Unsymmetric-1,3-disubstituted imidazolium salt for palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides

A series of 1-(ferrocenylethyl)-3-substituted-imidazolium salts [3-substitute = 2,6-di(iso-propyl)phenyl (1a), 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (1b), tert-butyl (1c), 1-Ad (1d), cyclohexyl (1e)] have been synthesized from a racemic ferrocenylethyl acetate and the corresponding N-substituted imidazole in high yields (70–94%). A combination of Pd(OAc)₂ and 1a–d was found to form an excellent catalyst system for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides with phenylboronic acid in the presence of Cs₂CO₃.     

Ruthenium catalyzed amination cyclization of 1,2,4-butanetriol with primary amines: A borrowing hydrogen strategy for 3-pyrrolidinol synthesis

A ruthenium based catalytic system([Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2/XantPhos with substoichiometric Cs2CO3)has been established to effectively achieve the first direct amination cyclization of 1,2,4-butanetriol with primary aromatic amines.The product of this sustainable hydrogen autotransfer process is valuable Naryl-3-pyrrolidinol.     

Catalytic oxidation of alcohols with allyl diethyl phosphate and palladium acetate

Allyl diethyl phosphate (ADP) was found to function as a stoichiometric hydrogen acceptor in a catalytic oxidation reaction of alcohols with Pd(OAc)₂. A variety of acyclic primary and secondary alcohols were oxidized in good yields and under mild conditions to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones, in the presence of Na₂CO₃ or K₂CO₃. Simple aliphatic primary alcohols yielded esters, exclusively. Polar ligand solvents (DMF, DMSO) were found to accelerate the reaction. Slow, but high yield reactions were encountered in THF and acetonitrile as solvents. The reactivity of several other allyl systems serving as H-acceptors, and several Pd compounds serving as catalysts, in the above oxidation reaction, was evaluated. It has been experimentally demonstrated (H-NMR) that ADP is capable of generating a π-allyl-Pd complex using a Pd(0) complex. Consequently, a catalytic cycle was proposed for the above oxidation reaction.     

Reactivity of several deactivated 3-aminobenzo[b]thiophenes in the Buchwald–Hartwig C–N coupling. Scope and limitations

Di(hetero)arylamines were prepared in moderate to high yields by Buchwald–Hartwig C–N coupling of bromobenzenes bearing electron-withdrawing groups and of a bromobiphenyl with several methyl 3-aminobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylates, using the coupling conditions for heteroaromatic amines [Pd(OAc)₂, Xantphos, Cs₂CO₃ in dioxane, 120 °C]. The use of these aminobenzo[b]thiophenes as coupling components avoids the step of changing the amino group into a bromine atom, like we have done before to perform C–N couplings using the corresponding 3-bromobenzo[b]thiophenes. Nevertheless, the couplings using the methyl 3-aminobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylates were only successful with bromobenzenes bearing electron-withdrawing groups and a bromobiphenyl or with electron deficient rings such us as bromopyridines. Using the latter compounds, different substituted 6H-benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimid-6-ones were obtained by C–N coupling followed by an intramolecular cyclization. These tetracyclic compounds may have interesting biological activity like it was already demonstrated by us for the non substituted derivative.     

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in Heck-type reactions of orthometallated Pd and Pt complexes derived from (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane

