Graphene aerogel supported Pt-Ni alloy as efficient electrocatalysts for alcohol fuel oxidation

Alcohol fuels oxidation plays a significant role in carbon sustainable cycling and high-performance catalyst with a strong anti-poisoning effect is desired. Herein, Pt-Ni alloy supported on the N-doped graphene aerogel synthesized by simple freeze-drying and annealing was demonstrated to have such catalytic ability for alcohol fuel oxidation. Pt-Ni alloy particles were found uniformly dispersed over the surface of 3D N-doped graphene aerogel. High anti-poisoning ability for CO-like intermediates...     

Synthesis of Pt and Pt-Fe nanoparticles supported on MWCNTs used as electrocatalysts in the methanol oxidation reaction

This work reports a feasible synthesis of highly-dispersed Pt and Pt-Fe nanoparticles supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) without Fe and multiwall carbon nanotubes with iron (MWCNTs-Fe) which applied as electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation. A Pt coordination complex salt was synthesized in an aqueous solution and it was used as precursor to prepare Pt/MWCNTs, Pt/MWCNTs-Fe, and Pt-Fe/MWCNTs using FeCl₂·4NH₂O as iron source which were named S1, S2 and S3, respectively. The coordination complex of platinum (TOA)₂PtCl₆ was obtained by the chemical reaction between (NH₄)₂PtCl₆ with tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) and it was characterized by FT-IR and TGA. The materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDS, XRD, TEM and TGA. The electrocatalytic activity of Pt-based supported on MWCNTs in the methanol oxidation was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). Pt-Fe/MWCNTs electrocatalysts showed the highest electrocatalytic activity and stability among the tested electrocatalysts due to that the addition of ”Fe” promotes the OH species adsorption on the electrocatalyst surface at low potentials, thus, enhancing the activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR).     

Synthesis of Pt and Pt-Fe nanoparticles supported on MWCNTs used as electrocatalysts in the methanol oxidation reaction

This work reports a feasible synthesis of highly-dispersed Pt and Pt-Fe nanoparticles supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） without Fe and multiwall carbon nanotubes with iron （MWCNTs-Fe） which applied as electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation. A Pt coordination complex salt was synthesized in an aqueous solution and it was used as precursor to prepare Pt/MWCNTs, Pt/MWCNTs-Fe, and Pt-Fe/MWCNTs using FeC12.4H20 as iron source which were named S 1, S2 and S3, respectively. The coordination complex of platinum （TOA）2PtC16 was obtained by the chemical reaction between （NH4）2PtC16 with tetraoctylammonium bromide （TOAB） and it was characterized by FT-IR and TGA. The materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDS, XRD, TEM and TGA. The electrocatalytic activity of Pt-based supported on MWCNTs in the methanol oxidation was investigated by cyclic voltammetry （CV） and chronoamperometry （CA）. Pt-Fe/MWCNTs electrocatalysts showed the highest electrocatalytic activity and stability among the tested electrocatalysts due to that the addition of ＂Fe＂ promotes the OH species adsorption on the electrocatalyst surface at low potentials, thus, enhancing the activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction （MOR）.     

Multiply twinned Pt-Pd nanoicosahedrons as highly active electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation

Bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoicosahedrons (NIs) with multiple {111} twins were obtained through a facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis in a high shape selectivity of 82%. The {111}-enclosed NIs exhibited superior electrocatalytic activities to {111}-enclosed Pt-Pd nanotetrahedrons as well as commercial Pt catalysts (Pt black and Pt/C) for methanol oxidation.     

Rational design ternary platinum based electrocatalysts for effective methanol oxidation reaction

Exploring effective, durable, and affordable electrocatalysts of methanol oxidation reaction(MOR) is of vital significance for the industrial application of direct methanol fuel cells. Herein, an efficient, general,and expandable method is developed to synthesis two-dimensional(2D) ternary Pt Bi M nanoplates(NPLs), in which various M(Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn) is severed as the third component to the binary Pt Bi system. The MOR performance of Pt Bi M NPLs is entirely investigated, demonstrating that b...     

