Detecting the Change of Hawking Temperature with Geometric Phase

We show the possibility to detect Hawking radiation by geometric phase with Dirac particles. If the initial state of the particle is near the ground state, the geometric phase experiences a sudden change with respect to Hawking temperature, which could be employed to detect Hawking radiation. The physical mechanism behind our idea is the population redistribution on the excited state of the particle induced by the event horizon.     

Hawking Radiation from Horizons of Reissner-Nordström de Sitter Black Hole with a Global Monopole via Anomalies

Hawking radiation from cosmological horizon and event horizon of the Reissner-Nordström de Sitter black hole with a global monopole is studied via a new method that was propounded by Robinson and Wilzek and elaborated by Banerjee and Kulkarni. The results show that the gauge current and energy-momentum tensor fluxes, which required keeping gauge covariance and general coordinate invariance at the quantum level in the effective field theory, are exactly equivalent to those of Hawking radiation from the event horizon and the cosmological horizon, respectively.     

Hawking Radiation from the Higher-Dimensional Schwarzschild de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter Black Holes via Covariant Anomaly

Very recently, a conceptually clean and economical anomaly cancellation method, based on the initial work of Robinson and Wilczek, on Hawking radiation was proposed. On the basis of this formalism, we investigate Hawking radiation from the higher dimensional Schwarzschild de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter black holes. To describe the observable physics in de Sitter space, we construct the effective field theory between the event horizon and cosmological horizon. Our result shows that when the underlying diffeomorphism symmetries are saved at the quantum level, Hawking radiation, from not only the event horizon but also the cosmological horizon in the higher dimensional space time, can be determined by the covariant compensating fluxes of energy momentum tensor. Meanwhile, we also discuss the exact radiation spectrum by incorporating the self-gravitational interaction and back reaction of the outgoing modes.     

Hawking Radiation of Black Hole in Einstein-Proca Theory

The Hawking radiation of black hole in Einstein-Proca theory is discussed in this paper. The Einstein-Proca black hole is more general than Reissner-Nordström black hole, because Proca field is massive vector field. We calculate several quantum perturbations in this spacetime, and obtain the Hawking radiation at the horizon in Einstein-Proca theory.     

Hawking radiation of Kerr–Newman–de Sitter black hole

We extend the classical Damour–Ruffini method and discuss Hawking radiation in Kerr–Newman–de Sitter (KNdS) black hole. Under the condition that the total energy, angular momentum and charge of spacetime are conserved, taking the reaction of the radiation of the particle to the spacetime and the relation between the black hole event horizon and the cosmological horizon into consideration, we derive the black hole radiation spectrum. The radiation spectrum is no longer a pure thermal one. It is related to the change of the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy corresponding the black hole event horizon and the cosmological horizon. It is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.     

Anomalies and Hawking Radiation of NUT-Kerr-Newman de Sitter Black Hole

Hawking radiation of NUT-Kerr-Newman de Sitter black hole is studied via anomalous point of view in this paper. The results show that the charged current and energy-momentum tensor fluxes, to restore gauge invariance and general coordinate covariance at the quantum level in the effective field theory, are exactly equal to those of Hawking radiation from the event horizon (EH) and the cosmological horizon (CH) of NUT-Kerr-Newman de Sitter black hole, respectively.     

Covariant anomalies and Hawking radiation from Kaluza–Klein AdS black holes

In this paper, Hawking radiation is studied from four-dimensional (4D) Kaluza–Klein (KK) AdS black holes via the method of anomaly cancellation. The KK-AdS black hole considered is a non-extremal charged rotating solution in the theory of 4D gauged supergravity. Its Hawking fluxes of electric charge, angular momentum and energy momentum tensor are derived here. Our results support the common view that Hawking radiation is the quantum effect arising at the event horizon.     