The chiral bis-imine (1R,2R)-C₆H₁₀-[E---N=CH---C₆H₃---3,4-(OMe)₂]₂ 1 (LH) reacts with [Pd(OAc)₂] (1:1 molar ratio; OAc=acetate) giving the orthometallated [Pd(OAc)(C₆H₂---4,5-(OMe)₂---2-CH=N-(1R,2R)-C₆H₁₀---N=CH---C₆H₃-3′,4′-(OMe)₂-κ-C,N,N)] 2 (abbreviated as [Pd(OAc)(L-κ-C,N,N)]), through C---H bond activation on only one of the aryl rings and N,N-coordination of the two iminic N atoms. 2 reacts with an excess of LiCl to give [Pd(Cl)(L-κ-C,N,N)] 3. The reaction of 3 with AgClO₄ and neutral or anionic ligands L′ (1:1:1 molar ratio) affords [Pd(L-κ-C,N,N)(L′)](ClO₄) (L′=PPh₃ 4a, NCMe 5, pyridine 6, p-nitroaniline 7) or [Pd(I)(L-κ-C,N,N)] 8. Complex 4a reacts with wet CDCl₃ giving [Pd(C₆H₂---4,5-(OMe)₂---2-CH=N-(1R,2R)---C₆H₁₀---NH₂-κ-C,N,N)(PPh₃)](ClO₄) 4b as a result of the hydrolysis of the C=N bond not involved in the orthometallated ring. The molecular structure of 4b·CH₂Cl₂ has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Cleavage of the Pd---N bond trans to the C_aryl atom can be accomplished by coordination of strongly chelating ligands, such as acetylacetonate (acac) or bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe), forming [Pd(acac-O,O′)(L-κ-C,N)] 9 and [Pd(L-κ-C,N)(dppe-P,P′)](ClO₄) 12, while classical N,N′-chelating ligands such as 1,10-phenantroline (phen) or 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy) behave as monodentate N-donor ligands yielding [Pd(L-κ-C,N,N)(κ¹-N-phen)](ClO₄) 10 and [Pd(L-κ-C,N,N)(κ¹-N-bipy)](ClO₄) 11. Treatment of 1 with PtCl₂(DMSO)₂ (1:1 molar ratio) in refluxing 2-methoxyethanol gives Cl₂Pt[(NH₂)₂C₆H₁₀---N,N′] 13a and [Pt(Cl)(C₆H₂---4,5-(OMe)₂---2-CH=N-(1R,2R)---C₆H₁₀---NH₂-κ-C,N,N)] 13b, while [Pt(Cl)(L-κ-C,N,N)] 14 can be obtained by reaction of [Pt(μ-Cl)(η³-2-Me---C₃H₄)]₂ with 1 in refluxing CHCl₃. Complexes 2 and 3 catalyzed the arylation of methyl acrylate giving good yields of the corresponding methyl cinnamates and TON up to 847 000. Complex 3 also catalyzes the hydroarylation of 2-norbornene, but with lower yields and without enantioselectivity.     

Simultaneous Reduction of Aldehyde Group to Hydroxymethyl Group in Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki Cross-coupling Reaction

The authors presented an efficient method for the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with the simultaneous reduction of the aldehyde to a hydroxymethyl group.This method allows halide substituted aryl aldehydes to readily react with arylboronic acids,producing polycyclic aromatic alcohols in moderate to good yields.The reaction was catalyzed by Pd（OAc）2（3％,molar fraction） at 150 ℃ in the presence of 6％（molar fraction）1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane（DABCO） and 3 times the molecular weight of K2CO3 in the mixture solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide（DMF）/H2O [V（DMF）∶ V（H2O）=5∶1].     

肉桂醛催化选择加氢反应中双金属的协同效应

对既含有ＣＣ键又含有ＣＯ键的分子,ＣＣ键的选择加氢意义重大［１］．α,β不饱和醛选择加氢成饱和醛就属于此类．钯是已知的可在温和条件下将α,β不饱和醛选择加氢生成饱和醛最有效的催化剂之一．人们曾研究了不同钯化合物催化剂对α,β不饱和醛中ＣＣ的双键选择加...     

钌碳耦合碱还原催化降解三倍体毛白杨

化石资源的过度消耗及因此产生的环境问题驱动了生物质资源各组分转化为燃料、化学品及材料的研究发展.木质素是自然界最丰富的可再生芳香碳氢资源,也是生物质中最难以实现高值化利用的组分.将木质素催化降解生成苯酚类单体化合物是其高值化利用的关键,因此开发新型催化体系对于提高当前生物精炼产业经济效益具有重要意义.本文利用钌碳耦合碱...     

