On the theory of the acceleration of plasma electrons during stimulated scattering of an intense laser wave

The mechanism of electron acceleration in the stimulated Raman forward scattering of a monochromatic laser wave in a cold plasma is investigated theoretically. It is shown that as a result of the stochastic interaction of the electrons with the ponderomotive wave and with plasma waves excited in the scattering process, some of the electrons are accelerated to relativistic energies. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 3–8 (January 1999)     

部分离化激光等离子体的受激喇曼散射不稳定性

由于部分离化激光等离子体中存在束缚电子，它可显著改变其参量不稳定性。本文分析了部分离化激光等离子体的受激喇曼散射的非线性色散关系，计算了钕玻璃倍频和三倍频激光受激喇曼散射的增长率，结果表明，前向受激喇曼散射显著增强，后向受激喇曼散射影响不大。     

Investigation of a channeling high-intensity laser beam inunderdense plasmas

The interaction of an intense short pulse laser (>5×10 ¹⁸ Wcm^-2) with underdense plasma was extensively studied. The beam is found to be highly susceptible to the forward Raman scattering instability. At sufficiently high growth rates, this can lead to wavebreaking with the resultant production of a high flux of accelerated electrons (>10¹¹ for E>2 MeV). Some electrons are found to be accelerated well above the dephasing energy, up to 94 MeV. Self-scattered images intimate the presence of high-intensity channels that extend more than 3.5 mm or 12 Rayleigh lengths. These filaments do not follow the axis of laser propagation, but are seen to be emitted within an f4 cone centered around this axis. Spectra of the self-scattered light show that the main contribution of the scattering is not from light captured within these filaments. But there is evidence for self-phase modulation from effects such as ionization and relativistic self-focusing. However, no clear correlation is observed between channel length and the number or energies of accelerated electrons. Evidence for high intensities within the channels is given by small-angle Thomson scattering of the plasma wave generated therein, with this method, the intensity is found to be of the order of 10¹⁸ Wcm^-2 greater than 12 Rayleigh lengths from focus     

The nonlinear interaction of waves generated by the stimulated Raman scattering with plasma in the PALS experiment

This paper is devoted to the study of the nonlinear interaction of the waves generated by stimulated Raman scattering in plasma. The influence of nonlinear interaction of plasma wave with plasma electrons on the sum of action densities of waves generated by the laser wave is solved. The electron acceleration in the forward and backward wave fields is described. The change of the electric field of the quasimode of forward and backward plasma waves of Raman scattering given by trapping of plasma particles is calculated. Numerical results are calculated for typical parameters of the PALS experiment.     

Novel features of non-linear Raman instability in a laser plasma

The electron phase space evolution in a non-relativistic and homogeneous laser plasma generated by a nanosecond laser in a near infrared region in the presence of stimulated Raman scattering is investigated by a numerical simulation. The mechanism of electron acceleration in the potential wells of the plasma wave accompanying the Raman back-scattering is analyzed in a 1D Vlasov-Maxwell model. The dominant wave modes are both the backward and the forward propagating Raman waves, each accompanied by a daughter electrostatic wave. In addition to a strong interaction of plasma electrons with the primary electrostatic wave in the case of back-scattering, a cascading is observed consisting in a secondary scattering of the primary Raman back-scattered wave. This phenomenon reduces the Raman reflectivity and causes an acceleration of electrons against the direction of the heating laser beam. Moreover, the strong trapping in the primary electrostatic wave generated by the Raman back-scattering leads due to the trapped particle instability to a significant spectral broadening of the original plasma wave and a subsequent intermittent behaviour of the scattering process. The high phase velocity electrostatic daughter wave of the forward Raman scattering cannot trap the electrons directly, but there is an indication of non-resonant quasi-modes combined of this wave and of the simultaneously existing electrostatic daughter wave accompanying the Raman back-scattering. The transform method is used for a solution of the set of partial differential equations, which consists of the Vlasov equation and of the full set of Maxwell equations in a 1D approximation. A simplified Fokker-Planck collision term is added to overcome the numerical instabilities during the simulation. The model has relevance to a long scale plasma geometry, such as occurring in the indirect drive experiments near the light entrance holes of target hohlraum.     

