Conservative high precision pseudo arc-length method for strong discontinuity of detonation wave

A hyperbolic conservation equation can easily generate strong discontinuous solutions such as shock waves and contact discontinuity. By introducing the arc-length parameter, the pseudo arc-length method(PALM) smoothens the discontinuous solution in the arc-length space. This in turn weakens the singularity of the equation. To avoid constructing a high-order scheme directly in the deformed physical space, the entire calculation process is conducted in a uniform orthogonal arc-length space. Furthe...     

计算动力学中的伪弧长方法研究

动力学问题通常采用微分方程来描绘,但由于工程实际问题的复杂性,微分方程模型常伴随着解的不连续性、刚性或激波间断奇异性特点,传统方法很难求解,奇异性问题是计算动力学难点,同时也是国内外学者研究的热点.伪弧长数值算法是针对计算动力学中的奇异性问题所提出的,其基本思想为通过在解曲线上引入伪弧长参数,并增加一个约束方程,在伪弧长参数作用下,使得原始离散单元发生扭曲形变,从而达到消除或减弱奇异性的目的.本文首先介绍伪弧长方法求解定常对流-扩散方程的奇异性问题,并提出针对双曲守恒定律的局部伪弧长算法,其思想在于首先通过间断解的梯度变换来确定强间断所处位置,进而通过局部网格点重构以及数值修正来达到强间断处奇异性消除与降低的目的.针对高维问题,提出全局伪弧长方法,通过对整个计算区域内的网格点进行重构,使得所有网格点向奇异间断点处移动,从而降低间断点的影响域,达到降低奇异性的目的.重点讨论了三维全局伪弧长算法问题的计算难点,即三维空间网格扭曲大变形导致的数值算法不收敛,并提出在算法设计过程中采用分块重构与整体计算相结合的策略,实现了三维空间中的伪弧长数值算法,最后通过数值实验来验证伪弧长算法对于奇异性问题的有效性.     

爆炸冲击波强间断问题的高阶伪弧长算法研究

为了提高对冲击波强间断处的分辨率,通过引入弧长参数,使网格自适应地朝着间断处移动,并结合高精度WENO数值格式,进而达到了对大梯度物理量的高分辨率捕捉。针对网格移动造成的非均匀和非正交现象,通过坐标变换,使得计算过程在均匀正交的计算空间中进行。通过和有限体积下的数值结果对比,结合数值误差分析,可以看到高阶伪弧长数值算法不仅保证了高精度而且对间断的捕捉更加明显,在间断附近解的整体光滑性较好,网格的自适应移动使得解的奇异性得到了削弱,因此可以削弱高阶格式容易引起数值振荡这个缺点。最后采用高阶伪弧长算法计算了化学反应流问题,结果表明高阶伪弧长算法有着较快的收敛率,对于解决爆炸与冲击强间断问题有着较为明显的优势。     

双曲偏微分方程的局部伪弧长方法研究

重点研究了局部伪弧长方法在处理偏微分方程,尤其是双曲型偏微分方程出现激波间断的奇异性问题,对比分析了全局伪弧长方法空间转化的形式及其网格自适应的性质。为提高求解效率,提出了局部伪弧长方法,利用激波间断的性质,给出了判断奇异点位置以及模板选择的方法,涉及如何处理激波振荡,如何引入弧长参数,以及怎样求解间断等问题。通过数值算例验证了局部伪弧长在激波捕捉和追踪方面的可行性,通过比较局部伪弧长方法与Godunov方法处理不同初值条件的双曲问题,显示出局部伪弧长方法处理双曲偏微分方程的优越性,为伪弧长方法应用到物理问题奠定基础。     

一种全四边形网格生成方法——改进模板法

首先对全四边形单元网格自动剖分算法中的模板法进行了探讨，并提出了相应的改进方法。在此基础上提出了一种新的全四边形单元网格自动生成方法。该方法允许在两个方向上存在网格疏密过渡，并可以提高单元的密度要求自动计算亲单元每条边上的结点数，有效地对局部实施加密处理。     