Quantum anomaly at horizon and Hawking radiation from higher dimensional Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter black hole

Based on the anomaly cancellation method, initiated by Robinson and Wilczek, we investigate Hawking radiation from the event horizon and cosmological horizon of the higher dimensional Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter black hole via covariant gauge and gravitational anomalies. Unlike in black hole space-time, to describe the observable physics, the effective field theory here is constructed between the event horizon and cosmological horizon. Our result shows that to restore the underlying gauge covariance and diffeomorphism covariance at the quantum level, the covariant compensating fluxes of gauge and energy–momentum tensor, which are shown to equal to those of Hawking radiation, should be radiated from the event horizon and absorbed from the cosmological horizon, respectively.     

General Tortoise Coordinate Transformation in a Dynamical Kerr-Newman Black Hole

Under the extended dynamical tortoise coordinate transformation, Damour-Ruffini method has been applied to calculate the charged particles’ Hawking radiation from the apparent horizon of a dynamical Kerr-Newman black hole. It is shown that Hawking radiation is still purely thermal black body spectrum. Moreover, the temperature of Hawking radiation is corresponding to the apparent horizon surface gravity and the first law of thermodynamics can also be constructed successfully on the apparent horizon in the dynamical Kerr-Newman black hole.     

Schwarzschild-de Sitter黑洞的Hawking辐射

利用延拓Damour-Ruffini方法,研究Schwarzschild-de Sitter黑洞的Hawking辐射.在保持时空中总能量守恒的条件下,考虑辐射粒子对时空的反作用和黑洞事件视界与宇宙视界的相互关联后,得到黑洞辐射谱.此辐射不再是严格的纯热谱,与黑洞事件视界和宇宙视界对应Bekenstein-Hawking熵变有关,发现其结果仍然符合幺正性原理. 关键词： Damour-Ruffini方法 Hawking辐射 能量守恒     

Quantum black hole and Hawking radiation in a microscope of thermodynamical approach

We establish the state in which Hawking radiation is stopped by a quantum Schwarzschild black hole in the framework of quasi-classical thermal quantization for particles behind the horizon. The mechanism of absorption and radiation by the black hole is presented.     

Origin of Hawking radiation: firewall or atmosphere?

The Unruh vacuum not admitting any outgoing flux at the horizon implies that the origin of the outgoing Hawking radiation is the atmosphere of a near-horizon quantum region without resort to the firewall; however, the existence of the firewall of superplanckian excitations at the horizon can be supported by the infinite Tolman temperature at the horizon. In an exactly soluble model, we explicitly show that the firewall necessarily emerges out of the Unruh vacuum so that the Tolman temperature in the Unruh vacuum is divergent in essence due to the infinitely blueshifted negative ingoing flux crossing the horizon rather than the outgoing flux. We also show that the outgoing Hawking radiation in the Unruh vacuum indeed originates from the atmosphere, not just at the horizon, which is of no relevance to the infinite blueshift. Consequently, the firewall from the infinite Tolman temperature and the Hawking radiation from the atmosphere turn out to be compatible, once we waive the claim that the Hawking radiation in the Unruh vacuum originates from the infinitely blueshifted outgoing excitations at the horizon.     

Quantum Anomaly and Hawking Radiation of Charged and Magnetized Reissner-Nordström de Sitter Black Hole

The recent work of Robinson and Wilczek that Hawking radiation can be determined by the compensating fluxes is extended to the charged and magnetized Reissner-Nordström de Sitter black hole. We reconstruct the electromagnetic field tensor and the Lagrangian of the field corresponding to the source with electric and magnetic charges to redefine an equivalent charge and gauge potential. We construct the effect field theory between the event horizon and cosmological horizon to respectively determine the compensating fluxes from them, which are shown to exactly equal to those of Hawking radiation, by the covariant anomaly cancellation conditions.     