Spiro(phosphoamidite) ligand (SIPHOS)/Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed highly regio- and stereo-selective hydroborations of internal alkynes with diborane in water

The highly regio- and stereoselective hydroborations of unactivated internal alkynes with diboron compound catalyzed by Cu(OTf)₂ with spiro(phosphoamidite) as ligand in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ in water was developed. This protocol was applied efficiently in the aqueous synthesis of multi-substituted vinylboranes.     

Anchimeric assistance in solvolysis of an organosilicon chloride and acetate

The compound (Me₃Si)₃CSiMeClI reacts with Hg(OAc)₂ in AcOH to give (Me₃Si)₂C(SiMe₂OAc)₂, under conditions in which the chloride (Me₃Si)₃CSiMe₂Cl is inert. Similarly, (Me₃Si)₂C(SiMe₂OAc)₂ reacts with CF₃CO₂H to give (Me₃Si)₂C[SiMe₂(O₂CCF₃)]₂ under conditions in which (Me₃Si)₃CSiMe₂OAc is inert. The results can be accounted for in terms of anchimeric assistance by the neighbouring acetoxy or trifluoroacetoxy group to the breaking of the Si---Cl or Si---OAc bond.     

碱金属碳酸盐改性对Au/TS-1催化剂的丙烯气相环氧化活性和稳定性的提升作用研究

制备了不同碱金属碳酸盐（Na₂CO₃、K₂CO₃、Rb₂CO₃和Cs₂CO₃）超声浸渍改性的Au/TS-1催化剂，采用XRD、ICP、XPS、UV-vis、NH₃-TPD、FT-IR和HAADF-STEM等手段对催化剂结构性质进行了表征，研究了碱金属碳酸盐改性对Au/TS-1催化剂的丙烯气相环氧化活性和稳定性的影响。结果表明，碱金属碳酸盐改性可以降低Au/TS-1催化剂的表面酸性，减缓环氧丙烷（PO）在催化剂表面吸附引起的积炭失活，抑制金颗粒粒径的增大；此外，Cs₂CO₃和Rb₂CO₃改性还可减少Au/TS-1催化剂上的骨架外Ti含量。碱金属碳酸盐改性后的Au/TS-1的催化活性和稳定性都得到明显的改善，其中，Cs₂CO₃改性的Au/TS-1表现出最佳的催化活性，丙烯转化率为6.2%，环氧丙烷选择性为86.2%，氢气利用效率为26.2%。相关研究为提高Au/TS-1催化剂的丙烯气相环氧化活性和稳定性提供了新的思路。     

A new route for isoquinolines catalyzed by palladium

3-Bromopyridine-4-carbaldehyde is tethered with suitably electron withdrawing group substituted alkenes via Heck coupling followed by aldol reaction in dioxane at 150 °C under a catalytic system of Pd(OAc)₂/PPh₃/NaOAc to afford the corresponding isoquinolines in good yields.     

On the synthesis and structure of monoaryllead and diaryllead acetates RPb(OCOCH3)3 and R2Pb(OCOCH3)2

Anhydrous monoaryllead triacetates ArPb(OAc)₃ (Ar = Ph, p-Tolyl, o-Tolyl, 2,5-Xylyl; OAc = OCOMe) were prepared by arylation of Pb(OAc)₄ with ArSn(C₄H₉-n)₃ in the presence of Hg(OCOCF₃)₂. The procedure was adapted for the synthesis of diaryllead diacetates Ar₂Pb(OAc)₂ (Ar = Ph, p-Tolyl, o-Tolyl, p-ClC₆H₄, o-ClC₆H₄) and afforded products with higher purity than other procedures. The crystal structures of PhPb(OAc)₃, Ph₂Pb(OAc)₂ and (o-Tolyl)₂Pb(OAc)₂ were determined by X-ray diffraction. PhPb(OAc)₃ and (o-Tolyl)₂Pb(OAc)₂ are monomeric. The pentagonal bipyramid around Pb in PhPb(OAc)₃, like the trapezoidal bipyramid around Pb in (o-Tolyl)₂Pb(OAc)₂, is heavily distorted, the OAc groups being unsymmetrically chelating. Lead in Ph₂Pb(OAc)₂ is in a distorted octahedral environment. One OAc group is bridging, linking the molecular units to infinite chains, the other OAc group is symmetrically chelating. IR, ¹H, ¹³C and ²⁰⁷Pb NMR spectroscopic data are reported. The structures of p-TolPb(OAc)₃, o-TolPb(OAc)₃ and 2,5-XylPb(OAc)₃ are inferred to be similar to that of PhPb(OAc)₃, and the structure of (o-ClC₆H₄)₂Pb(OAc)₂ is inferred to be similar to that of (o-Tolyl)₂Pb(OAc)₂.     

