W波段三次谐波回旋管腔体设计

采用冷腔分析研究了带有光阑结构的开放式谐振腔中的模式竞争,设计了采用TE61模式工作的W波段三次谐波回旋管谐振腔。PIC粒子模拟结果表明:在不考虑腔壁损耗及电子注能散的情况下,采用注电压45 kV、电流3 A的电子注,可以实现三次谐波单模稳定工作,并获得约20 kW的输出功率,对应工作效率14.8%。     

回旋管同轴谐振腔模式的选择

 为了研究回旋管工作模式的选择机理,分析了圆柱波导开放式谐振腔、光滑同轴谐振腔和纵向内开槽同轴谐振腔相应波导的色散特性,进而研究了这些谐振腔内模式竞争的问题。对同轴结构波导色散方程作了相应的数值计算,结果表明,同轴谐振腔利用自身色散曲线与谐振腔内外半径比值的数值关系,能够使在开放式谐振腔内无法工作的高阶模式在其内部稳定工作。最后,以德国卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院(KIT)研制的同轴回旋管为例,进行了相应的分析计算,结果表明纵向内开槽同轴谐振腔相对于光滑同轴谐振腔更适合高阶模式的稳定工作。     

220 GHz三次谐波光子带隙谐振腔回旋管振荡器的研究

提出了一种220 GHz三次谐波光子带隙谐振腔回旋管振荡器的物理结构.利用光子晶体高频带隙确定了回旋管高阶电磁模式类TE63和三次电子回旋模的互作用状态.通过非线性理论,研究了腔内类TE63和类TE92模的弱模式竞争,得到了有利于回旋管三次谐波起振的工作条件和起振过程的非线性特征,其结果与粒子模拟基本一致.研究表明,利用光子带隙谐振腔的禁带特征,回旋管中高阶电磁模与高次电子回旋模能够发生有效的互作用关系被得到证实.     

206 GHz光子带隙谐振腔回旋管

分析了光子晶体谐振腔的模式选择功能,实现光子晶体谐振腔回旋管振荡器高阶电磁模与高次电子回旋模的有效耦合,并成功抑制了模式竞争。通过对光子晶体谐振腔禁带特性的分析,定出了工作模式为TE23模,还建立了光子晶体谐振腔回旋管的等效半径的概念,设计了自洽非线性理论和相关的计算机数值模拟程序。研究发现TE23模能有效地与电子的二次回旋谐波相互作用,其耦合频率为206 GHz,并极大地降低了对工作磁场的要求。在考虑诸多物理因素影响的情况下,对该二次谐波光子带隙谐振腔(PBGC)回旋管振荡器进行了参数优化,得到了电压40 kV、电流4.2 A、磁场3.925 T、输出功率35 kW、互作用效率21%的二次谐波TE23模PBGC回旋管振荡器。     

渐变复合腔回旋管高次谐波注-波互作用非线性模拟

利用含电流的传输线方程,在考虑多模与电子注互作用及多模耦合的情况下,对三次谐波渐 变复合腔回旋管进行了非线性模拟,计算了H₅₁-H₅₂模式下三次谐 波注波互作用,分析了多模对注-波互作用的影响. 关键词： 回旋管 渐变复合腔 多模注-波互作用 模式耦合 高次谐波     

THz回旋自谐振脉塞多模束波互作用非线性模拟

为了有效分析模式竞争,建立了回旋自谐振脉塞（CARM）多模束波互作用自洽非线性理论模型,并具体模拟研究了工作模式为TM51、频率为0.35 THz的高阶横磁模CARM中大轨道相对论电子束与多电磁模式的互作用过程。模拟结果表明:与回旋管不同,THz频段CARM可以有效工作于高阶TM模式,且具有较高的输出功率和增益;通过对工作参数的优化,可使工作模式的功率增长具有绝对优势,而竞争模式得到有效抑制;高阶TM模式THz频段CARM的性能对工作参数的变化十分敏感,在参数设计过程中必须对其进行多模束波互作用模拟分析。     

8mm波段三次谐波复合腔回旋管的非线性分析

利用含电流的传输线方程,在考虑了诸多实际因素影响的情况下,对三次谐波渐变复合腔回旋管进行了自洽非线性模拟,计算了H₅₁₁-H₅₂₁模式下三次谐波多模注波互作用,分析了电子注的厚度、速度零散、速度比α值及磁场波动对多模注波互作用的影响 关键词： 回旋管 复合腔 多模注波互作用 速度零散 速度比α     

