LiFePO4/C composites from carbothermal reduction method

Using the cheap raw materials lithium carbonate, iron phosphate, and carbon, LiFePO₄/C composite can be obtained from the carbothermal reduction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observations were used to investigate the structure and morphology of LiFePO₄/C. The LiFePO₄ particles were coated by smaller carbon particles. LiFePO₄/C obtained at 750 °C presents good electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of 133 mAh/g, capacity retention of 128 mAh/g after 20 cycles, and a diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the LiFePO₄/C of 8.80?×?10^?13 cm²/s, which is just a little lower than that of LiFePO₄/C obtained from the solid-state reaction (9.20?×?10^?13 cm²/s) by using FeC₂O₄ as a precursor.     

Preparation of LiFePO<Subscript>4</Subscript>/graphene composites by microwave-assisted solvothermal method

Well-crystallized and nano-sized LiFePO₄/graphene composite have been successfully synthesized by in-situ disperse graphene oxide (GO) in precursor via a rapid microwave-solvothermal process at 200°C within 10 min. In spite of the low synthesis temperature, the structural and morphological properties of as-prepared composites present high specific capacity, an excellent high rate capability, and stable cycling performance.The short reaction times of just 10 min show the basis for an efficient and time-saving synthesis of LiFePO₄ρaphene composite.     

新型碳热还原法制备复合正极材料LiFePO4/C

以FePO4为前驱体,采用碳热还原法合成了复合正极材料LiFePO4/C。考察了煅烧温度、煅烧时间,碳含量等因素对LiFePO4组成和电化学的影响,结果表明,600℃煅烧24 h,碳含量为10%时,LiFePO4具有最佳的电化学性能,其首次放电容量为146 mAh.g-1,循环15次后容量还维持在141 mAh.g-1。     

Effects of heteroatoms on doped LiFePO4/C composites

A series of supervalent cation doped Li_1–x M_0.01Fe_0.99PO₄/C composites (M?=?Ti, Zr, V, Nb, and W) were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The effects of the heteroatoms were studied by X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance measurement. After doping, the lattice structure of LiFePO₄ is not destroyed and the reversibility of lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation is improved. The diffusion coefficient of lithium ions depends on the radius of the heteroatoms. As the radius of the heteroatom is larger, the diffusion coefficient increases.     

Preparation and electrochemical analysis of graphene/polyaniline composites prepared by aniline polymerization

Polyaniline (PANI)/graphene nanosheet (GNS) composites were prepared by a chemical oxidation polymerization. The morphology, structure, and crystallinity of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry in 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte. GNS are considered as supporting materials which can provide a large number of active sites. The PANI nanofibers with diameter of 50 nm were homogeneously coated on the surface of GNS. The PANI/GNS composites exhibited a better electrochemical performance than the pure individual components. The PANI/GNS composites showed the highest specific capacitance 923 Fg^?1 at 10 mVs^?1 compared to 465 Fg^?1 for pure PANI and 99 Fg^?1 for GNS.     

Enhancing electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 by in situ reducing flexible graphene

Well-dispersed graphene materials reduced by Ac under hydrothermal condition were used as conductive additives to improve intrisic disadvantage of promising LiFePO₄ battery materials, which was synthesized at surface of graphene sheets. The as-prepared LiFePO₄/graphene composites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests. The results show that, compared with conventional LiFePO₄ platelets, the composite deliver excellent electrochemical performances, due to flexible graphene-based porous conducting network. We believe that such a facile process will provide a new pathway for further enhancing its energy storage efficiency.     

石墨烯/锌铁氧体复合物的制备及抗菌性能

用氧化还原法和化学共沉淀法分别制备了石墨烯(GE)和石墨烯/锌铁氧体(GE/ZnFe2O4)复合物,通过现代测试技术表征了样品的物相结构、组成和微观形貌.以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌为测试菌种,分别对样品的抗菌性能进行了研究.结果表明,样品的抗菌活性受GE/ZnFe2O4复合物中GE和ZnFe2O4质量比(mG/Z)以及菌种的影响,其中mG/Z=0.4的复合物对三种菌均有较好的抗菌效果,其最小抑菌浓度分别为25、25和12.5μg/mL;复合物对白色念珠菌的抗菌效果最好,这与菌种的结构有关.此外,对样品的抗菌机理进行了详细研究.     

