宽带运动介质反向散射声信号的谱矩估计

本文假设宽带运动介质反向散射信号和噪声是彩色高斯信号,在大样本的假设下,用协方差法求得了信号谱矩一阶矩和二阶矩的均值和方差,推广了文献^[8]的工作。发射信号是伪随机编码信号,它由两个相同的子序列组成,为了简化问题,又设信号和噪声的带宽和中心频率相同,得到了易用的公式。公式表明,一阶谱矩估计的均值是无偏估计,估计的方差与子序列间的相关系数ρ,信噪比S/N和ΔfTL有关,其中Δf、T和L分别对应子序列中码元的带宽、长度和总个数。分析了约3000组窄带信号的海上实验数据,给出了ρ的变化范围。这些工作对研制宽带多普勒流速剖面仪(BBADCP)是很有用的。     

Patch nearfield acoustic holography in a moving medium

To realize the accurate reconstruction of sound field in a moving medium under the condition of limited holographic aperture, a patch nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) in a moving medium is proposed. The proposed method not only reduces the influence caused by the limited aperture effects through sound field extrapolation, but also perfectly suits for sound field reconstruction in a moving medium by improving the shape of the modified Tikhonov regularization filter and the noise estimation method in accordance with flow effects. In the method, two cases that the flow direction is parallel to and perpendicular to the hologram surface are considered. Especially in the perpendicular case, the expression of the wavenumber component in the z direction is improved to make the proposed method suitable for the moving medium at a high Mach number. Simulations are investigated to examine the performance of the proposed method and show its advantages by comparing with NAH in a moving medium and the conventional patch NAH. It is found that, the proposed method is effective and robust at different flow velocities of the medium and different frequencies of the sound source.     

运动介质的电偶极矩与磁矩

在推导出介质的极化强度与磁化强度的坐标变换公式的基础上,分析导出了运动介质的电偶极矩与磁矩.     

Propagation of acoustic wave in viscoelastic medium permeated with air bubbles

Based on the modification of the radial pulsation equation of an individual bubble, an effective medium method (EMM) is presented for studying propagation of linear and nonlinear longitudinal acoustic waves in viscoelastic medium permeated with air bubbles. A classical theory developed previously by Gaunaurd (Gaunaurd GC and \"{U}berall H, {\em J. Acoust. Soc. Am}., 1978; 63: 1699--1711) is employed to verify the EMM under linear approximation by comparing the dynamic (i.e. frequency-dependent) effective parameters, and an excellent agreement is obtained. The propagation of longitudinal waves is hereby studied in detail. The results illustrate that the nonlinear pulsation of bubbles serves as the source of second harmonic wave and the sound energy has the tendency to be transferred to second harmonic wave. Therefore the sound attenuation and acoustic nonlinearity of the viscoelastic matrix are remarkably enhanced due to the system's resonance induced by the existence of bubbles.     

Intensity fluctuations in a moving random medium

We consider the intensity fluctuations arising when a point source of radiation moves in a randomly inhomogeneous scattering medium. The medium itself can also move with a velocity whose component normal to the direction of propagation can have an arbitrary distribution. We derive an expression for the space-time autocorrelation function of the intensity fluctuations transverse to the direction of propagation. The result is analysed for some particular cases and it is shown how the resulting information can be useful in examining the behaviour of random media in situations of practical interest.     

Intensity fluctuations in a moving random medium

We consider the intensity fluctuations arising when a point source of radiation moves in a randomly inhomogeneous scattering medium. The medium itself can also move with a velocity whose component normal to the direction of propagation can have an arbitrary distribution. We derive an expression for the space–time autocorrelation function of the intensity fluctuations transverse to the direction of propagation. The result is analysed for some particular cases and it is shown how the resulting information can be useful in examining the behaviour of random media in situations of practical interest.     

Design of broadband and broad angular Cr/C multilayer reflector for “near water window” region

Traditional periodic multilayer reflector working in the soft X-ray region should be placed at the designed incidence angle and wavelength, which is extremely difficult and complicate in practice especially for “near water window region” (4.43-6.50 nm). In this region, Ni-like-Ta laser working at the wavelength 4.48 nm provides a possible source which has caught a lot attention. In this paper, to overcome the shortcoming of the periodic structure, top-flat broad band (normal incidence) and broad angular (around quasi-Brewster angle) Cr/C non-periodic multilayer reflector have been designed for the 4.48 nm soft X-ray optical system. In the wavelength region 4.473-4.488 nm, 4.455-4.496 nm and 4.435-4.529 nm, mean theoretical normal-incidence reflectivity can get 35.0%, 24.2% and 12.6%, respectively, by the top-flat broad band reflectors. In the grazing incidence angle region 44.85-45.16°, 44.54-45.46° and 44.02-45.98°, mean s-component theoretical reflectivity at 4.48 nm can get 39.7%, 23.1% and 13.0%, respectively, by the top-flat broad angular reflectors.     

