暂态热重法分析混合导电材料YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的透氧性能

用暂态热重法研究了 YBa2 Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)粉末在不同的温度下 N2 → O2 → N2 交变气流中的吸氧、脱氧过程 ,估算了其在不同温度下的氧吸附速率、氧脱附速率。结果表明 ,YBCO对氧有强烈的选择吸附性 ,并且其吸氧、脱氧过程是可逆的 ,氧吸附过程较迅速 ,而氧脱附过程则较缓慢 ;氧吸附或氧脱附过程在开始阶段是表面扩散 ,以后主要是体扩散。     

多孔材料分形扩散模型的Fourier-Bessel级数算法及其应用

将Fick扩散定律的Fourier三角级数算法推广成多孔材料分形扩散模型的Fourier-Bessel级数算法,并把它应用于化学工程中吸附问题涉及的浓度分布与相对吸附量的计算中,取得一些规律性认识.由于分形扩散模型是在Fick扩散定律的基础上增加了表征微观结构的参数d_f和θ,研究多孔材料中的浓度分布与相对吸附量时,与Fick扩散定律的研究结果相比,定性上基本一致,在定量上有差别,d_f和θ对扩散传质过程的影响各有侧重,用它们可更好地描述多孔材料中的扩散过程.     

沸石─水系统吸附床动态特性的实验研究及其吸附特性的测定

沸石─水系统吸附床动态特性的实验研究及其吸附特性的测定林宏佐，曹丽萍，张建国，孙晗（北京工业大学热能系北京１０００２２）关键词：沸石，吸附性能，吸附量，吸附热一、前言早在七十年代，有人就提出利用固体吸附一脱附循环储存热能或制冷（或热泵）。吸附床的动态...     

活性炭对苯蒸汽吸附分离过程的实验研究

本文选用活性炭对苯蒸汽进行了动态、静态吸附性能实验,研究了苯蒸汽在不同系列活性炭上的吸附、脱附性能以及活性炭微孔结构对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:苯蒸汽在活性炭上的吸脱附性能明显与吸附剂的比表面、孔容、孔径与孔径分布直接相关。     

薄膜生长的随机模型

利用Monte Carlo模型研究了薄膜生长初始阶段岛的形貌与基底温度之间的关系,同时还研究了它们与汽相粒子入射剩余能量之间的关系．模型中考虑了三种动力学过程：粒子入射、吸附粒子扩散和粒子脱附,与以前薄膜生长模型的不同之一在于把入射过程看作独立于其他过程,而扩散和脱附过程是相互关联的．结果表明随基底温度的升高,岛的形貌经历了一个从分散生长、分形生长到凝聚生长的变化过程．低温下随汽相粒子入射和剩余能量增加,岛的形貌也经历了同样的变化过程. 关键词：     

利用快速扫描伏安法测定醋酸根和甲酸根在铂(111)电极上吸附等温线 (cited: 3)

快速扫描伏安法是一种可以用来区分氧化/还原,吸附/脱附反应的有效工具. 这里,我们将提供一种新的方法,在一种相对浓度较低的反应物溶液中,利用不同的电位扫描速率(相对于扩散速率),可以得到电极表面的吸附/脱附过程的等温线. 本文将以醋酸根在酸性溶液中在Pt(111)上吸附作为例子,并将此方法扩展到复杂的甲酸氧化反应机理研究中.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化杜仲叶加工剩余物中的京尼平苷酸

以杜仲叶加工剩余物为原料,研究(比较)了S-8、AB-8、D101和X-5 4种大孔吸附树脂对杜仲中的降血压活性成分京尼平苷酸(GPA)的吸附及脱附性能。以S-8型树脂吸附-水脱附工艺纯化GPA的优化工艺为:脱附剂用量300mL、脱附流速3mL/min、上柱液pH值1.0,脱附过程的最大影响因素为脱附剂流速,GPA的脱附率达89.64%,GPA含量由7.23%提高到45.18%。     

