激光预处理中缺陷上的激光能量覆盖

分析了不同预处理方式下缺陷上的激光能量的覆盖特点。理论分析表明,相同预处理效率下,单步预处理缺陷上激光能量覆盖率优于多步预处理。实验研究了电子束蒸发制备的HfO2/SiO2多层高反膜的激光预处理,结果发现单步预处理后薄膜的单脉冲激光损伤阈值比相同效率的4步预处理后薄膜的单脉冲激光损伤阈值要好。采用最高能量密度为112%激光损伤阈值的5步预处理后,光学薄膜的激光损伤阈值提高了83.5%。     

532nm HfO_2/SiO_2高反膜的激光预处理效应

采用单台阶能量光栅扫描以及R-on-1测试两种不同预处理方式研究了激光预处理技术对532nm HfO2/SiO2高反膜的阈值提升效果。用Nd:YAG二倍频激光对电子束蒸发制备的532nm HfO2/SiO2高反膜进行1-on-1损伤阈值测试,然后分别进行单台阶能量光栅扫描以及R-on-1测试。通过对损伤概率以及损伤形貌的分析,发现激光预处理能够去除薄膜内低阈值缺陷,达到提高损伤阈值的目的,损伤阈值分别提高38%和30%。     

HfO2/SiO2薄膜的激光预处理作用研究

对电子束蒸发方式镀制的HfO2/SiO2反射膜采用大口径激光进行辐照,采用激光量热计测量了激光辐射前后的弱吸收值。实验发现HfO2/SiO2反射膜在分别采用1 064 nm和532 nm的激光辐照前后薄膜吸收分别从5.4%和1.7%降低到1.4和1.2%。采用聚焦离子束技术分析了激光辐照后薄膜的损伤形态并探究了损伤原因,发现：薄膜在激光辐照下存在节瘤的地方容易出现薄膜损伤,具体表现为熔融、部分喷发、完全脱落3种形态,节瘤缺陷种子来源的差异是导致其损伤机理也存在着巨大差异的主要原因。同时这些节瘤缺陷种子来源也影响着激光预处理作用效果,激光预处理技术对于祛除位于基底上种子形成的节瘤是有效的,原因是激光辐射过后该节瘤进行了预喷发而不会对后续激光产生影响;而激光预处理技术对位于膜层中间的可能是镀膜过程中材料飞溅引起的缺陷是无效的,需要通过飞秒激光手段对该类节瘤进行祛除。     

SiO2/HfO2高反射膜的研制

主要讨论了电子束蒸发SiO2/HfO2薄膜的面形控制和损伤性能。研究了电子束蒸发工艺参数对薄膜应力以及面形的影响;分析了制备工艺对薄膜吸收、节瘤缺陷密度的影响,测量了制备薄膜的损伤阈值。研究结果表明:调整SiO2蒸发时的氧分压可以有效地将薄膜的应力控制在-250~-50 MPa。同时采用金属Hf蒸发可以显著地将节瘤缺陷密度从12.6 mm-2降低至2.7 mm-2,同时将损伤阈值从30 J/cm2提高至55 J/cm2。     

HfO_2/SiO_2薄膜的激光预处理作用研究北大核心CSCD

激光预处理是提高激光薄膜抗激光损伤阈值的重要手段。对电子束蒸发方式镀制的HfO2/SiO2反射膜采用大口径激光进行了辐照,并采用激光量热计测量了激光辐射前后的弱吸收值。采用聚焦离子束(FIB)技术分析了激光辐照后薄膜的损伤形态并探究了损伤原因,首次采用扫描电镜拍摄到了节瘤部分喷发时的形貌图,并对其进行了FIB分析,为进一步了解节瘤的损伤过程提供了依据。实验发现,激光辐照过后的激光薄膜弱吸收明显降低,激光预处理有效减少了引起薄膜吸收的缺陷,存在明显的清洗效应;在本实验采用的HfO2/SiO2反射膜中,激光预处理技术对于祛除位于基底上种子形成的节瘤是有效的,原因是激光辐射过后该节瘤进行了预喷发并不会对后续激光产生影响;而激光预处理技术对位于膜层中间的可能是镀膜过程中材料飞溅引起的缺陷是无效的,需要通过其他手段对该类节瘤进行祛除。     

HfO2/SiO2高反射膜的缺陷及其激光损伤

用原子力、Normaski和扫描电子显微镜等分析仪器,对高损伤阈值薄膜常采用的HfO2光损伤所形成的孔洞,与镀制过程中形成的孔洞形貌相似,激光再损伤能力也相似。低能量密度的激光把节瘤缺陷变为孔洞缺陷是激光预处理提高薄膜损伤阈值的原因之一。     

基频HfO2/SiO2高反射薄膜激光损伤生长特性

以1064 nm波长作用下的HfO2/SiO2高反射薄膜为研究对象,研究了高反射薄膜在损伤生长过程中分层剥落初始损伤结构的变化规律、损伤形貌特征和损伤生长阈值等特性。实验结果表明:分层剥落初始损伤结构的横向尺寸随激光能量密度的增加呈分段线性增长,破斑沿纵向拓展的损伤生长阈值是沿横向拓展的损伤生长阈值的2倍以上,初始损伤结构横向尺寸的生长率与能量密度呈指数关系,且生长阈值随着辐照次数的增加显著降低。     

