铜催化羧酸与芳氨基甲酰氯的脱羧交叉偶联（英文）

报道了在不加碱的条件下,无配体铜盐能有效催化羧酸和氨基甲酰氯脱羧交叉偶联反应,以CuCl_2为催化剂、苯为溶剂,于120℃条件下反应48h即可实现脱羧交叉偶联过程.在此标准条件下,该催化体系对官能团普适性较好,以较高收率获得了各种酰胺,产物经~1H NMR、~(13)CNMR和HRMS表征     

铜催化C-N交叉偶联反应的研究进展

对铜催化的C-N交叉偶联反应的最新研究进展作了综述.按照反应中含氮化合物种类的不同将亲核试剂分为氨基酸、胺、酰胺、含氮芳香杂环化合物、其它含氮化合物五类,对各类亲核试剂参与反应的体系(包括亲电试剂、催化剂前驱体、配体、溶剂、温度、碱、反应时间)做了全面归纳,在此基础上以配体为主线对各类亲核试剂涉及的反应进一步做了详细介绍.另外,对这一反应的机理研究也做了综述.     

铜催化α,β-不饱和羧酸与ICH2 CF3的脱羧偶联反应

铜催化下,以CH₃CN和HOAc为混合溶剂,α,β-不饱和羧酸与1,1,1-三氟-2-碘乙烷（ICH₂CF₃）发生脱羧偶联反应合成了一系列三氟乙基取代烯烃,其结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和HR-MS确证。¹⁹F NMR分析显示该反应具有优良的立体选择性（E/Z最高为99/1）,分离收率最高达82%。     

铜催化芳硼酸与亚磷酸酯在空气下的有氧碳-磷氧化偶联反应

在Cu(OAc)2/TMEDA体系催化下,芳硼酸与亚磷酸二乙酯可在室温下以空气为直接氧化剂通过氧化偶联反应生成芳基膦酸酯化合物.该反应使用较为廉价低毒的铜盐为催化剂,不怕水、不怕氧,底物适用范围较广,目标产物选择性高、收率良好.因此,与已知金属催化卤代芳烃的碳-磷偶联反应相比是一种相对温和高效的合成芳基膦酸酯的方法.     

亚铜催化的碳杂偶联反应机理

近年来,亚铜催化的碳杂偶联反应以其高效、低成本和易制备等优点被广泛研究并应用于工业生产,有机合成及生物活性分子的制备中。目前对于这些碳杂偶联反应机理的探究仍然处于探索性阶段。本文主要评述了近年来亚铜催化的碳杂偶联反应机理的研究进展。重点综述近年来研究相对较多,对机理认识较为完善的碳-氮偶联(特别是酰胺类化合物的芳基化过程),碳氧偶联以及碳硼偶联(不饱和有机化合物的硼化、二硼化反应)机理等方面的进展。最后,基于目前这些机理研究工作的现状,展望了未来机理探究的主要方向。     

脂肪族羧酸脱羧偶联反应研究进展

脱羧偶联反应是构建碳-碳键、碳-杂键以及活化碳-氢键的有效方法。该反应类型使用羧酸或羧酸盐作为底物,在催化剂的作用下可脱去二氧化碳并与其它化合物进行偶联反应。与传统的偶联反应相比,脱羧偶联反应具有对环境污染小、底物来源广等优点,因此该类型反应引起了研究者们的广泛关注。以芳香族羧酸进行的脱羧偶联反应已被报道,本文综述了近十年来各类催化体系下脂肪族羧酸进行脱羧偶联反应的研究进展。     

应用腙作为配体的铜催化二芳醚合成反应

一种简单易得的腙,2-吡啶醛 1-苯基腙 （1）,能够作为有效配体,极大地促进碘化铜催化的芳基溴与酚的C–O偶联反应。该偶联反应条件温和（二氧六环为溶剂、磷酸钾为碱、90–100 0C 的反应温度）,适用于各种芳基溴（电中性、贫电子和富电子）和酚（电中性和富电子）的底物,能够相容一些碱敏感官能团如酯基、醛基和羰基等。     

