飞秒激光脉冲的谐波频率分辨光学开关法测量研究

建立了一台谐波频率分辨光学开关法(FROG)飞秒脉冲测量装置，利用该装置进行了掺钛蓝宝石飞秒激光脉冲的测量研究.在二次谐波自相关测得的时域和频域信号基础上，结合对信号光强度分布的计算机迭代处理，得到了有关飞秒激光电场、光谱及其相位的信息，所得脉宽与干涉测量的结果基本一致. 关键词： 频率分辨光学开关法(FROG) 迭代计算 飞秒激光 自相关     

快速扫描频率分辨光学开关装置测量超短激光脉冲

频率分辨光学开关法是目前测量超短激光脉冲的主流方法之一.本文比较了三大类二次谐波频率分辨光学开关系统的特点和适用范围,提出将标准二次谐波频率分辨光学开关法改装成一种快速扫描频率分辨光学开关法(frequency-resolved optical gating, FROG)装置.利用信号发生器输出的正弦信号同步地驱动音圈电机和扫描振镜,其中音圈电机带动直角反射镜往复运动可实现快速的延时扫描,与此同时扫描振镜快速转动进而按照延时顺序将自相关信号光谱反射至面阵相机感光面上的不同位置.该正弦信号还用于触发面阵相机持续曝光,即可拍摄到一幅完整的FROG迹线图,曝光时间可小于1 s.该方案在需要记录较大矩阵FROG迹线图的情形颇具优势,例如可实现色散大的啁啾脉冲和结构复杂的超短脉冲的实时测量.通过测量从自锁模钛宝石激光器输出的飞秒脉冲以及被200 mm厚的BK7玻璃块展宽后的啁啾脉冲的结构,证实了该装置的实用性.     

紫外超短脉冲激光的单次测量

 利用瞬态光栅衍射法研制了一台单次频率分辨光学开关激光参数测量仪,可以对脉宽范围在10 ps以内的紫外超短脉冲激光进行单次测量。利用该仪器对重复频率为10 Hz的放电泵浦和单次运行的电子束泵浦KrF准分子激光器的输出脉冲分别进行了单次测量,结果表明：对于放电泵浦,当系统工作在零啁啾附近时,脉冲波形和光谱分布较规则,相位分布起伏较小,当系统偏离零啁啾状态时,脉冲波形和光谱分布不再规则,并且相位分布为抛物线结构;对于单次运行的电子束泵浦,脉冲波形具有多峰结构,光谱具有复杂的调制,脉宽约为2 ps,带宽约为1.3 nm,相位分布为抛物线结构。     

不同波长飞秒脉冲的相位测量

飞秒脉冲技术的不断发展能够较方便地产生不同波段和结构特性的飞秒脉冲. 对已有的改进型零附加相位光谱相位相干电场重构系统进行优化整合,使之胜任不同特性飞秒脉冲的测量. 利用该系统测量了两台飞秒激光系统输出不同波长的脉冲及其通过厚度为80 mm的BK7玻璃块而得到的啁啾脉冲. 实验结果表明,该系统的适用范围较宽. 关键词： 光谱相位相干直接电场重构法 飞秒脉冲测量 波长     

改进型零附加相位光谱相位相干电场重构系统对啁啾脉冲的测量

现有的基于光谱相位相干电场重构法(SPIDER)的脉冲测量系统,在测量啁啾脉冲时容易出现误差.本文提出一个改进型零附加相位光谱相位相干电场重构系统(MZAP-SPIDER),来解决上述问题.在实验上,利用改进后的SPIDER系统测量了钛宝石飞秒激光器输出的脉冲及其经80mm长的BK7玻璃块展宽得到的啁啾脉冲.结果表明,该系统能胜任啁啾脉冲的相位测量.     

啁啾脉冲频谱相位的测量方法

啁啾脉冲频谱干涉仪(CPSI)是一种单发超快诊断仪器,其中采用大啁啾量的参考、探测脉冲并准确测量其频谱电场是仪器同时实现超高时间分辨和大量程测试的关键因素。基于变换极限飞秒脉冲和啁啾脉冲之间的频谱干涉,通过理论和数值计算研究提出了一种用于大啁啾量脉冲的频谱相位测量的线性光学测量方法,称之为非对称频谱干涉法。研究表明,当利用非对称频谱干涉法测量啁啾脉冲频谱干涉仪中的啁啾脉冲频谱相位时,时间延迟的平移误差和相对较小的飞秒脉冲啁啾会使测量结果产生一阶相位误差,并由此导致啁啾脉冲频谱干涉仪测量时域信号的结果产生时间上的平移,但是所测信号的相对时间演化过程不受其影响。     

飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形测试技术

飞秒激光在激光核聚变、卫星精密测距、激光微加工等领域具有重要的应用前景,同时也是产生太赫兹波的主要泵浦源。介绍了国内外飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形的测试方法,比较了自相关法、频率分辨光学快门法、光谱相位相干直接电场重构法的优缺点。自相关法具有脉宽测量范围广、结构简单等特点,但不具备脉冲波形测试能力。光谱相位相干直接电场重构法对待测激光光束质量要求较高, 不适合大量程范围激光脉宽快速测量。为满足10 fs~5 ps大量程范围超短激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形的测试需求,采用自相关法及二次谐波频率分辨光学开关法研制飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形测试仪,时间分辨率优于2 fs。     