用射频溅射方法制备的多晶ZnO薄膜的光响应与其结构变化

用射频溅射方法在较高氧压下沉积的多晶的ZnO薄膜,其光响应主要由两部分组成:第一部分来源于膜内晶粒界面所吸附氧原子的光脱附,该部分光响应可使膜的电导率增加两个数量级且响应速度较快;第二部分来源于薄膜表面所吸附氧原子的光脱附,此光响应可使膜的电导率增加4一5个数量级,但响应速度非常缓慢.两部分光响应都来自薄膜的结构变化,膜的结构变化与膜所处环境中气体的种类,压强以及膜的温度有关. 关键词：     

加速流动下细胞的滚动和脱附

剪切流动下细胞吸附、滚动和脱附的物理机理对理解相关体内生物过程和发展体外微流体技术非常重要.已有研究集中于匀速流动下细胞吸附过程,而加速流动广泛存在于体内和体外流动,但加速流动对细胞吸附及脱附的影响及机理尚不清楚。我们采用界面追踪法研究了加速流动下细胞的滚动及脱附行为。结果表明:1)相对匀速流动,加速流动下细胞更难发生滚动和脱附;2)加速度越小,细胞变形越大,细胞发生滚动和脱附的临界壁面应力也越大。     

水合金属氧化物对氟的吸附机理研究

通过碱沉淀法制备了Ce,Al,Ni,Cu的水合氧化物,研究了它们的Langmuir吸附等温线,并利用BET法通过吸附-脱附氮气测定了其比表面积,同时对其吸附氟离子前后的变化进行了IR谱图的表征.结果表明不同水合金属氧化物具有不同的比表面积,其孔径分布也不尽相同,吸附量与比表面积之间没有直接相关的正比关系.吸附等温线均符...     

新型双重热化学吸附制冷热力循环研究

本文提出了一种全新的基于吸附-再吸附技术的双重热化学吸附制冷热力循环.实验研究表明该新型双重热化学吸附制冷热力循环用于制冷空调领域是完全可行的,在每次循环过程中仅从外界热源输入一次高温解吸热,就可以实现吸附制冷和再吸附制冷两次制冷过程;相对传统热化学再吸附制冷循环和吸附制冷循环,双重热化学吸附制冷热力循环可显著提高吸附...     

New method for determination of equilibrium/kinetic sorption parameters

We proposed a new method from which kinetic sorption parameters can be estimated using aqueous phase concentration versus time data commonly available from adsorption tests. The method relies on the analytical solution that was solved for two-site reversible sorption kinetics based on mass conservation law for solute in a batch reaction system. In order to validate the method, model parameters were compared with those of three-stage kinetic models available in the literature. It was revealed that model parameters of the two-site kinetics could accurately be estimated as much as other model parameters. Advantage of the new method is acquisition of additional parameter, distribution or partitioning coefficient (K_d) frequently used in the analysis of chemical transfer in the solid–liquid interface.     

Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of nano-TiO2 particles on synthetic biofilm

Understanding the environmental behavior of nanoparticles includes their interaction with biofilms, which is a covering on the surface of a living or nonliving substrate composed of microorganisms. This study focuses on nano-TiO₂ sorption mechanism by synthetic biofilm that was prepared as superporous spherical beads from agarose, using batch stirred flasks kept at room temperature. The pH plays an important part in these phenomena, by its influence on the nanoparticles and biofilm chemistry, where the biofilm nanoTiO₂ uptake at neutral pH was enhanced over acidic conditions. Hydroxylation of TiO₂ nanoparticles, dependent on pH and the salinity of the solution, influences the stability of colloids, the sorption kinetics via the nature of limiting phases: diffusion through the boundary layer or intrabiofilm mass transfer and the sorption mechanism. The sorption follows pseudo first-order adsorption kinetics with estimated average rate constants of 2.2 (min^? 1). Equilibrium isotherms were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to obtain the maximum uptake at different solution pH and the free energy of the adsorption. The adsorption is apparently irreversible because biofilm limits diffusion of particles out of the pores and the complexation active binding sites on the surface hydrated biofilm to the hydrophilic TiO₂ nanoparticles.     