Pt decorating PdCu/C as highly effective electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation

In this study, a low-cost and high performance catalyst Pt decorating PdCu/C (Pt–PdCu/C) for methanol oxidation is prepared by a new two-stage route. TEM and XRD examinations show that the composite catalyst particles distribution is quite homogeneous and has a high surface areas. Catalytic activity and stability for the oxidation of methanol are studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. High electrocatalytic activities and good stabilities could be attributed to the synergistic effect between Pt and PdCu.     

Graphene nanoplatelets supported metal nanoparticles for electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine

Graphene nanoplatelets have been applied as the support to electrodeposit monometallic Au and Pd nanoparticles as well as bimetallic Au–Pd nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have been characterized with scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques. They are further utilized as the catalysts for electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine. The oxidation peak potential is − 0.35 and 0.53 V (vs. SCE) when monometallic Pd and Au nanoparticle are used as the catalysts. When bimetallic nanoparticles are applied as the catalyst, their composition affects the peak potential and peak current for the oxidation of hydrazine. Higher oxidation current is achieved when bimetallic Au–Pd nanoparticles with an atomic ratio of 3:1 are deposited on graphene nanoplatelets. Metal nanoparticle-loaded graphene nanoplatelets are thus novel platforms for electrocatalytic, electroanalytical, environmental, and related applications.     

高活性甲醇氧化电催化剂Pt-Pd纳米合金的组分可控合成

Pt纳米粒子由于其本身独特的物理、化学性质以及能够同时促进氧化和还原反应,在工业生产和商业设备中(尤其在直接甲醇燃料电池中)广泛用作重要的电催化剂.然而,Pt作为贵金属在自然界中的含量极其稀少,价格昂贵;另外,甲醇氧化反应中产生的中间产物CO很容易市Pt纳米粒子中毒而失活.因此,迫切需要一种Pt用量少,催化性能高的材料.一制备高活性比表面积的Pt纳米颗粒,可以有效提高Pt利用率.另外,调控纳米粒子使其裸露特定的晶面、边、角以及缺陷也能有效提升催化性能.还可以采用Pt纳米粒子结合其它金属元素形成双金属合金,如,Pt-M (M = Pd,Au,Ag,Ru,Fe,Co,Ni,等)催化剂,可以在减少Pt元素用量的同时有效提升催化活性.在众多可供选择的元素中,Pd相对于Pt价格低廉,但两者具有相近的物理、化学性质以及较高的电催化性能,使Pt-Pd纳米合金呈现十分优异的电催化性能.研究表明,Pt-Pd纳米合金在酸性和CO环境中能有效催化有机小分子电氧化过程.另外,在酸性环境中,用Pd替代Cu,Ag,Co或Ni,可以有效减少催化剂的腐蚀.本文在乙二醇溶液中同时还原K2PtCl4和Na2PdCl4,在110 ℃C反应5 h制备出超细的Pt-Pd纳米合金.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及能谱仪(EDS)对合金进行表征,从而确定产物为尺寸4 nm左右的Pt-Pd纳米合金,且通过改变金属前驱体的投料比可以有效调控Pt-Pd合金组分(按元素比例分别表示为Pt1Pd3,Pt1Pd1,Pt3Pd1).采用循环伏安法、线性扫描伏安法以及计时安培法等多种手段测试样品在0.5 mol/L H2SO4和0.5 mol/L CH3OH的酸性环境中(50 mV/s)电化学性能,并与商业Pt/C进行比较.结果表明,合金的催化性能和组分密切相关,当Pt元素的含量为75%左右时,Pt-Pd纳米合金表现出最佳的催化活性和稳定性,其中Pt3Pd1的电催化质量活性可达商业Pt/C的7倍之多.我们把Pt-Pd纳米合金的催化性能对其组分的依赖性归结为甲醇氧化反应中的双官能团机制,反应中,Pt可有效催化甲醇脱氢产生Pt-CO,Pd则催化水脱氢形成Pd-OH.当Pd含量减少时,Pt表面的水脱氢反应只有在高电位才能发生,从而降低催化效率;而Pd含量过多,则会抑制Pt催化甲醇的脱氢反应,使催化效率大大降低.因此,只有适宜Pt/Pd比例,才能有效提升催化效率.     