Observation of Raman forward scattering and electron accelerationin the relativistic regime

Raman forward scattering (RFS) is observed in the interaction of a high intensity (>10¹⁸ W/cm²) short pulse (<1 ps) laser with an underdense plasma (n_e~10¹⁹ cm ^-3). Electrons are trapped and accelerated up to 44 MeV by the high-amplitude plasma wave produced by RFS. The laser spectrum is strongly modulated by the interaction, showing sidebands at the plasma frequency. Furthermore, as the quiver velocity of the electrons in the high electric field of the laser beam becomes relativistic, various effects are observed which can be attributed to the variation of electron mass with laser intensity     

Modeling single-frequency laser-plasma acceleration usingparticle-in-cell simulations: the physics of beam breakup

We investigate electron acceleration from space-charge waves driven by single-frequency lasers using a fully explicit particle-in-cell (PIC) model. The two dimensional (2-D) simulations model ~100 fs pulses at densities near n=4×10¹⁹ cm^-3 for 1-μm lasers. The pulses are found to break up due to a combination of longitudinal and transverse bunching of the laser intensity via Raman forward scattering type instabilities. The ponderomotive force of these intensity modulations generates large amplitude plasma waves. Large numbers of self-trapped electrons and multiple Raman forward scattering satellites are observed. The relevance of these simulations to experiments is discussed     

Raman spectroscopy of magnetoplasma excitations in a system of two-dimensional electrons in inclined and parallel magnetic fields

The dispersion of magnetoplasma excitations of two-dimensional electrons in oblique and parallel magnetic fields is investigated by the method of Raman scattering of light. The inclination of the field is used to distinguish the signals due to volume hot luminescence from the signals due to Raman scattering by two-dimensional electrons. The dependence of the magnetoplasmon energy on the inclination angle of the field is measured for different momentum transfers. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 12, 974–978 (25 June 1996)     

Runaway-Ströme hoher Intensität in einer toroidalen Entladung

Intensive currents of runaway electrons with energies of 50 keV or more have been observed at high pressures in a plasma betatron in addition to betatron accelerated electrons at lower pressures. The measurements agree with the assumption that these electrons are accelerated in the external field while they are guided by the self magnetic field of the plasma current. Macroscopic instabilities and plasma waves can be excluded as accelerating mechanisms. The strong dependence of the runaway flux upon the gas pressure and the electric field can be explained by collisions between electrons and the other plasma particles. Furthermore the influence of the external magnetic field on the movement of the plasma current to the torus wall was investigated. A maximum circulating runaway current of more than 2000 A (Xenon) appeared when the plasma current was kept approximately in balance by the external magnetic field.     

低杂波电流驱动中的雪崩逃逸增强及鱼骨不稳定性

等离子体中存在的一定数量的高能逃逸电子（E≥1MeV)通过大角度库仑散射从等离子体中碰撞出二次电子，二次电子被低杂波有效地加速成为逃逸电子，这些逃逸电子又被正反馈回等离子体，形成雪崩现象。在此过程中，一部分获得较大横向动量的二次电子或由低杂波驱动的高能电子可能被香蕉轨道捕获，这些被捕获在磁岛中的电子与某种模式的磁场扰动共振时，就出现鱼骨不稳定现象。     

超短超强激光与稀薄等离子体相互作用的数值研究

用一维粒子模拟方法（Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ－ｉｎ－Ｃｅｌｌ）数值研究了超短超强激光（Ｉλ＾２〉１０＾１８Ｗ．μｍ＾２／ｃｍ＾２）与稀薄等离子体的相互作用过程，结果表明，超短超强激光与稀薄等相互作用后，在等离子体中激发起尾波和拉曼（Ｒａｍａｎ）波，它们的波长和频率的值与解析解符合得很好；同时在尾波的作用下，等离子体的部分电子被加速的很高的速度，甚至接近光速。     

Raman scattering of x-rays in crystals

The quantum theory for Raman scattering of x-rays by K electrons in crystals is given. The electrons ejected into the conduction band are described by plane waves. The expression obtained for the differential cross section has a Compton-like angular dependence in contrast to the results of Japanese physicists who used the dipole approximation in their work.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, No. 9, pp. 26–28, September, 1971.     