球磨法原位合成LiFePO_4/CNTs复合材料及电化学性能

采用简单、有效和可规模化的球磨工艺,原位合成了碳纳米管(CNTs)均匀分布且连接磷酸铁锂(Li FePO4)颗粒的Li Fe PO4/CNTs复合材料。该复合材料颗粒均匀,分散性好,粒径大约在200 nm~1μm之间,其分散和连接状态可由碳纳米管和粘结剂调控。当CNTs含量为4 wt%、PVDF含量为5 wt%时复合材料显示出最好的电化学性能。0.25C条件下首次放电容量达137 m Ah·g-1,50次循环后,容量仍保持在95%以上,,显示出良好的循环稳定性和可逆性。与没有添加CNTs的样品相比,CNTs网络结构极大地提高了活性物质的电导率,从而明显改善电化学性能。     

Synthesis of graphene-supported LiFePO4/C materials via solid-state method using LiFePO4(OH) as precursors

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The solid-state method is a mainly adopted large-scale preparation of LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries but suffers from a challenge of...     

微波法制备LiFePO_4及其电化学性能的研究

采用微波法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)和恒电流充放电实验,研究了在一定微波功率下合成出的材料的性能。结果表明,当含碳量在5%时,采用0.1C进行充放电,材料比容量可达126mAh/g,循环50次后,比容量仅下降10%,循环稳定性好。     

Rapid synthesis of LiFePO4 nanoparticles by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) nanoparticles have been successfully prepared via microwave-assisted hydrothermal route within ultrashort synthesis-time condition. Electrochemical data reveal that the as-synthesized LiFePO₄ after a post-synthesis heat treatment in an inert atmosphere have excellent rate capability and cycling stability. Ultrashort synthesis-time and higher yield show a possibility of scaling up for industrial production.     

Preparation and properties of graphene oxide nanosheets/cyanate ester resin composites

Graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs)/cyanate ester (CE) resin composites were prepared via a solution intercalation method. The structures of the GONSs and the composites were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were investigated. In addition, the thermal behavior of the composites was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results show that the GONSs/CE resin composites were successfully prepared. The addition of GONSs is beneficial to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. Moreover, the composites exhibit better thermal stability in comparison with the CE resin matrix.     

高比能LiFePO4的制备及性能研究

应用液相沉淀法-固相烧结法制备高密度的LiFePO4/C及纯相LiFePO4.X射线衍射、扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪、电化学性能测试表明:该样品具有单一的橄榄石结构和3.4 V左右的放电平台,掺碳的LiFe-PO4具有更优良的性能,粒度较小粒径分布均匀,振实密度达1.46 g/cm3,0.1C首次放电比容量为144.6mAh/g,循环20次后容量保持率为93.2%,1C倍率首次放电比容量为133.5 mAh/g,循环20次后容量下降8.76%.     

Enhanced high rate and low temperature electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C composites by doping samarium ion

The olivine-type samarium-doped LiFe_{1 ? x} Sm _x PO₄/C (x?=?0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) composites were synthesized via liquid-phase precipitation reaction combined with the high-temperature solid-state method. The structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge–discharge, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the small amount of Sm³⁺ ion-doped can keep the olivine microstructure of LiFePO₄, modify the particle morphology, decrease polarization overpotential and charge transfer resistance, and enhance exchange current density, thus improve the electrochemical performance of the LiFePO₄/C. However, the large doped content of Sm³⁺ ion can form more SmPO₄, which can weaken the electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄/C. Among all the doped samples, LiFe_0.99Sm_0.01PO₄/C showed the best rate capacity, cycling stability, and low temperature performance. The LiFe_0.99Sm_0.01PO₄/C sample exhibited the initial discharge capacity of 148.1, 133.4, 117.5, and 106.6 mAh g^?1 at 1C, 2C, 5C, and 10C, respectively. In addition, the discharge capacity of the material was 94.8 mAh g^?1 after 800 cycles at 10C. Moreover, the initial discharge capacity of 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, and 1C were 104.4, 96.2, 53.9, and 50.8 mAh g^?1 at ?20 °C.     