爆轰波强间断问题的伪弧长算法及其人为解验证

针对该问题开展了伪弧长数值算法研究,通过引入弧长参数,使网格按照一定的形式自适应移动,达到在强间断区域自动加密的效果,从而提高网格分辨率。基于伪弧长算法编写了二维程序,并对程序进行人为解方法验证。将伪弧长算法和直接有限体积法的数值结果进行对比,通过误差分析,显示出伪弧长算法能有效提高计算精度。最后将伪弧长算法应用于气相爆轰波在二维管道中的传播问题,研究了波阵面的捕捉效果和爆轰波胞格结构的形成过程。     

High-order curvilinear mesh generation technique based on an improved radius basic function approach

A high-order curvilinear hybrid mesh generation technique is developed for high-order numerical method (eg, discontinuous Galerkin method) applications to improve the accuracy for problems with curve boundary. The grid generation technique is based on an improved radius basic function (RBF) approach by which the straight-edge mesh is converted into high-order curve mesh. Firstly, an initial straight-edge mesh is prepared by traditional grid generation software. Then, high-order interpolation points are inserted into the mesh entities such as edges, faces, and cells according to the final demand of mesh order. To preserve the original geometry, the inserted points on solid wall are then projected onto the CAD model using an open source tool “Open Cascade.” Finally, other inserted points in the field near the solid wall are moved to appropriate positions by the improved RBF approach to avoid tangled cells. If we use the original RBF approach, then the inserted points on the edge and face entities normal to the solid boundary in the region of boundary layer will move to improper positions. To overcome this problem, a weighting based on the local grid aspect ratio between normal direction and tangential direction is introduced into the baseline RBF approach. Three typical configurations are tested to validate the mesh generator. Meanwhile, a third-order solution of subsonic flow over an analytical 3D body of revolution in the second International Workshop on High-Order CFD Methods is supplied by a discontinuous Galerkin solver. These numerical tests demonstrate the potential capability of present technique for high-order simulations of complex geometries.     

基于单位分解法的无网格数值流形方法

在数值流形方法和单位分解法的基础上，提出了无网格数值流形方法. 无网格数值流形 方法在分析时采用了双重覆盖系统，即数学覆盖和物理覆盖. 数学覆盖提供的节点形成求解 域的有限覆盖和单位分解函数；而物理覆盖描述问题的几何区域及其域内不连续性. 与原有 的数值流形方法相比，无网格数值流形方法的数学覆盖形状更加灵活，可以用一系列节点的 影响域来建立数学覆盖和单位分解函数，具有无网格方法的特性，从而摆脱了传统的数值流 形方法中网格所带来的困难. 与无网格方法相比，由于采用了有限覆盖技术，试函数的构造 不受域内不连续的影响，克服了原有的无网格方法在处理不连续问题时所遇到的困难. 详细推导了无网格数值流形方法的试函数和求解方程，最后给出了算例，验证了该方法的正 确性.     

An adaptive moving finite element method for steady low Mach number compressible combustion problems

This work surveys an r-adaptive moving mesh finite element method for the numerical solution of premixed laminar flame problems. Since the model of chemically reacting flow involves many different modes with diverse length scales, the computation of such a problem is often extremely time-consuming. Importantly, to capture the significant characteristics of the flame structure when using detailed chemistry, a much more stringent requirement on the spatial resolution of the interior layers of some intermediate species is necessary. Here, we propose a moving mesh method in which the mesh is obtained from the solution of so-called moving mesh partial differential equations. Such equations result from the variational formulation of a minimization problem for a given target functional that characterizes the inherent difficulty in the numerical approximation of the underlying physical equations. Adaptive mesh movement has emerged as an area of intense research in mesh adaptation in the last decade. With this approach, points are only allowed to be shifted in space leaving the topology of the grid unchanged. In contrast to methods with local refinement, data structure hence is unchanged and load balancing is not an issue as grid points remain on the processor where they are. We will demonstrate the high potential of moving mesh methods for effectively optimizing the distribution of grid points to reach the required resolution for chemically reacting flows with extremely thin boundary layers.     

