interactions, is studied. Examples involving a single virtual photon exchange, which are linearly proportional to electric dipole moments at each centre, include the electrostatic energy and the resonant transfer of excitation energy. The Casimir–Polder dispersion potential, and its discriminatory counterpart applicable to coupled chiral molecules, are used to illustrate response properties depending on the exchange of two virtual photons. Meanwhile, the energy shift between two hyperpolarisable species, a higher order discriminatory contribution to the dispersion potential, is employed to represent forces arising from the three virtual photon exchange. It is shown that for energy shifts that are quadratic or bilinear or cubic in the transition dipole moment, it is necessary to account for all two- and three-photon optical processes, such as absorption, emission and linear and nonlinear scattering of light in order to arrive at the correct form of the molecular response tensor.     

Nuclear stopping as a probe for in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

Using an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics, nuclear stopping in intermediate heavy ion collisions has been studied. The calculation has been done for colliding systems with different neutron-proton ratios in beam energy ranging from 15 MeV/ u to 150 MeV/ u. It is found that, in the energy region from above Fermi energy to 150 MeV/ u, nuclear stopping is very sensitive to the isospin dependence of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section, but insensitive to symmetry potential. From this investigation, we propose that nuclear stopping can be used as a new probe to extract the information on the isospin dependence of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions.     

Calculation of Interaction Potentials between Spherical and Deformed Nuclei

The interaction potential for spherical-deformed reaction partners is calculated. The shape, separation and orientation dependence of the interaction potential and fusion cross section of the system ^32S＋^154Sm are investigated within the double-folding model of the deformed nuclei. The effective nucleon-nucleon interaction is taken to be the M3Y-Reid potential. The density is considered for three terms of the expansion using the truncated multipole expansion method, which is a deformed Fermi shape With quadrupole and hexadecapole for the density distribution of ^154Sm. It is found for the interaction potential that the height and the position of barrier strongly depend on the deformations, the orientation angle of the deformed nucleus, and hence produce great effects on fusion cross section. The integrated fusion cross section is in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Dipole capture of a slow electron by a water cluster

It is shown that the anomalously large cross section for attachment of a slow electron to a water cluster (H₂O) _n≥50 that is observed in molecular-beam experiments may be explained by the capture of the electron by a long-range field of the permanent electric dipole moment of the cluster. The cross section values are used to estimate the dipole moment of the cluster as a function of its diameter n. The values obtained significantly exceed the random dipole moments in the case of the proton-disordered cluster structure and indicate the ferroelectric ordering of the orientations of dipole moments of the molecules included in the cluster.