Stereoselective Palladium-catalyzed Cross-coupling of (2-Amido-1-phenylpropyl)zinc Compounds with Aryl Bromides

A controllable diastereoselective C(sp²)―C(sp³) Negishi coupling reaction of secondary benzylic zinc reagents with aryl bromides to form medicinally important 2-arylphenylethylamines was demonstrated. In the presence of Pd(OAc)₂ and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl(S-phos), open-chain(2-amido-1-phenylethyl)zinc reagent bearing a β-NHAc or NHCHO group undergoes coupling reaction to give syn-1-arylphenylethylamine mainly, whereas the zinc reagent bearing a sterically hindered β-amido group, for example NHCOC(CH₃)₂OTBS undergoes the coupling reaction to yield anti-1-arylphenylethylamines with a configuration inversion. In addition, a working mechanism for the stereoselective Negishi cross-coupling was also proposed.     

Regioselective addition of protic acids to tricarbonyliron complexes of 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(methylene)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane. Crystal structure of (C10H10O)Fe2(CO)6

The main product of the thermal reaction between the title oxatetraene (I) and Fe₂(CO)₉ in ether/pentane is the bimetallic complex (C₁₀H₁₀O)Fe₂(CO)₆-diexo (II), which has C_2υ symmetry both in the solid state (X-ray analysis) and in solution. Whereas the protonation of the free ligand leads usually to polymerisation, the addition of a protic acid such as CF₃CO₂H to II proceeds cleanly at 0°C giving first a (η 3-allyl)Fe(CO)₃O₂CCF₃ complex (III). The intermediate III adds a second equivalent of acid in a slower step (k₂/k₁ = 0.1, CF₃CO₂D/CHCl₃, 0°C) giving the trans-bis(η³-allyl) isomer IV with high regioselectivity. The addition of CF₃CO₂D yields the corresponding deuteriomethylallyliron tricarbonyl trifluoroacetates III′ and IV′. No further deuterium incorporation is observed at 0°C, thus confirming the kinetic control of the regioselective double addition of protic acid to II.     

Efficient One-pot Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline and Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline Derivatives

A one-pot sequential reaction for efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline and pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoline derivatives has been developed. The reaction included firstly the Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction of isoquinoline(quinoline), acetylenedicarboxylate and alkynylbenzene and then Cs₂CO₃-promoted intramolecular cyclization reaction of initially formed 1-alkenyl-2-alkynyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline(1,2-dihydroquinoline).     

Lewis acid-catalyzed atom transfer radical cyclization of unsaturated β-keto amides

The Lewis acid-catalyzed atom transfer radical cyclization reactions of olefinic -bromo β-keto amides were investigated. It was found Lewis acid Yb(OTf)₃ or Mg(ClO₄)₂ not only promoted the cyclization reactions, but also resulted in excellent trans stereocontrol in the cyclization products. With the catalysis of Lewis acid Yb(OTf)₃ or Mg(ClO₄)₂ at −78°C in the presence of Et₃B/O₂, the cyclization reactions of C-olefinic β-keto amides provided cyclic ketones, while the cyclization reactions of N-olefinic β-keto amides led to the formation of γ-lactams, which could be converted to 3-aza-bicyclo[3,1,0]hexan-2-ones.     