多重分形谱研究溶胶-凝胶SiO2疏水减反膜的激光预处理作用

采用溶胶-凝胶提拉技术制备了SiO₂疏水减反膜.使用Nd：YAG激光（波长为1064nm,脉宽为7.5ns）采用“R on 1”方式对所得膜层进行了激光预处理.在预处理前后采用“1 on 1”方式考察了薄膜的激光损伤阈值的变化,使用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了薄膜的表面形貌的变化,并使用多重分形谱（MFS）方法分析了薄膜分形结构的变化.结果表明经过激光预处理后薄膜的抗激光损伤阈值有了明显提高,均方根表面粗糙度（R_q）稍有减小,膜面变平整,多重分形谱宽度收缩,分形区间的分布均匀性改善.这说明经过激光预处理后薄膜表面微结构趋向规整,使之能够承受更强的激光的辐照.同时也说明借助多重分形谱可以获得更多薄膜表面结构变化的信息,多重分形谱是探索强激光对光学薄膜辐照作用机理的一个十分有用的方法. 关键词： 2疏水减反膜')" href="#">SiO₂疏水减反膜 激光预处理 多重分形谱 激光损伤阈值     

溶胶-凝胶ZrO_2/SiO_2薄膜的激光损伤研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺分别制备了SiO2和ZrO2单层薄膜、ZrO2/SiO2双层膜以及ZrO2/SiO2多层高反膜。用输出波长为1064nm、脉宽为6.3ns的YAG激光器对薄膜进行了激光损伤实验。观察了薄膜经强激光辐照后的损伤情况,讨论了薄膜的激光损伤行为,并从理论上分析了产生这些损伤的原因,为进一步镀制高质量的ZrO2/SiO2多层高反膜提供了依据。     

化学法制备的HfO2薄膜的激光损伤阈值研究

 采用化学法制备了HfO₂介质膜，研究了热处理、紫外辐照以及Al₂O₃复合对HfO₂介质膜激光损伤阈值的影响。采用红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线衍射仪对薄膜进行了表征，并用输出波长为1.064 μm、脉宽为10 ns的电光调Q激光系统测试薄膜的激光损伤阈值。实验结果表明：采用150 ℃左右的温度对薄膜进行热处理可以提高薄膜的激光损伤阈值，所获得的薄膜的激光损伤阈值高达42.32 J/cm²，比热处理前的激光损伤阈值提高了82%；无机材料Al₂O₃的适量添加能够提高薄膜的激光损伤阈值，其中HfO₂与Al₂O₃的最佳质量配比约为95∶5；另外，对薄膜进行适当的紫外辐照也可改善HfO₂ 薄膜以及HfO₂-Al₂O₃复合薄膜的抗激光损伤性能。紫外辐照对提高HfO₂-Al₂O₃复合薄膜的激光损伤阈值效果尤为显著，辐照40 min后的激光损伤阈值达到44.33 J/cm²，比紫外辐照前的激光损伤阈值提高了90%。     

超声清洗与激光预处理对减反膜阈值的影响

 研究了超声清洗和激光预处理两种后处理手段对减反膜的损伤特性的影响。采用电子束蒸发技术制备了1 064 nm减反膜，利用超声清洗及激光预处理的方法分别对样品进行处理，并对处理前后的样品分别进行激光损伤阈值测试及破斑深度测量。结果表明：处理后减反膜的损伤阈值均有所提升，但激光预处理的阈值增强效果更加明显；超声清洗前后的破斑深度没有大的变化，而激光预处理后的破斑深度比处理前浅得多；原因在于超声清洗只能去除表面杂质，激光预处理可减少和抑制膜层内较深处的缺陷。     

Pulsed top-hat beam thermal-lens measurement for ultraviolet dielectric coatings

A mode-mismatched surface thermal-lens technique with pulsed top-hat beam excitation and a near-field detection scheme are developed to measure in situ the thermoelastic response of ultraviolet dielectric coatings to excimer-laser (193- or 248-nm) irradiation. The thermal-lens technique is demonstrated to be not only convenient for accurate determination of the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) but also sensitive to measurement of the thermoelastic response of dielectric coatings irradiated with fluence far below the LIDT, and hence is shown to be appropriate for time-resolved predamage investigation. A minimum detectable surface displacement of approximately 0.002 nm is achieved with a simple experimental configuration. Nonlinear absorption as well as the nonlinear effect in laser conditioning of a LaF(3)/MgF (2) highly reflective dielectric coating are observed for what is believed to be the first time.     