Conditions for growth of columnar and filamentary crystals

The computer model of the initial stage of condensation processes is developed. The stochastic processes of adsorption, surface diffusion, and desorption occur on the 70×70 lattice of adsorption vacancies. The model was tested by an example close to water vapor sorption on a conventional crystal surface. Computed results demonstrate the processes of nucleation, growth of crystals, and developed condensation. Computations were carried out for various adsorption energies. Results showed that with decreasing energy of adsorption the character and rate of nucleation and subsequent condensation vary. With decreasing energy of adsorption the probability of nucleation of islets on substrate reduces, the filling of the next atomic layers on islets occurs earlier than the filling of the substrate, the growth rate of islets in height increases as compared to condensation of a continuous film, and the growth rate of area of islets decreases. There is a typical energy of adsorption at which the growth rate of islets in height reaches its maximum. At a further drop of adsorption energy, there is a growth of islets only in height, the growth rate, however, reduces. The phenomena revealed in computations illustrate the mechanism of origin of columnar and filamentary crystals.     

Effect of adsorbent heat and mass transfer resistances on performace of an open-cycle adiabatic desiccant cooling system

A mathematical model describing the heat and mass transfer processes that occur during sorption of water vapor in a dehumidifier consisting of parallel channels lined on either side width desiccant felt, is presented. The model includes both gas-side and solid-side resistances for thermal and mass transport. The moisture transport in the desiccant is expressed by considering both gas phase diffusion and surface diffusion. The heat and mass transfer in the desiccant matrix occurs simultaneously and is coupled by an equilibrium sorption relation which is applied locally within the desiccant. Solutions are obtained by using an explicit finite-difference scheme.The effect of heat and mass transfer Biot numbers and other system parameters on the performance of an adiabatic open-cycle cooling system are investigated.     

Effect of bulk resistivity,annealing temperature and illumination on oxygen sorption on CdSe surfaces

The bulk resistivity, annealing temperature and photo-illumination were found to have large effects on the oxygen sorption of the Cd (0001) surfaces of CdSe. For the higher resistivity surfaces, annealing at temperatures below ~ 400°C, no oxygen adsorption was detected. However, if the surfaces were annealed at temperatures above ~ 500°C, a significant amount of oxygen adsorption was subsequently detected at room temperature in darkness. This adsorbed oxygen could be partially desorbed by visible light and almost completely desorbed by UV light. On the other hand, surfaces of very low resistivities were so much more reactive to oxygen that appreciable oxygen adsorption in darkness was detected. This oxygen adsorption was always enhanced by illumination with UV or visible light. Annealing at ~ 550 °C had no significant effect on this photo-adsorptive behaviour. However, annealing at temperatures ~ 500–550°C decreased the diffraction intensity. Based on mass spectrometer analysis, the decrease in diffraction intensity was interpreted as due to diffusion of excess Cd to the surface. The oxygen sorption behaviours of all the surfaces investigated were adequately explained by the existing theories based on charge transfer between the surfaces and the adsorbed oxygen.     

Reaction beds for dry sorption machines

Periodically operating dry sorption machines utilize the reaction enthalpies of suitable reversible adsorption and absorption reactions for the generation of useful heat and cold. Typical working materials are ammoniated salts (chlorides in connection with ammonia), zeolites (with water), activated carbon (with methanol), metal hydrides (with hydrogen). The key elements of such machines are the reaction beds, typically cylindrical tubes, in which ad(ab)sorption and desorption takes place, or in which the ad(ab)sorbant is condensed and evaporated. The heat and mass transfer inside these reaction beds is decisive for the operational characteristics of respective machines. An overview is given of typical designs of the reaction beds. Special emphasis is given to heat transfer enhancement techiques inside the reaction beds. The external heat transfer from and to the reaction bed wall is also addressed.     