Five-membered OsC3N heterocycles from osmium azavinylidenes as precursors

The azavinylidene osmium complex [(mes)Os(=N=CPh₂(PⁱPr₃)]PF₆ (3; MES = 1.3.5-C₆H₃Me₃), which was prepared in two steps from [(mes)OsCl₂(PⁱPr₃], CH₃CO₂Na/KPF₆ and HN=CPh₂, has been shown to react with trifluoracetic acid to give the isomeric heterocycle [(mes) ₆H₄)(Pⁱ Pr₃)]PF₆ (4) in almost quantitative yield. With CF₃CO₂D, the monodeuterated compound 4-d₄,containing a N---D unit in the five-membered ring, is obtained. An analogue of 4 with the composition [(mes) ₆H₄)(PMe₃)]X(X = PF₆ 14a, SbF₆ 14b) has been made both from [(mes)Os(=N=CPh₂)(PMe₃)]PF₆ 12 and CF₃CO₂H and from [(mes)OsCl(NH= CPh₂(PMe3)]SbF6 (13) and CF₃CO₂Ag. The reaction of 4 with NaH or KO^tBu gives the uncharged heterocycle [(mes) ₆ H₄)(PⁱPr₃)] (15), while treatment of [(mes)OsCl ₂(NH=CPh2)] (19) with NaS^tBu gives the related complex [(mes) ₆H₄)(S^t Bu)] (20). The crystal structure of 4 has been determined. kw]Osmium; Azavinylidene; Cyclometallation; Crystal structure; Arene complexes     

Catalytic effects of eight inorganic additives on pyrolysis of pine wood sawdust by microwave heating

In this paper, pyrolysis of pine wood sawdust was carried out by microwave heating at ca. 470 °C under dynamic nitrogen atmosphere. Eight inorganic additives (NaOH, Na₂CO₃, Na₂SiO₃, NaCl, TiO₂, HZSM-5, H₃PO₄, Fe₂(SO₄)₃) were investigated in terms of their catalytic effects on the pyrolysis. All of the eight additives have increased yields of solid products greatly and decreased yields of gaseous products more or less. Yields of liquid products have not subjected to dramatic change. The incondensable gases produced from pyrolysis consist mainly of H₂, CH₄, CO and CO₂. All of the eight additives have made these gases evolve earlier, among which the four sodium additives have the most marked effect. All the additives have made the amount of CH₄ and CO₂ decrease, while all of them except NaCl, TiO₂ and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ have made that of H₂ increase and all of them except Na₂SiO₃ and HZSM-5 have made that of CO decrease. Alkaline sodium compounds NaOH, Na₂CO₃ and Na₂SiO₃ favor H₂ formation most. The most abundant organic component in the liquid products from pyrolysis of untreated sample and samples treated by all the additives except H₃PO₄ and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ is acetol. All the four sodium compounds favor acetol formation reaction and the selection increasing effect follows the order of NaOH > Na₂CO₃ ≈ Na₂SiO₃ > NaCl. TiO₂ goes against the formation of acetol, HZSM-5 has no marked effect on acetol formation. The two dominant organic components identified in the liquid products from pyrolysis of H₃PO₄ and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ treated samples are both fufural and 4-methyl-2-methoxy-phenol. A possible pathway for acetol formation is tentatively proposed.     

钯催化炔丙醇与叔丁基异腈选择性合成吡咯并呋喃衍生物和氨基甲酸酯

报道了钯催化下炔丙醇与叔丁基异腈反应高选择性合成吡咯并呋喃衍生物和氨基甲酸酯的新方法.在10%(摩尔分数)Pd(OAc)₂与110%(摩尔分数)LiBr存在下,一分子炔丙醇与三分子叔丁基异腈在水的参与下发生“有序的”异腈三重插入反应,以56%～73%的产率高选择性地生成了吡咯并呋喃衍生物;而在10%(摩尔分数)Pd(PPh₃)₄和110%(摩尔分数)K₃PO₄存在下,一分子炔丙醇与一分子叔丁基异腈在空气中氧气的参与下发生简单氧化偶联反应,以51%～74%的产率生成了氨基甲酸酯.该方法仅通过简单改变钯催化剂与盐的种类就能得到不同产物,且反应选择性高,分别为吡咯并呋喃亚胺衍生物和氨基甲酸酯提供了有吸引力的合成途径.