飞秒脉冲测量技术

随着飞秒激光技术的发展，飞秒激光脉冲的准确测量已成为非常重要的研究内容。文章在简要概述几种常见测量方法的基础上，着重综述了近年来发展起来的光学频率光栅开关法（FROG）及自参考光谱位相相干电场重建法（SPIDER），并介绍了文章作者进行的相关工作。     

激光参数测量

TN247 2004010183 飞秒激光脉冲的谐波频率分辨光学开关法测量研究=Measurement of femtosecond laser pulses using SHG frequency-resolved optical gating technique[刊,中]/王兆华(中科院物理所光物理开放实验室.北京(100080)),魏志义…∥物理学报.—2003,52(2).—362-366 建立了一台谐波频率分辨光学开关法(FROG)飞秒     

超短激光脉冲波形的单次测量技术

提出了一种测量单次超短激光脉冲波形的三阶相关技术.该技术有别于频率分辨光开关法或自参考光谱相位相干电场重构法,技术上采用级联的方式,借助倍频晶体以及和频晶体的非共线频率转换,将双延迟的三阶强度相关信号转换为对应的二维空间强度分布,通过测量双延迟的二维三阶相关信号,无需测量光谱信息,利用解析方法获得脉冲的时间波形;再将它与对应的光谱相结合,利用Gerchberg-Saxton算法,可以准确获得激光场强的时间特性.该测量技术结构简单、算法简便,既适用于单次超快激光脉冲测量,也适用于高重频测量.     

Electric-field reconstruction of femtosecond laser pulses from interferometric autocorrelation using an evolutionary algorithm

We present an evolutionary algorithm for reconstructing a femtosecond laser pulse from its interferometric autocorrelation trace and laser spectrum. The algorithm is optimized for the intensity and phase characterization of several-cycle optical pulses. We tested this algorithm with numerically-generated femtosecond pulses and then applied it to experimental data. In the experiment, a negatively chirped 31-fs pulse and a sub-10-fs pulse containing high-order phase distortion were characterized. Frequency-resolved optical gating measurements, performed for comparison, confirm the reliability of our technique.     

Coherent measurement of short laser pulses based on spectral interferometry resolved in time

We propose a new method for measuring the phase and the amplitude of a short laser pulse that is based on shearing interferometry in the spectral domain combined with time gating. The method has several features in common with spectral interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction, in particular, fast and direct reconstruction of the phase. Accurate measurement of the phase added to an 80-fs pulse by a block of F4 glass demonstrates the technique.     

Contrast and phase characterization of a high-peak-power 20-fs laser pulse

We fully characterize a high-peak-power, ultrashort laser pulse in a Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplification laser system. The contrast, temporal, and spectral phases of the 20-fs pulse are determined by using high-dynamic-range cross-correlation and frequency-resolved optical gating techniques. Minimization of the total phase error can be achieved by balancing the phase terms of the group delay dispersion and quartic. The laser system is currently being applied to perform high-field atomic ionization experiments at 10²⁰ W/cm².     

Complete temporal characterization of asymmetric pulse compression in a laser wakefield

We present complete experimental characterization of the temporal shape of an intense ultrashort 200-TW laser pulse driving a laser wakefield. The phase of the pulse was uniquely measured by using (second-order) frequency-resolved optical gating. The pulses are asymmetrically compressed and exhibit a positive chirp consistent with the expected asymmetric self-phase-modulation due to photon acceleration or deceleration in a relativistic plasma wave. The measured pulse duration decreases linearly with increasing length and density of the plasma, in quantitative agreement with the intensity-dependent group velocity variation in the plasma wave.     

Compressor optimization with compressor-based multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS)

The multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS) technique is modified to optimize the compressor settings of a chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser system. Here, we use the compressor itself to perform the phase scan inherent in MIIPS measurement . A frequency-resolved optical gating measurement shows that the pulse duration of the compressor optimized using the modified MIIPS technique is 33.8 fs with a 2.24 rad temporal phase variation above 2% intensity. The measured time-bandwidth product is 0.60, which is close to that of transform-limited Gaussian pulse (0.44).     

Generation of 88 as Isolated Attosecond Pulses with Double Optical Gating

Isolated attosecond pulses with a duration of 88 as are generated in the spectral range of 29-72 eV using double optical gating technique.The gate width is set to be shorter than half the optical cycle to avoid carrier envelop phase stabilization of the 4.2 fs driving laser pulses centered at 800 nm.The attosecond pulse duration is measured with the technique of frequency resolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts.     

双光子自相关测量超短激光脉冲技术的研究

介绍了超短脉冲测量的常用技术,包括二阶自相关法、频率分辨光学开关法、自参考光谱位相相干电场重建法等,提出了一种新的测量方法——双光子自相关测量法,并进行了大量实验,试验表明,利用双光子自相关法能较精确地测量低功率、低重复频率超短脉冲的脉宽。和其他方法相比,试验装置更为简单。     

Adaptive pulse compression for transform-limited 15-fs high-energy pulse generation

We demonstrate the use of a deformable-mirror pulse shaper, combined with an evolutionary optimization algorithm, to correct high-order residual phase aberrations in a 1-mJ, 1-kHz, 15-fs laser amplifier. Frequency-resolved optical gating measurements reveal that the output pulse duration of 15.2 fs is within our measurement error of the theoretical transform limit. This technique significantly reduces the pulse duration and the temporal prepulse energy of the pulse while increasing the peak intensity by 26%. It is demonstrated, for what is believed to be the first time, that the problem of pedestals in laser amplifiers can be addressed by spectral-domain correction.