铁催化芳基格氏试剂的联芳交叉偶联的反应机理

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了[Fe(MgBr)₂]催化的邻氯苯乙稀与溴代苯基镁反应生成联芳化合物的交叉偶联反应的机理. 研究了两个机理. 机理A包括三个基本步骤: (I) 氧化[Fe(MgBr)₂]生成[Ar-Fe(MgBr)],(II) 加成产生[Ar-(phenyl)-Fe(MgBr)₂], (III) 还原消除回到[Fe(MgBr)₂]. 机理B不形成[Ar-Fe(MgBr)]. 在第一步,溴代苯基镁在[Cl-Mg-Br]离解形成[Ar-Fe(MgBr)]之前直接进攻氧化加成后的中间体. 考虑溶剂效应后, 机理B优于机理A. 无论机理A还是机理B, 整个催化循环过程的决速步骤都是[Ar-(phenyl)-Fe(MgBr)₂]的还原消除再生催化剂[Fe(MgBr)₂]的步骤, 使用导体极化连续模型(CPCM)方法计算其在四氢呋喃溶剂中的吉布斯自由能(ΔG_sol)是82.98 kJ·mol^-1.     

一种氨基甲酰氯的选择性酰化法

采用3-(1-甲胺基乙基)苯酚为原料,在同一分子中有氨基(胺)和羟基同时存在下,通过改变碱的强弱,用氨基甲酰氯可选择性地进行羟基或氨基上酰化反应,一步获得相应的酯或酰胺,所合成化合物用1H NMR,13C NMR,ESI MS和HRMS进行了结构确证,并对其反应机理进行了推测.该反应步骤简单,收率高,是一种高效实用的选择性酰化方法.     

铜催化的α-氨基丙二腈的脱氰氧代反应：一种合成叔酰胺的新方法

新反应、新试剂的发展是有机合成化学的重要研究内容,基于前期在α-氨基丙二腈合成方法学方面的工作基础,我们发展了一例铜催化的α-氨基丙二腈的脱氰氧代反应.通过将甲酰胺转化为α-氨基丙二腈后,借助其亲核属性来合成α-氨基丙二腈底物,而后将底物重新转化为酰胺,从而实现形式上的氨基甲酰负离子的亲核加成(取代)反应.该工作首次完成了形式上的甲酰胺碳原子的极性反转,实现了将α-氨基丙二腈作为氨基甲酰负离子替代物的反应新模式,为叔酰胺化合物的合成提供了新的思路和方法,且具有反应条件简单,底物适用性广及适合克级规模制备等特点.     

可见光诱导烷基羧酸及其衍生物的脱羧偶联反应研究进展

烷基羧酸广泛存在于自然界之中,科研工作者一直致力于开发以来源丰富的烷基羧酸及其衍生物作为起始原料的反应.烷基羧酸及其衍生物在可见光氧化还原作用下可以高效地生成烷基自由基,从而在温和条件下用于构筑各类化学键.以可见光催化烷基羧酸及其衍生物的脱羧自由基反应类型为线索,系统地综述了近年来在可见光条件下烷基羧酸及其衍生物的脱羧官能团化反应研究进展.     

Electrophotochemical Metal-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

An electrophotochemical dual metal-catalyzed protocol for decarboxylative arylation of simple aliphatic carboxylic acids with aryl halides is reported. The relative stabilities of catalytically active metal complexes simultaneously generated at anode and cathode are the key design elements for the success of this convergent paired electrolysis. This new electrophotocatalytic method is mild, robust, and most importantly, capable of accommodating simple primary aliphatic acids including acetic acid – ubiquitous and variegated structural motifs yet remain oddly challenging substrates – directly as native functional groups for decarboxylative C(sp²)−C(sp³) bond formation.     