170GHz兆瓦级同轴回旋振荡管的分析计算

回旋管是最有希望应用于正在实施的国际热核实验反应堆计划的微波源器件,然而研究设计符合要求的回旋管还存在很多困难需要解决.对170 GHz兆瓦级光滑同轴回旋管的注-波互作用进行了研究.选取模式谱相对稀疏的TE31,12作为工作模式,利用Matlab编制源程序,计算了同轴回旋管的注-波耦合系数、起振电流.在考虑电子速度零散、腔壁电阻率和单模近似的基础上,对光滑同轴谐振腔的优化设计和注-波互作用进行了仿真,给出了磁场、电压、电流和内导体倾角等参量与回旋管效率的关系.结果表明,电压和磁场对回旋管效率影响较大,电子速度零散对回旋管效率影响较小,因而可降低电子枪的设计要求.此外,优化内导体倾角和同轴谐振腔结构参数可提高注-波互作用效率,降低电子速度零散对互作用效率的影响,获得了约50%的电子效率及1.7 MW输出功率.     

95 GHz三次谐波回旋管设计

采用线性理论和非线性理论研究了回旋管谐振腔结构、寄生模式抑制及注波互作用等问题。设计了一支工作在95 GHz的三次谐波回旋管,注波互作用结构采用标准开放式谐振单腔,工作模式为TE64, 采用电压45 kV、电流5 A、横纵速度比为1.5的小回旋电子注。在不考虑电子注速度离散及厚度的情况下,非线性理论分析表明,该回旋管可以获得14 kW功率输出,横向互作用效率约为18%,整管效率约11%。     

回旋管光子带隙谐振腔冷腔电磁模式分析

利用二维三角格子金属光子带隙谐振腔代替回旋管的传统柱形谐振腔,并对腔体进行了TE波模式的计算与分析.综合考虑腔体内外的结构特征,给出了光子带隙谐振腔冷腔模式理论的研究方法,发现腔内存在单模工作的可能与条件以及非角对称情况下的电磁模式分布特征.研究结果表明,利用光子带隙谐振腔代替回旋管的传统腔体,可使回旋管在不受腔体横向尺度限制的条件下实现单模工作.这对于提高回旋管的功率容量、有效实现高次单模与高次回旋谐波耦合条件下的注-波互作用、降低工作磁场并从物理上根本改变回旋管的工作状态提供了理论依据. 关键词： 回旋管 金属光子带隙 谐振腔     

Comparison of Electron-Beam-Misalignment Effect on Starting Current and Output Power in Coaxial-Cavity and Cylindrical-Cavity Gyrotron Oscillators

Comparative study is presented to the effect of the electron-beam misalignment on the starting current and output power of the coaxial-cavity and cylindrical-cavity gyrotron oscillators operating in the millimeter wave ranges. The numerical analysis is based on the gyrokinetic formulas for a TE_28,16,1 mode at a frequency of 140 GHz. Results show that the coaxial-cavity gyrotron oscillator has lower starting current and less power loss than the cylindrical-cavity gyrotron oscillator when the electron-beam axis has a misalignment to the cavity axis.     

On the design of open resonators for quasi-optical gyrotrons

In the design of a 120 GHz 200 kW quasi-optical gyrotron, we have analyzed the influence of the open resonator geometry (two circular mirrors facing one another) on the electronic efficiency, the ohmic losses, the output coupling and the multimode behavior. The method we have used to optimized the resonator design will be presented. Mode selectivity is improved by using a resonator formed by two mirrors each of which has a central step. Numerical simulations show that single mode operation can also be attained in the more favorable situation of a magnetic field having a positive taper over the interaction region.     

Numerical simulation of a processes in the cavity of 170 GHz/CW/1 MW gyrotron for iter

We study two versions of a gyrotron operating in the TE_28.7 and TE_31.8 modes for electron-cyclotron heating of plasma in the international thermonuclear reactor ITER. The gyrotron cavity parameters are optimized allowing for ohmic losses, dips in electron beam potential, and velocity spread. The influence of the ion compensation for the space charge, the setting of oscillations at when the gyrotron is switched on, and the competition between the operating and parasitic modes are discussed. The possibility of attaining an efficiency of 32 to 36% for a specific power of ohmic losses in the cavity of less than 2.5 kW/cm² in the TE_28.7 mode and 2 kW/cm² in the TE_31.8 mode is demonstrated. Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 788–797, June, 1997.     