缓冲层对LBO晶体上1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜的激光损伤阈值的影响

采用电子束蒸发方法在LBO晶体上制备了无缓冲层和具有不同缓冲层的1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜.利用Lambda900分光光度计和调Q脉冲激光装置对样品的光学性能和抗激光损伤性能进行了测试分析.结果表明,所有样品在1 064 nm和532 nm波长的剩余反射率都分别小于0.1%和0.2%.与无缓冲层样品相比,采用SiO2和MgF2缓冲层薄膜的激光损伤阈值分别提高了23.1%和25.8%,而Al2O3缓冲层的插入却导致薄膜的激光损伤阈值降低.通过观察薄膜的激光损伤形貌,分析破斑的深度信息和电场分布,表明LBO晶体上1 064 nm,532 nm二倍频增透膜的激光损伤破坏主要表现为膜层剥落,激光产生的热冲击应力使薄膜应力发生很大变化,超过膜层之间的结合而引起膜层之间的分离.采用SiO2或MgF2缓冲层可改进Al2O3膜层的质量,从而有利于提高薄膜的激光损伤阈值.     

Effect of SiO2 protective layer on the femtosecond laser-induced damage of HfO2/SiO2 multilayer high-reflective coatings

Two kinds of HfO₂/SiO₂ 800 nm high-reflective (HR) coatings, with and without SiO₂ protective layer were deposited by electron beam evaporation. Laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) were measured for all samples with femtosecond laser pulses. The surface morphologies and the depth information of all samples were observed by Leica optical microscopy and WYKO surface profiler, respectively. It is found that SiO₂ protective layer had no positive effect on improving the LIDT of HR coating. A simple model including the conduction band electron production via multiphoton ionization and impact ionization is used to explain this phenomenon. Theoretical calculations show that the damage occurs first in the SiO₂ protective layer for HfO₂/SiO₂ HR coating with SiO₂ protective layer. The relation of LIDT for two kinds of HfO₂/SiO₂ HR coatings in calculation agrees with the experiment result.     

Comparison of laser-induced damage in Ta2O5 and Nb2O5 single-layer films and high reflectors

Ta2O5 and Nb2O5 films are deposited on BK7 glass substrates using an electron beam evaporation method and are annealed at 673 K in the air.In this letter,comparative studies of the optical transmittance,microstructure,chemical composition,optical absorption,and laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT) of the two films are conducted.Findings indicate that the substoichiometric defect is very harmful to the laser damage resistance of Ta2O5 and Nb2O5 films.The decrease of absorption improves the LIDT in films deposited by the same material.However,although the absorption of the Ta2O5 single layer is less than that of the Nb2O5 single layer,the LIDT of the former is lower than that of the latter.High-reflective(HR) coatings have a higher LIDT than single layers due to the thermal dissipation of the SiO2 layers and the decreased electric field intensity(EFI).In addition,the Nb2O5 HR coating achieves the highest LIDT at 25.6 J/cm 2 in both single layers and HR coatings.     

Laser conditioning of high-reflective and anti-reflective coatings in vacuum environments

Laser conditioning effects of the dielectric mirror coatings in vacuum environments were investigated. The laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) in vacuum environments before and after laser conditioning were compared. It is found that laser conditioning in vacuum environments decrease the LIDT of the component. Laser conditioning effects in vacuum and atmosphere environments were also compared and investigated. The negative effects of laser conditioning in vacuum environments were discussed and analyzed with defect statistical model, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and absorption measurements.     

光学元件激光预处理技术

国外学者用1064 nm激光对pickoff镜进行预处理,发现损伤阈值平均提高38.8%。国内研究者用CO2激光中度抛光后,熔石英基片的损伤阈值提到了30%左右,激光波长、扫描方式等对处理效果影响也比较明显。介绍了三种公认的预处理机制,将离线与在线处理方式做了简单地比较,并对国内外激光预处理技术的发展和前景进行了展望。     

1 053，527，351 nm倍频分离膜的制备与性能研究

 用电子束蒸发及光电极值监控技术在石英基底上沉积了三倍频分离膜，将部分样品置空气中于250 ℃温度下进行3 h热退火处理。然后用Lambda900分光光度计测量了样品的光谱性能；用表面热透镜技术测量了样品的弱吸收值；用调Q脉冲激光装置测试了样品分别在355 nm和1 064 nm的抗激光损伤阈值。实验结果发现，样品的实验光谱性能良好，退火前后其光谱性能几乎没有发生温漂，说明薄膜的温度稳定性好；同时弱吸收平均值从退火前的1.07×10^-4下降到退火后的6.2×10^-5，从而使对基频的抗激光损伤阈值提高，从14.6 J/cm²上升到18.8 J/cm²，但是三倍频阈值在退火后有显著降低，从7.5 J/cm²下降到2.5 J/cm²。     

Study on high-reflective coatings of different designs at 532 nm

Conventional HfO2/SiO2 and Al2O3/HfO2/SiO2 double stack high reflective （HR） coatings at 532 nm are deposited by electron beam evaporation onto BK7 substrates. The laser-induced damage threshold （LIDT） of two kinds of HR coatings is tested, showing that the laser damage resistance of the double stack HR coatings （16 J/cm2） is better than that of the conventional HR coatings （12.8 J/cm2）. Besides, the optical properties, surface conditions, and damage morphologies of each group samples are characterized. The results show that laser damage resistance of conventional HR coatings is determined by absorptive defect, while nodular defect is responsible for the LIDT of double stack HR coatings.