氯化钯催化的交叉偶联反应

钯催化的交叉偶联反应已经成为有机合成化学中构建C-C键最重要的方法之一.其中,氯化钯及其配合物所组成的催化体系具有高效、高选择性、稳定以及价廉等优点,因而在交叉偶联反应中得到较为广泛的应用.综述了氯化钯及其配合物催化的交叉偶联反应,其中包括Suzuki反应、Stille反应、Hiyama反应和Kumada反应等.     

Free Carboxylic Acids: The Trend of Radical Decarboxylative Functionalization

The exceptional versatility of carboxylic acids has been extensively exploited in organic synthesis across several decades. There has been a recent upsurge of radical decarboxylative transformations. The process can be initiated under mild conditions, and the resultant radicals have orthogonal reactivities to closed-shell species, thus providing immense opportunities for streamlining novel reactions. The use of free carboxylic acids is the most desirable owing to its high atom and step economy. Aiming to demonstrate the attractiveness of the strategy and to inspire chemists to tackle existing challenges, this review outlines the recent advances on radical decarboxylative functionalization of free carboxylic acids.     

Synthesis of Biaryls via Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Substituted Benzoic Acids with Phenylboronic Acids

A Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of substituted benzoic acids with phenylboronic acid has been developed. Under the optimized conditions, a variety of substituted benzoic acids were found to undergo decarboxylative coupling with various phenylboronic acids to give the desired unsymmetrical biaryls in good yields.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]     

Formation of C(sp3)–C(sp3) Bonds through Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Olefin Hydroalkylation Reactions

Olefins and carboxylic acids are among the most important feedstock compounds. They are commonly found in natural products and drug molecules. We report a new reaction of nickel‐catalyzed decarboxylative olefin hydroalkylation, which provides a novel practical strategy for the construction of C(sp³)?C(sp³) bonds. This reaction can tolerate a variety of synthetically relevant functional groups and shows good chemo‐ and regioselectivity. It enables cross‐coupling of complex organic molecules containing olefin groups and carboxylic acid groups in a convergent fashion.     

Photoredox/Cobalt Dual-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Elimination of Carboxylic Acids: Development and Mechanistic Insight

Recently, dual-catalytic strategies towards the decarboxylative elimination of carboxylic acids have gained attention. Our lab previously reported a photoredox/cobaloxime dual catalytic method that allows the synthesis of enamides and enecarbamates directly from N-acyl amino acids and avoids the use of any stoichiometric reagents. Further development, detailed herein, has improved upon this transformation's utility and further experimentation has provided new insights into the reaction mechanism. These new developments and insights are anticipated to aid in the expansion of photoredox/cobalt dual-catalytic systems.     

Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Iodides and Amines

A general copper-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling between amines and alkyl iodides is reported. Using a simple combination of catalytic amounts of copper(I) chloride and N,N,N’,N”,N”-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine in the presence of sodium hydroxide under carbon monoxide pressure, a broad range of alkyl iodides and amines can be efficiently coupled to the corresponding amides that are obtained in good to excellent yields. Notable features of this process – the first one relying on a base metal catalyst – include the availability and low cost of the catalytic system, its successful use with primary, secondary, tertiary alkyl iodides and all classes of amines – with no or limited competing nucleophilic substitution without CO incorporation – as well as its efficiency with complex alkyl iodides and amines. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that a radical pathway is operative and the key role of CO.     

Decarboxylative Conjunctive Cross‐coupling of Vinyl Boronic Esters using Metallaphotoredox Catalysis

The synthesis of complex alkyl boronic esters through conjunctive cross‐coupling of vinyl boronic esters with carboxylic acids and aryl iodides is described. The reaction proceeds under mild metallaphotoredox conditions and involves an unprecedented decarboxylative radical addition/cross‐coupling cascade of vinyl boronic esters. Excellent functional‐group tolerance is displayed, and application of a range of carboxylic acids, including secondary α‐amino acids, and aryl iodides provides efficient access to highly functionalized alkyl boronic esters. The decarboxylative conjunctive cross‐coupling was also applied to the synthesis of sedum alkaloids.