Fermions tunneling from apparent horizon of FRW universe

In the paper [R.-G. Cai, L.-M. Cao, Y.-P. Hu, arXiv: 0809.1554], the scalar particles' Hawking radiation from the apparent horizon of Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe was investigated by using the tunneling formalism. They obtained the Hawking temperature associated with the apparent horizon, which was extensively applied in investigating the relationship between the first law of thermodynamics and Friedmann equations. In this Letter, we calculate fermions' Hawking radiation from the apparent horizon of FRW universe via tunneling formalism. Applying WKB approximation to the general covariant Dirac equation in FRW spacetime background, the radiation spectrum and Hawking temperature of apparent horizon are correctly recovered, which supports the arguments presented in the paper [R.-G. Cai, L.-M. Cao, Y.-P. Hu, arXiv: 0809.1554].     

Hawking radiation from Kerr--Newman de Sitter black hole via anomalies

In this paper, Hawking radiation from the Kerr Newman de Sitter black hole is studied via gauge anomaly and gravitational anomaly. The obtained results of Hawking radiation from the event horizon and the cosmological horizon accord with those by other methods.     

Conformally rescaled spacetimes and Hawking radiation

We study various derivations of Hawking radiation in conformally rescaled metrics. We focus on two important properties, the location of the horizon under a conformal transformation and its associated temperature. We find that the production of Hawking radiation cannot be associated in all cases to a trapping horizon because its location is not invariant under a conformal transformation. We also find evidence that the temperature of the Hawking radiation should transform simply under a conformal transformation, being invariant for asymptotic observers in the limit that the conformal transformation factor is unity at their location.     

辐射在黑洞视界附近的性质与热力学第二定律

考虑把一个装满某种内能为E,熵为S的物质的盒子缓慢地向黑洞降落,Bekenstein认为热力学第二定律成立的必要条件为S/E≤2πR(R为盒子的有效半径),而Unruh和Wald认为Hawking辐射的存在保证了广义热力学第二定律的成立,无需条件S/E≤2πR。我们指出:Hawking辐射和S/E≤2πR都无法保证热力学第二定律的成立。我们根据充分的理由提出:引力场会影响物质的态方程。当盒子中装的为辐射时,我们得出了辐射在视界附近时的态方程,它和平直时空的辐射的态方程很不一样。只要将方程中的某个参量加上适当的限制,即可保证热力学第二定律的成立。 关键词：     

Hawking Radiation of Charged Particles via Tunneling from Arbitrarily Dimensional Reissner-Nordström Black Holes

Parikh-Wilzcek’s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as semi-classical tunneling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner- Nordström black hole, indicates that self-gravitation gives a correction to the Hawking precisely thermal spectrum and the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein- Hawking, but satisfies the underlying unitary theory. In this paper, we extend the model to study the Hawking radiation of charged particles via tunneling from arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordström black holes, and obtain the same result as Parikh-Wilzcek’s. Meanwhile, in this framework, we point out that the first law of the black hole thermodynamics is reliable and the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process.     

Hawking radiation of a Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter black hole

Generalizing the method proposed by Damour–Ruffini, we discuss Hawking radiation of a Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter (RNdS) black hole. Under the condition that total energy and charge are conserved, taking the reaction of the radiation of particles to the spacetime into consideration and considering the interrelation between the event horizon and cosmological horizon, we investigate radiation spectrum of RNdS spacetime by a new Tortoise coordinate transformation. This radiation spectrum is no longer a purely thermal spectrum. It is related to the changes in the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy corresponding the event horizon and cosmological horizon. The result satisfies the unitary principle.     

Quantum Thermal Effect of Dirac Particles in a Nonuniformly Rectilinearly Accelerating Black Hole with Electric Charge, Magnetic Charge, and Cosmological Constant

The Hawking radiation of Dirac particles in an arbitrarily rectilinearly accelerating Kinnersley black hole with electromagnetic charge and cosmological constant is investigated by using the generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon depend on the time and the polar angle. The Hawking thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles is also derived.