A mesh-free lattice Boltzmann solver for flows in complex geometries

Simulation of geometrically complicated flows in which mesh generators have severe mesh quality-related difficulties or even fail to create a mesh is one of the open problems in computational fluid dynamics. In this study, we have proposed a mesh-free lattice Boltzmann method for the solution of geometrically complex fluid flow problems. The main distinction of our method is to consider the streaming equation as a pure advection equation rather than a perfect shift, so that the physical space discretization becomes independent of the lattice. We discretize the advection equation using the Lax–Wendroff scheme in time and the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin scheme based on radial basis functions in space. We first solve two benchmark problems, namely the Poiseuille flow and the lid-driven cavity flow for the validation of the proposed method, and then simulate fluid flow in a two dimensional granular porous medium. The results show that our method outperforms the conventional lattice Boltzmann method in the simulation of geometrically complicated flows.     

非线性方程组的解法:局部弧长法

描述了一个新的非线性方程组的求解方法——局部弧长法．该方法是在弧长法的基础上发展起来的适合于材料非线性有限元分析的数值解法．其约束方程充分利用了结构中破坏区域内的非线性变形信息，有效地解决了材料非线性分析中的稳定性与收敛性问题．数值计算表明，该方法不仅适合于求解结构的极限承载能力，也适合于求解结构达到极限承载参力以后的荷载－变形的全过程     

A posteriori bounds for linear functional outputs of Crouzeix–Raviart finite element discretizations of the incompressible Stokes problem

A finite element technique is presented for the efficient generation of lower and upper bounds to outputs which are linear functionals of the solutions to the incompressible Stokes equations in two space dimensions. The finite element discretization is effected by Crouzeix–Raviart elements, the discontinuous pressure approximation of which is central to this approach. The bounds are based upon the construction of an augmented Lagrangian: the objective is a quadratic ‘energy’ reformulation of the desired output, the constraints are the finite element equilibrium equations (including the incompressibility constraint), and the inter‐sub‐domain continuity conditions on velocity. Appealing to the dual max–min problem for appropriately chosen candidate Lagrange multipliers then yields inexpensive bounds for the output associated with a fine‐mesh discretization. The Lagrange multipliers are generated by exploiting an associated coarse‐mesh approximation. In addition to the requisite coarse‐mesh calculations, the bound technique requires the solution of only local sub‐domain Stokes problems on the fine mesh. The method is illustrated for the Stokes equations, in which the outputs of interest are the flow rate past and the lift force on a body immersed in a channel. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二维Euler方程无网格算法的精度分析

在几种典型的点云布点方案中,分析了文献[3]中的无网格算法的计算精度。分析指出影响无网格算法计算精度的主要因素是点云中点的分布是否平衡;增加点云中节点的数目或者采用高阶曲面拟合都不能提高精度;这里的理论分析为无网格算法的布点提供了重要参考。     

High-order hybridisable discontinuous Galerkin method for the gas kinetic equation

ABSTRACT

The high-order hybridisable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method is used to find steady-state solution of gas kinetic equations on two-dimensional geometry. The velocity distribution function and its traces are approximated in piecewise polynomial space on triangular mesh and mesh skeleton, respectively. By employing a numerical flux derived from the upwind scheme and imposing its continuity on mesh skeleton, the global system for unknown traces is obtained with fewer coupled degrees of freedom, compared to the original DG method. The solutions of model equation for the Poiseuille flow through square channel show the higher order solver is faster than the lower order one. Moreover, the HDG scheme is more efficient than the original DG method when the degree of approximating polynomial is larger than 2. Finally, the developed scheme is extended to solve the Boltzmann equation with full collision operator, which can produce accurate results for shear-driven and thermally induced flows.     

数值流形方法及其在岩石力学中的应用

数值流形方法是目前岩石力学分析的主要方法之一.该方法起源于不连续变形分析,主要用于统一求解连续和非连续问题,其核心技术是在分析时采用了双重网格:数学网格提供的节点形成求解域的有限覆盖和权函数;而物理网格为求解的积分域.数学网格被用来建立数学覆盖,数学覆盖与物理网格的交集定义为物理覆盖,由物理覆盖的交集形成流形单元.流形方法的优点在于它使用了独立的数学和物理网格,具有和有限元明显不同的定义形式,且数学网格对于同一问题不同的求解精度的需求可以很方便地细化.由于该方法考虑了块体运动学,可以模拟节理岩体裂隙的开裂和闭合过程,因而在岩石力学中得到了广泛应用,近年来许多学者对该方法进行了研究.本文简要叙述了节理岩体的数值方法从连续到非连续的发展过程,详细地介绍了数值流形方法的组成和数值流形方法在岩石力学及其相关领域的研究和发展概况,最后就作者所关心的一些问题,如三维问题的数值流形方法、数值流形方法在物理非线性问题和裂纹扩展问题中的应用、相关的耦合方法等进行了探讨.      