电磁波在运动介质中及表面处的传播特性

论述了运动介质对电磁波频率、速度和传播方向的影响及在运动介质表面的反射定律和折射定律。     

Nearfield acoustic holography in a moving medium based on particle velocity input using nonsingular propagator

Nearfield acoustic holography in a moving medium is a technique which is typically suitable for sound sources identification in a flow.In the process of sound field reconstruction,sound pressure is usually used as the input,but it may contain considerable background noise due to the interactions between microphones and flow moving at a high velocity.To avoid this problem,particle velocity is an alternative input,which can be obtained by using laser Doppler velocimetry in a non-intrusive way.However,there is a singular problem in the conventional propagator relating the particle velocity to the pressure,and it could lead to significant errors or even false results.In view of this,in this paper,nonsingular propagators are deduced to realize accurate reconstruction in both cases that the hologram is parallel to and perpendicular to the flow direction.The advantages of the proposed method are analyzed,and simulations are conducted to verify the validation.The results show that the method can overcome the singular problem effectively,and the reconstruction errors are at a low level for different flow velocities,frequencies,and signal-to-noise ratios.     

运动介质中电磁波的能流密度

利用电磁场变换,讨论了运动介质中一列平面单色电磁波的能流密度给出超光速情形下电磁波及介质的性质。结果表明,随着介质运动速度的增加,电磁波能流密度方向可发生突变。     

Anisotropy in high-frequency broadband acoustic backscattering in the presence of turbulent microstructure and zooplankton

High-frequency broadband (120-600 kHz) acoustic backscattering measurements have been made in the vicinity of energetic internal waves. The transducers on the backscattering system could be adjusted so as to insonify the water-column either vertically or horizontally. The broadband capabilities of the system allowed spectral classification of the backscattering. The distribution of spectral shapes is significantly different for scattering measurements made with the transducers oriented horizontally versus vertically, indicating that scattering anisotropy is present. However, the scattering anisotropy could not be unequivocally explained by either turbulent microstructure or zooplankton, the two primary sources of scattering expected in internal waves. Daytime net samples indicate a predominance of short-aspect-ratio zooplankton. Using zooplankton acoustic scattering models, a preferential orientation of the observed zooplankton cannot explain the measured anisotropy. Yet model predictions of scattering from anisotropic turbulent microstructure, with inputs from coincident microstructure measurements, were not consistent with the observations. Possible explanations include bandwidth limitations that result in many spectra that cannot be unambiguously attributed to turbulence or zooplankton based on spectral shape. Extending the acoustic bandwidth to cover the range from 50?kHz to 2?MHz could help improve identification of the dominant sources of backscattering anisotropy.     

Spectral anomalies of diffracted pulsed Bessel beams in dispersive media

Starting from the Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral, the analytical expression for the power spectrum of diffracted pulsed Bessel beams in a dispersive media is derived and used to study the spectral anomalies of pulsed Bessel beams in the far field. Numerical results are given to illustrate the dependence of the anomalous spectral behavior on the pulse parameters, aperture parameter and dispersive properties of the medium. It is shown that, near phase singularities, anomalous spectral behavior may take place. The potential applications of spectral anomalies of ultrashort pulsed beams in information encoding and information transmission are considered.     

光谱仪谱线和谱带弯曲现象的精确表述方式

在矢量衍射理论基础上给出了任意倾斜入射下的光栅方程一般形式以及衍射极角和衍射方位角的完整解析表达式,由此首次导出了平面光栅光谱仪谱线和谱带弯曲量的精确计算公式和对应于衍射极角和衍射方位角的两类角色散公式,比较了谱线弯曲精确公式和近似公式的计算结果,进而指出和弥补了近似公式的不足,并数值考察了入射狭缝高度对光谱仪色散能力的影响程度。由于在以上各式的推导过程中未作任何近似,且涉及到了导致谱线和谱带弯曲的所有可能因素,因而它要比以往所用近似公式更为全面和可靠,可作为实际光谱仪器设计、测试、装调和使用的理论依据。     

Relaxation dynamics of a broadband nanosecond acoustic pulse in a bubbly medium

The first experimental observation of the propagation dynamics of a short broadband acoustic pulse in a resonance medium with gas bubbles is carried out. The probing pulse is generated using the optoacoustic effect. It is shown that the theory of short pulse propagation in media with generalized resonance relaxation adequately and accurately describes the dynamics of short pulse dispersion. A possibility to determine the relaxation and resonance parameters of media by the pulsed testing technique is demonstrated.     