Dispersed platinum supported by hydrogen molybdenum bronze-modified carbon as electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation

A new electrocatalyst, Pt/H_xMoO₃-C, for methanol oxidation, was prepared by dispersing platinum nano-particles on Vulcan XC-72 modified by hydrogen molybdenum bronze (H_xMoO₃, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2). The modification of Vulcan XC-72 with H_xMoO₃ on was accomplished by reducing the adsorbed molybdic acid and the platinum nano-particles were dispersed on the modified carbon by reducing chloroplatinic acid, with formaldehyde as the reductant. The prepared Pt/H_xMoO₃-C was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersion spectrometer, cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and single-cell test, with a comparison of the electrocatalyst, carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) prepared under the same condition but without the modification. The results obtained from XRD and SEM showed that the modification of Vulcan XC-72 with H_xMoO₃ reduced the platinum particle size and improved distribution uniformity of platinum on carbon. The results, obtained from CV, CA, and the single-cell test, showed that Pt/H_xMoO₃-C exhibited better electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation than Pt/C.     

Titanium vanadium nitride supported Pt nanoparticles as high-performance catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - In the present study, Pt nanoparticles (20 wt%) were successfully anchored on vanadium (V)-doped titanium nitride hybrid support, which...     

石墨烯纳米片担载Pt-Pd双金属纳米球作为甲醇氧化的电催化剂(英文)

利用简便的无表面活性剂的方法合成了石墨烯担载的Pt-Pd双金属纳米球.首先由Na2PdCl4与氧化石墨烯发生氧化还原反应生成Pd晶种,然后诱导Pt纳米粒子的生长,得到Pt-Pd双金属纳米球.采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线粉末衍射仪表征了合成的Pt-Pd/GR催化剂的结构,并测定了其作为甲醇氧化电催化剂的性能.结果表明,Pt-Pd/GR催化剂对甲醇氧化反应表现出高催化活性和稳定性,甲醇氧化电流密度为51.8mA·cm-2.     

A new supported catalyst for methanol oxidation prepared by a reverse micelles method

Carbon supported platinum–ruthenium alloy catalyst prepared by reverse micelles method for was proposed. The particle size and morphology of catalyst were determined by XRD and TEM and found to be homogeneously dispersed on carbon support with narrow particle size distribution. The performance of the Pt–Ru/C catalyst was tested by cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatic polarization experiments in 1 M sulfuric acid with 2 M methanol solution at room temperature and showed a higher catalytic activity when compared with the standard Pt–Ru/C (E-TEK) catalyst.     

壳聚糖修饰炭黑负载Pt-Au催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能

以炭黑及自制的壳聚糖-炭黑(CHI-C)复合材料为载体,采用溶胶负载法制备了Pt_m＾Au/C及Pt_m＾Au/CHI-C催化剂(＾ 代表Au、Pt为分步负载,m代表Pt/Au原子比),通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜及X射线光电子能谱对催化剂进行了表征。利用循环伏安法和计时电流法分别测定了Pt-Au催化剂对甲醇电催化氧化反应的活性和稳定性,考查了Pt/Au原子比及CHI改性对电催化活性和稳定性的影响。结果表明,Pt_1.0＾Au/C具有最高的催化活性,炭黑中加入少量CHI能提高Pt_1.0＾Au/C催化剂的稳定性。     