Molecular models and flow calculations: II. Simulation of steady planar flow

A multibead-rod model is used to replace the constitutive equation of continuum mechanics in solving flow problems of steady-state planar flows of rigid-rodlike molecular suspensions. The governing equations then constitute a set of differential equations of the elliptic type, which is more amenable to numerical treatment than those of the mixed type. The conservation equations of the flow fields are solved by the boundary element method with linear boundary elements in physical space and the diffusion equation of the distribution function is solved separately by the Galerkin method in phase space. The solution to the flow problem is obtained when the convergence of the iteration procedure between the two spaces has been reached. Several numerical examples are shown and the interesting features of the present method are discussed in this paper. The project supported by the National Nature Science Fundation of China.     

A semi-analytical method for free vibration of straight orthotropic beams with rectangular cross-sections

On the basis of the two-dimensional elasticity equations with orthotropy, a semi-analytical method is proposed to analyze free vibration of straight beams with rectangular cross-sections. To this end, the state space method is combined with the differential quadrature method so that state equations with respect to state variables at discrete points are derived. The frequency equation for free vibration of straight orthotropic beams is then formulated. Numerical results are presented and compared with that available in the literature. The present method can be used to analyze either shallow or deep orthotropic beams with arbitrary end conditions.     

弹性力学中的一种非协调数值流形方法

通过引入数学和物理双重网格，将插值域与 积分域分别定义在不同的覆盖上，即在数学网格上进行插值函数的构造，物理网格上完成 系统能量泛函积分运算，最后通过覆盖权函数将二者联结在一起. 它的优点是单元网格划 分随意，不受复杂边界形状和二相材料界面的限制，单元可以是任意形状，是较之于有限 元方法更一般的数值模拟方法. 在4节点四边形数值流形方法中，由于单元总体位移函数 包含的完全多项式不完全，使得计算精度不够精确，为此，在单元总体位移函数上附 加非协调位移基本项，使之趋于完全，提出了弹性力学问题的一种改进的数值流形 方法------非协调数值流形方法. 通过内部自由度静力凝聚处理，导出了消除内参后的单元应变矩阵 和单元刚度矩阵，使得在不增加广义节点自由度的前提下，大大提高了数值流形方法的计 算精度和计算效率. 同时对非协调项进行了显式处理，可以对工程实践起到更切实的帮助. 数值试验表明，它们能够保证收敛，有较高的精度，对畸变不敏感，从而证明了该方法的 可行性.     

稀薄流到连续流的气体运动论模型方程算法研究

通过引入碰撞松弛参数和当地平衡态分布函数对BGK模型方程进行修正，确定含流态控制参数可描述不同流域气体流动特性的气体分子速度分布函数的简化控制方程。发展和应用离散速度坐标法于气体分子速度空间，利用一套在物理空间和时间上连续而速度空间离散的分布函数来代替原分布函数对速度空间的连续依赖性。基于非定常时间分裂数值计算方法和无波动、无自由参数的NND耗散差分格式，建立直接求解气体分子速度分布函数的气体运动论有限差分数值方法。推广应用改进的Gauss-Hermite无穷积分法和华罗庚－王元提出的以单和逼近重积分的黄金分割数论积分方法等，对离散速度空间进行宏观取矩获取物理空间各点的气体流动参数，由此发展一套从稀薄流到连续流各流域统一的气体运动论数值算法。通过对不同Knudsen数下一维激波管问题、二维圆柱绕流和三维球体绕流的初步数值实验表明文中发展的数值算法是可行的。     

求解力电耦合方程的控制弧长法

静电作用下的柔性薄板是微电机械的核心部件,其控制方程是变形控制方程和静电平衡方程构成的一组非线性耦合方程.本文在分别给出求解这两组方程数值方法的基础上,把控制弧长法进行了合理的推广,变直接加载电压为由构型控制的电压加载方式.结果表明这种方法不仅能够克服收敛性难的问题,而且能够得到致动板吸入失稳后的构形.算例还表明用本方法计算的吸入临界值要比用解析模型得到的临界值更接近实验值.