Interaction of excess electrons with water molecules at the early stage of laser-induced plasma generation in water

Forward and backward stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of OH stretching vibrations are measured when an intense 40 ps pulsed beam is focused into water. Characteristic features related to the interaction of OH groups with excess electrons generated by the strong laser irradiation are observed. The SRS spectra are indicative of the important role which excess electrons play in transient enhancement of the SRS at the initial stage of laser-induced plasma generation in water. The hydration structures around the excess electrons in water are also discussed.     

啁啾激光脉冲受激拉曼散射理论和粒子模拟

从入射光波、散射光波和等离子体波的三波耦合方程出发,推导小带宽频率啁啾对拉曼散射的影响.得到频率啁啾对拉曼背向散射有抑制作用,且背向散射不依赖于啁啾符号;正(负)啁啾对拉曼前向散射有微弱的增强(减弱)的作用.最后采用1D3V粒子模拟程序观测了不同啁啾参数下的受激拉曼散射现象,得到与理论分析一致的结果.     

三角激光脉冲尾波加速粒子模拟

电子俘获是激光尾波场加速电子的主要机理，增大电子的初速度可以使更多的电子被尾波场俘获.提出三角脉冲激发尾波加速电子的方案，三角脉冲平缓上升沿激发受激Raman散射，用以初步加速电子，三角脉冲陡峭下降沿激发尾波场，将更多的电子加速到接近光速.2D3V粒子模拟结果证实了这一点.同时表明：脉冲长度为几个等离子体波长的超强激光在稀薄等离子体中传播时，还激发侧向Raman散射.在侧向受激Raman散射中，静电波增长最快的波矢模式为k_p=(2ω_p/ω₀ 关键词： 有质动力 电子俘获 前向受激Raman散射 侧向受激Raman散射     

Electron acceleration and the propagation of ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses in plasmas

Reported are interactions of high-intensity laser pulses ( lambda = 810 nm and I相似文献   

Magnetoplasma excitations and the effect of electron and hole velocity renormalization in free-hanging graphene studied by Raman scattering

The properties of plasma and magnetoplasma excitations in free-hanging graphene have been studied for the first time by Raman scattering. In addition to single-particle excitations associated with transitions between empty Landau levels of electrons and holes, collective plasma and magnetoplasma excitations in the system of electrons (and holes) of various densities have been discovered for the first time. Hybridization of plasma and cyclotron modes corresponding to the Kohn law has been shown to occur in the limit of high filling factors, which allows measuring directly the plasma and cyclotron energies. The dependence of the electron and hole velocities on their density has been investigated via the magnetic-field dependence of the cyclotron energy in free-hanging graphene. The effect of strong renormalization of the electron and hole dispersion relations seen as an increase in the velocity (by 40–50%) with a decrease in the charge-carrier density to 10¹¹ cm^–2 has been discovered. The charge-carrier density dependences of the widths of magnetoplasma resonances in free-hanging graphene and graphene lying on a silicon dioxide surface have been measured and shown to be at least 3.5 and 14.8 meV, respectively.     

多光子非线性Compton散射对等离子体中电子运动的影响

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型,研究了多光子非线性Compton散射对激光等离子体中电子运动的影响,提出了将入射激光和Compton散射光形成的耦合光、耦合光与等离子体产生的自生磁场形成的混合场作为加速电子的新机制,对电子动量和能量方程进行了修正和数值模拟。结果表明,当混合场的电场振幅与磁场振幅相等时,回旋共振电子在与混合场作用时间内能被加速到很高的能量;电子加速能量随耦合光幅值的增大而增大,随电子耦合初始角度的增大而周期变小,随电子横向耦合归一化初始速度的增大,开始时较快增加,之后缓慢增加,最后趋于稳定。     

Light scattering spectra of guided wave polaritons in thin crystals: Experiment

Guided wave polaritons (GWP) of thin crystals have been studied by near- forward Raman scattering experiments on GaP crystals of ≈ 5–35 μm thickness. The dispersion of these modes agrees well with theoretical predictions, but their Raman scattering intensities cannot be described completely by bulk Raman tensors. We discuss the temperature dependence of the observed frequencies of the modes.     

0．53μm激光与等离子体相互作用实验研究

利用神光－Ⅰ激光装置的南路光束经ＫＤＰ晶体倍频后的０．５３μｍ激光与金盘靶相互作用，重点研究了吸收、Ｘ光转换、ＳＲＳ、超热电子和离子发射行为。结果表明，采用短波长激光，吸收和Ｘ－光转换率明显提高。