Nanostructured Pt supported on cocoon-derived carbon as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation

Development of suitable supports has been proven as an important preparation process for high active catalysts of fuel cell. In this work, a carbon material was prepared by pyrolyzing cocoons with ferric chloride as activator, and then Pt nanoparticles (ca. 50 wt.%) were deposited on its surface. The characteristics of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that the face-centered cubic structured Pt nanoparticles with nano-sized crystals interconnected each other via grain boundaries were formed on the surface of pyrolyzed cocoons. Afterwards, electrochemical results demonstrate that the nanostructured Pt supported on this support exhibits higher catalytic activity and CO tolerance than Pt nanoparticles supported on Vulcan carbon for methanol oxidation reaction.     

Using DFT in search for support effects during methanol oxidation on supported molybdenum oxides

The oxidation of methanol on supported molybdenum oxides was studied using DFT. Starting from a cluster model for a mono-oxo and di-oxo molybdenum oxide on a SiO(2) support, the reaction energies and rates for the oxidation of methanol were computed and interpreted with chemical reaction indices. This pointed out that the apparent barrier was significantly lower on the mono-oxide model, favoring it over the di-oxo species. Accordingly, we assumed similar behavior on Al(2)O(3), TiO(2) and ZrO(2) supports, so that we could compare characteristics over different supports. The obtained reaction energies and rates followed the experimental turn-over frequency (TOF) sequence.     

High performance PtRuIr catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes for the anodic oxidation of methanol

We report the formation of a new PtRuIr catalyst using an organic colloid synthesis method, involving acetone as the solvent, ethylene glycol as the reducing agent, citrate as a complexing agent and stabilizer, and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT, diameter 8-10 nm) as the support. This catalyst has a very high real surface area and is highly active toward the oxidation of methanol, relevant to fuel cell applications. The Ir component appears to act as a promoter, and the splitting of the Pt(111) XRD feature into four peaks and the shift to larger d spacing reflect the high dispersion of the metallic components.     

Nanoparticle size effects on methanol electrochemical oxidation on carbon supported platinum catalysts

The particle size effect observed on the performance of Pt/C electrocatalysts toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) has been investigated with differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). The investigation has been conducted under both potentiodynamic and potentiostatic conditions as research on methanol electrochemical oxidation is closely related to interest in direct methanol fuel cells. The particle size effect observed on the MOR is commonly regarded as a reflection of different Pt-CO and Pt-OH bond strengths for different particle sizes. This work focuses mainly on the mechanism of methanol dehydrogenation on platinum which is central to the problem of the optimization of the efficiency of methanol electro-oxidation by favoring the CO(2) formation pathway. It was found that the partitioning of the methanol precursor among the end products on supported platinum nanoparticles is strongly dependent on particle size distribution. Also, it is postulated that the coupling among particles of different sizes via soluble products must be considered in order to understand the particle size effects on the observed trends of product formation. An optimum particle size range for efficiently electro-oxidizing methanol to CO(2) was found between 3 and 10 nm, and loss in efficiency is mostly related to the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde on either too small or too large particles. The possible reasons for these observations are also discussed.     

Active component of supported vanadium catalysts in the selective oxidation of methanol

The structure of catalysts based on vanadium oxide supported on different oxides (SiO₂, γ-Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, and TiO₂) was investigated. Their catalytic properties in the selective oxidation of methanol in a temperature range of 100–250°C were studied. It was shown that the nature of the support determines the structure of the oxide forms of vanadium. The supporting of vanadium on SiO₂ and γ-Al₂O₃ leads to the preferred formation of crystalline V₂O₅; the surface monomeric and polymeric forms of VO_x are additionally formed on ZrO₂ and TiO₂. It was established that the crystalline V₂O₅ oxide is least active in the selective oxidation of methanol; the polymeric forms are more active than monomeric ones. The mechanism of the selective oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane and methyl formate on the vanadium oxide catalysts is considered.