非均匀可激介质中的螺旋波

以Barkley模型为对象,研究了可激介质的非均匀性对螺旋波斑图形成的影响.该模型中各参数与可激介质的属性密切相关,通过参数涨落的正态分布来刻画非均匀性,数值研究了单参数以及多参数涨落的正态分布情形下螺旋波斑图的形成.研究表明,可激介质的非均匀性对于螺旋波波纹的粗细及疏密程度有较大影响.参数涨落分布的方差越大,形成的螺旋波波纹越粗糙.对于两参数均匀分布的极端情形,当参数分布大于某一范围,无法形成螺旋波.这些都与螺旋波旋转的角频率密切相关.螺旋波旋转的角频率越大,螺旋波波纹越粗,同时波纹越密集;反之,螺旋波 关键词： 螺旋波 非均匀介质 Barkley模型     

Full investigation of the backscattering in resonator fiber optic gyro

Resonator Fiber optic gyro (RFOG) is a high accuracy inertial rotation sensor based on the Sagnac effect. The optical fiber ring resonator (OFRR) is the key rotation sensing element. The backscattering characteristics of the OFRR are fully investigated. The Rayleigh backscattering dominates the backscattering spectrum with the input power below the threshold. High carrier suppression is crucial to reduce this Rayleigh backscattering error. Being different from the intrinsic Rayleigh scattering of the fiber, the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in the OFRR should be avoided. This is because the finesse and the resonance notch depth of the OFRR decrease for the pump depletion through the SBS process. The shot noise limited sensitivity (SLS) of the RFOG is improved by increasing the input power. Through analysis, it is found that the threshold input power is improved after phase modulation. The SLS of the RFOG is analyzed at different modulation parameters and its relevant SBS threshold. Accordingly, the optimized modulation frequency and the corresponding maximum input power are all obtained. A simple method of testing the frequency shift in the SBS is also proposed. In this method, the central frequency of the laser source is locked to the resonance frequency of the OFRR in one direction. A steady SBS light is observed and its frequency shift is measured together.     

声波在一维易膨胀介质中传播的计算机模拟

建立了一种新的介质模型，其弹性模量在声波处于压缩状态时较大，而在膨胀状态时较小. 在这种介质中，纯的压缩或膨胀波的传播特性与一般弹性介质类似，只是它们分别以压缩声 速或膨胀声速传播.但当它们在某一区域中同时存在时，它们之间会相互耦合，产生非常强 的非线性效应.对这两种波在对行和追赶两种情况的耦合特性作了详细地模拟计算.结果显示 在两种情况下，压缩波和膨胀波的耦合均会造成体系的膨胀.体系的膨胀与压缩弹性模量和 膨胀弹性模量的相对差有关.此外，还对弹性模量随声波压力连续变化的体系进行了模拟计 算.结果证实由非连续变化的弹性模量所得的结论可由连续变化的弹性模量的极限情况得到. 关键词： 颗粒物质 声波 弹性介质     

Feedback control of wave segments in an excitable medium

Depending on the excitability of the medium, a propagating wave segment will either contract or expand to fill the medium with spiral waves. This paper aims to introduce a simple mechanism of feedback control to stabilize such an expansion or contraction. To do this, we lay out a feedback control system in a block diagram and reduce it into a bare, universal formula. Analytical and experimental findings are compared through a series of numerical simulations of the Barkley model.     

The simulation of acoustic radiation from a moving line source with variable speed

The purpose of this work is to simulate and investigate the sound field generated by a moving line source with finite length and variable speed. Expect for the variation of the acoustic pressure at the specific field point, the distribution of the surface pressure along the surface of the line source was also considered. For achieving this purpose, a numerical method which combines the Time Domain Boundary Element Method (TDBEM) and moving sound source theory was developed in the present work. After comparing the results with the constant and the variable speed case, it showed that the effect of the variable speed not only influenced the variation rate of the frequency modulation, i.e., Doppler effect, but also the time about the maximum acoustic pressure being observed. In addition, the simulation results also presented that the difference as to the amplitude variation of the acoustic pressure still existed between the moving case and the stationary case even if the length of the line source is very long.     

An inverse algorithm for reconstructing the acoustic parameters of layered medium

I.IntroductionThcinvcrsescattcringprob1cmisbasicinarcassuchasradar,sonar,geophysica1explora-honandnondestructivctesting.Whenthescatteringobjectisaconstitutiveparametersvaryinacontinuousmannerandtheinvcrseproblcmistodctcrmineoneormoreoftheseparametcrsfromtheobserveddata.Muchofthcpreviousworkonthisproblcmforthecaseofp1anewaveatnormalincidencchasconsistcdofderivingaSchr6dingerequationfromthebasicacousticandstrcss-straincquations,andthenreconstruchngthepotentialappearinginthisequationbyusingtheGe…