Adsorption kinetics of 4-chlorophenol onto granular activated carbon in the presence of high frequency ultrasound

This work describes the results of investigations carried out to examine the adsorption kinetics of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from aqueous solution containing tert-butyl alcohol (10%, v/v) onto granular activated carbon (GAC) in the presence of ultrasound of different high frequencies (516, 800 and 1660 kHz) and acoustic powers (15.2, 21.5, 31.1 and 38.3 W). The main objective of this study is to describe the mechanism of ultrasound-assisted adsorption rather than the enhancement of adsorption capacity. Sonochemical degradation of 4-CP was studied in the absence and presence of tert-butyl alcohol. The sonolysis of 4-CP is effectively inhibited by the addition of tert-butyl alcohol (10%, v/v) and very little 4-CP degradation occurs, indicating that little or no pyrolysis of the compound occurs. Without addition of tert-butyl alcohol, after 300 min and at 1660 kHz, the removal of 4-CP in the presence of ultrasound for an acoustic power of 38.3 W was nearly total (99%), but in the conventional method only 60% was eliminated. In this case, the removal of 4-CP by GAC in the ultrasound-assisted technique is due to both adsorption and ultrasonic degradation, but the removal by simple stirring is only due to adsorption, which makes a direct comparison unacceptable. In order to distinguish sonochemical degradation and adsorption of 4-CP onto GAC and to make an exact and practical comparison of the adsorption in the absence and presence of ultrasound, kinetic adsorption experiments were conducted using aqueous solution containing 10% (v/v) tert-butyl alcohol. The obtained results show that both adsorption rate and adsorbed amount were significantly enhanced and improved in the presence of ultrasound for all the studied frequencies and powers. The enhancement of adsorption is favored by increasing ultrasonic power. Adsorption kinetic data were modeled using the liquid-film mass transfer equation and intraparticle diffusion model. The values of the intraparticle diffusion coefficient obtained in the presence of ultrasound are greater than that obtained in the absence of ultrasound. In the initial period of adsorption, where external mass transfer is assumed to predominate, liquid-film mass transfer coefficients significantly increased by the assistance of ultrasound. These results indicate that ultrasound enhances the mass transport in the pores as well as across the boundary layer. This effect increased with increasing ultrasonic power for the three studied frequencies. The average order for the studied ultrasonic waves according to the initial adsorption rate, the intraparticle diffusion coefficient and the liquid-film mass transfer coefficient is 516 kHz>800 kHz>1660 kHz.     

Sorption and Diffusion of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in a Biodegradable Polymer

A gravimetric method was used to study the sorption and diffusion of supercritical carbon dioxide in a temperature range from 40°C to 80°C and a pressure range from 8.0 to 18.0 MPa in a biodegradable polymer, namely poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The PBAT presented Fickian behavior and Fick's diffusion model was applied to determine the amount of carbon dioxide present in the samples after a predetermined exposure time as well as the diffusion coefficients. The variations of diffusion coefficients of CO₂ for the sorption under supercritical conditions and desorption at ambient conditions as well as equilibrium sorption amounts of CO₂ with variations of pressure and temperature were determined and compared.     

Adsorption and diffusion of cyclopentane in silicalite-1: a thermodynamic and kinetic study

The adsorption isotherm, differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), thermal gravimetry (TG), diffusion and thermodynamic parameters of cyclopentane at various adsorption coverages have been investigated using microgravimetric technique over a range of temperature. The differences in equilibrium adsorption capacity and in diffusion coefficient at different temperature are discussed in terms of the characteristics of silicalite-1 and the features of cyclopentane molecule. The heat of sorption Q_st varies significantly with sorption coverage indicating that the adsorption and diffusion mechanism is complex. The dependences of thermodynamic properties like free energy change (ΔG) and entropy change (ΔS) on sorption coverage show a sharp decrease and increase suggesting that the adsorption sites of the silicalite-1 are not energetically uniform to cyclopentane. Two desorption peaks in the DTG and TG curves suggest that two heterogenous binding sites surely exist in silicalite-1 to cyclopentane.