磁性纳米Fe3O4的氧化共沉淀法制备及催化性能

以单一 Fe²⁺作为铁源,0.4% 的 H₂O₂为氧化剂,NaOH 为沉淀剂,采用氧化共沉淀法制备了尺寸为 7 nm的 Fe₃O₄颗粒。为进一步体外模拟肿瘤饥饿治疗,设计了一个包含5 mL(10 μg·mL^-1)的葡萄糖氧化酶和15 mL(5 mg·mL^-1)葡萄糖溶液的体系,以探究纳米 Fe₃O₄的类过氧化氢酶(CAT)与类过氧化物酶(POD)催化性能的最适条件。结果表明：在 1 mg·mL^-1 pH=5.0 时,纳米Fe₃O₄的类CAT活性能推动葡萄糖氧化反应的反应速度增加、限度增大;pH=5.0时,纳米Fe₃O₄的类POD活性更好,能高效率催化H₂O₂产生活性氧。     

磁性纳米Fe3O4的氧化共沉淀法制备及催化性能

以单一 Fe²⁺作为铁源,0.4% 的 H₂O₂为氧化剂,NaOH 为沉淀剂,采用氧化共沉淀法制备了尺寸为 7 nm的 Fe₃O₄颗粒。为进一步体外模拟肿瘤饥饿治疗,设计了一个包含5 mL(10 μg·mL^-1)的葡萄糖氧化酶和15 mL(5 mg·mL^-1)葡萄糖溶液的体系,以探究纳米 Fe₃O₄的类过氧化氢酶(CAT)与类过氧化物酶(POD)催化性能的最适条件。结果表明：在 1 mg·mL^-1 pH=5.0 时,纳米Fe₃O₄的类CAT活性能推动葡萄糖氧化反应的反应速度增加、限度增大;pH=5.0时,纳米Fe₃O₄的类POD活性更好,能高效率催化H₂O₂产生活性氧。     

Preparation of graphene/zeolite composites and the adsorption of pollutants in water

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Based on the advantages of graphene and zeolite, respectively, the graphene/zeolite composites with core-shell structure were synthesized. The features of the...     

Electrochemical performance of Yb-doped LiFePO4/C composites as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

LiFePO₄/C and LiYb_0.02Fe_0.98PO₄/C composite cathode materials were synthesized by simple solution technique. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis. Their electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, four-point probe conductivity measurements, and galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. The carbon-coated and Yb³⁺-doped LiFePO4 sample exhibited an enhanced electronic conductivity of 1.9 × 10^?3 Scm^?1, and a specific discharge capacity of 146 mAhg^?1 at 0.1 C. The results suggest that the improvement of the electrochemical performance can be attributed to the ytterbium doping, which facilitates the phase transformation between triphylite and heterosite during cycling, and the conductivity improvement by carbon coating.     

Li-ion batteries from LiFePO4 cathode and anatase/graphene composite anode for stationary energy storage

Li-ion batteries made from LiFePO₄ cathode and anatase TiO₂/graphene composite anode were investigated for potential application in stationary energy storage. Fine-structured LiFePO₄ was synthesized by a novel molten surfactant approach whereas anatase TiO₂/graphene nanocomposite was prepared via self-assembly method. The full cell that operated at 1.6 V demonstrated negligible fade even after more than 700 cycles at measured 1 C rate. While with relative lower energy density than traditional Li-ion chemistries interested for vehicle applications, the Li-ion batteries based on LiFePO₄/TiO₂ combination potentially offers long life and low cost, along with safety, all which are critical to the stationary applications.     

Impact of carbon structure and morphology on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C composites

The electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄/C composites in lithium cells is closely correlated to pressed pellet conductivities measured by AC impedance methods. These composite conductivities are a strong function not only of the amount of carbon but of its structure and distribution. Ideally, the amount of carbon in composites should be minimal (less than about 2 wt%) so as not to decrease the energy density unduly. This is particularly important for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle applications (PHEVs) where both high power and moderate energy density are required. Optimization of the carbon structure, particularly the sp²/sp³ and disordered/graphene (D/G) ratios, improves the electronic conductivity while minimizing the carbon amount. Manipulation of the carbon structure can be achieved via the use of synthetic additives including iron-containing graphitization catalysts. Additionally, combustion synthesis techniques allow co-synthesis of LiFePO₄ and carbon fibers or nanotubes, which can act as “nanowires” for the conduction of current during cell operation.