Continuous-Wave Operation of a 460-GHz Second Harmonic Gyrotron Oscillator

We report the regulated continuous-wave (CW) operation of a second harmonic gyrotron oscillator at output power levels of over 8 W (12.4 kV and 135 mA beam voltage and current) in the TE(0,6,1) mode near 460 GHz. The gyrotron also operates in the second harmonic TE(2,6,1) mode at 456 GHz and in the TE(2,3,1) fundamental mode at 233 GHz. CW operation was demonstrated for a one-hour period in the TE(0,6,1) mode with better than 1% power stability, where the power was regulated using feedback control. Nonlinear simulations of the gyrotron operation agree with the experimentally measured output power and radio-frequency (RF) efficiency when cavity ohmic losses are included in the analysis. The output radiation pattern was measured using a pyroelectric camera and is highly Gaussian, with an ellipticity of 4%. The 460-GHz gyrotron will serve as a millimeter-wave source for sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (dynamic nuclear polarization) experiments at a magnetic field of 16.4 T.     

Instability Entanglement in the Electron Cyclotron Maser

Investigation of absolute instability (AI) and convective instability (CI) of the electron cyclotron maser has independently led to the birth of gyrotron oscillators and amplifiers. Here, it is demonstrated that these instabilities can form a cooperative relationship owing to the nonlinear behavior of the stimulated electron beam. The CI can be induced in a zero-drive system with the assistance of AI, and the ohmic losses of all the excited waves inside the system are greatly reduced, which is called “instability entanglement” here. According to the theoretical and experimental study of a 167/330 GHz gyrotron, when instability entanglement occurs, the ohmic dissipation decreases to one-ninth of the AI-only condition, and the output power is enhanced by 20%. This discovery is promising for surpassing the ceiling of output power and frequency of gyrodevices placed by ohmic losses.     

Design of a 3-MW 140-GHz gyrotron with a coaxial cavity

A design for a 3-MW 140-GHz gyrotron based on the use of a coaxial cavity is given. The cavity mode is TE_21,13, chosen so that the ohmic heating on both the inner and outer conductors would be low enough for CW operation. The mode selection process, nonlinear, multimode and time-dependent modeling of the beam wave interaction, and gun design are discussed in detail. An inverted magnetron injection gun (MIG) is used to accommodate the inner conductor. The radiation is coupled out via a quasi-optical mode converter, consisting of an irregular cylindrical waveguide section followed by a step-cut launching aperture and a single near-parabolic mirror. The design of these components is also described     

165 GHz, 1.5 MW-coaxial cavity gyrotron with depressed collector

A further step in the development of a coaxial-cavity gyrotron operated in the transverse electric TE_-31,17 mode at 165 GHz is presented. The gyrotron has been equipped with a quasi-optical output system consisting of a Vlasov launcher with a single cut and two mirrors, one with a quasi-elliptic and the other with a nonquadratic phase correcting surface. The radio frequency (RF) power is transmitted through a single output window. A maximum output power of 1.7 MW has been achieved. At the nominal operational parameters an RF power of 1.3 MW with an efficiency of 27.3% has been measured. The efficiency increases to 41% in operation with a single-stage depressed collector     

Rieke diagrams for gyrotrons

Summary/conclusions Rieke diagrams provide a useful way of estimating the effect of reflections from the window on gyrotron performance. In some cases, a small change in the reflection coefficient can have a large effect on the output power and on the resonator wall losses. Rieke diagrams can also be useful in determining whether or not a mode will oscillate at all for a given set of parameters and reflection coefficieat.     

TE_(02)模式W波段三次谐波回旋管腔体设计

设计了用于W波段三次谐波回旋管的带有iris结构的开放式谐振腔。采用低损耗圆对称模式TE_(02)工作。起振电流为2.9A,欧姆效率67%。PIC数值模拟结果表明,TE_(02)模式在iris谐振腔中可以实现稳定的W波段三次谐波单模振荡。当电压为45kV、电流为4A、横纵速度比为1.5时,可以获得25.7kW功率输出,对应的工作效率为14.3%。     

Efficiency Enhancement of Coaxial-Cavity Electron Cyclotron Resonance Maser by Tapering Guide Magnetic Field

A coaxial-cavity cyclotron resonance maser (CRM) oscillator with tapered guide magnetic field is proposed. It is shown that the transmission quality can be improved by tapering the guide magnetic field. Simulation indicates that the efficiency of a millimeter-wave gyrotron oscillator may be reached up to 38.7% by optimizing the tapered magnetic field.