低温下不锈钢导热系数的测量

在低温条件下利用稳态纵向热流法测量了制造低温阀门常用的316L不锈钢和17-4PH不锈钢的导热系数,通过实验表明两者的导热系数与316不锈钢的导热系数十分接近。     

Effects of heavy impurities on thermodynamic properties of solid hydrogen

The influence of a heavy substitutional impurity on the thermodynamics of the rotational sub-system of solid hydrogen is studied. A splitting of 3°K is found for the rotational level of the orthohydrogen molecule with the heavy impurity as the nearest neighbour on the assumption that the heavy isotopic impurity suppresses short-range dynamic correlations. The contribution of impurity-orthomolecule pairs to the thermodynamics of the rotational sub-system is also studied. The calculated values are in a fair agreement with experiment.     

Nuclear acoustic resonance in tantalum with low concentrations of hydrogen impurities

Nuclear acoustic resonance (NAR) has been observed in tantalum single crystals with low concentrations of hydrogen (7.8 and 16 ppm) between 4.2 K and room temperature. The temperature dependence of the Δm=1 transition is reported for the first time. For the Δm=2 transition the temperature dependence of the linewidth is analysed in terms of the precipitation of a hydride phase in the Ta-H system. The differences in linewidth between virgin and pre-cooled runs can be interpreted by the effect of dislocations generated during the precipitation.     

The temperature dependence and anisotropy of the thermal conductivity in polyacetylene

Observations of anisotropic transport in (CH)_x reported to date have been made on stretch-oriented films in the plane of the film. We report the first observations of anisotropy in the thermal conductivity measured parallel and perpendicular to the plane of unstretched films. The room-temperature value measured along the film is $\text{50}\text{mW}\text{cm}\text{?}\text{K}$, and is almost a factor of 20 higher than that observed perpendicular to the film $\text{(}\text{3}\text{mW}\text{cm}\text{?}\text{K}\text{)}$. Finally, the temperature dependences for the parallel and perpendicular thermal conductivities are reported.     

Simultaneous determination of specific heat,thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity at low temperature via the photopyroelectric technique

The photopyroelectric effect has been used to measure simultaneously specific heat (c), thermal conductivity (k) and thermal diffusivity () at low temperatures. A calibration procedure which allows the use of a pyroelectric transducer at low temperatures is described. Simultaneous measurements of c, k, and over a high T _c superconducting phase transition are reported.     

Effect of pressure on the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of InSb

The dependence of the thermal conductivity of indium antimonide on temperature (in the range 300–450 K) and hydrostatic pressure (up to 0.4 GPa) has been investigated. It is shown that the phonon thermal conductivity λ_ph obeys the law T ^?n (n ≥ 1). Hydrostatic pressure affects the magnitude and temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of InSb: with an increase in pressure, the thermal conductivity increases, while the parameter n in the dependence λ_ph ≈ T ^?n decreases.     

Glasslike thermal conductivity of tourmaline at low temperatures

Thermal conductivity measurements parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis in tourmaline single crystals are reported in the range of 1.7 – 35K. The spontaneous polarization is constrained to the c-axis in tourmaline. The thermal conductivity (K) follows the glasslike K ∝ T^1.9 below 6K in both crystallographic directions, and the magnitude of K is in the upper range found in glasses. It is concluded that the glasslike thermal properties associated with the spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric - type solids occur isotropically throughout the crystal and are not limited to the polarization direction.     

The temperature dependence of quadrupole interactions at cadmium impurities in Arsenic metal

We have performed time differential perturbed angular correlation measurements over a temperature range from 77 K to 763 K to investigate the static electric quadrupole interaction of¹¹¹Cd in rhombohedral Arsenic metal. The observed quadrupole interaction frequency decreases with increasing temperature and is consistent with the well knownT ^3/2 relation, valid for metals.     

固体材料低温热导率的测量

本实验以4.2K二级G-M制冷机为冷源,采用稳态轴向热流法测量了304不锈钢与环氧玻璃钢在低温下的热导率,讨论了样品上初始温差的成因及其影响,给出了热导率真实值所在的区间,并对测量误差以及各种漏热带来的影响进行了分析。     

低温下固体接触热阻与接触电阻的实验研究

在低温工程中,两个接触固体之间存在着接触热阻与接触电阻,将对低温实验中热量及电流的传输产生显著的影响,是进行低温下物性研究的关键。自行研制了一套可同步实现固体接触热阻和接触电阻的测量装置,该系统具有较高的精度,可实现外界力、温度等对接触热阻的测量,同时具备接触电阻的实时测量功能。在此基础上,开展了外界压力、温度、电流对接触热阻和接触电阻的实验研究。实验结果显示:随着压力的增大,接触热阻与接触电阻随之减小;低温下,随着温度的增大接触热阻与接触电阻增大,接触电阻增大的速率要比接触热阻快。温度平衡时,20mA范围内的电流变化对接触电阻的影响显著,对接触热阻影响非常小。当界面温度达到室温后,首次观测到接触热阻和接触电阻会随着温度的增大而减小。     

Lattice thermal conductivity of polyvinyl acetate at low temperatures

The lattice thermal conductivity of a non-crystalline polymer has been studied at low temperatures in the frame of the density fluctuation model by calculating the total lattice thermal conductivity of polyvinyl acetate in the temperature range 0.1–4K as an example and a very good agreement has been reported between the calculated and the experimental values of the lattice thermal conductivity in the entire temperature range of study. It is also found that at low temperatures, the lattice thermal resistivity of a non-crystalline polymer is mainly due to scattering of phonons by empty spaces.     

Temperature dependence studies of the electric field gradient at cadmium impurities in heavy rare earth metals

Several of the rare earth metals (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) containing¹¹¹Cd impurities have been studied by the method of time differential perturbed angular correlations (TDPAC) to study electric field gradients. Experiments have been made over a temperature range in which no magnetic interactions are expected. We have observed general correlation patterns whose shapes are temperature dependent. We suggest this provides evidence of a reversible temperature dependent strain or distortion near the impurity atom.Supported in part by the US Energy and Research Development Administration under grant #E(11-1)-2184.     

Pressure dependence of the thermal conductivity of glasses

The volume (pressure) dependence of the thermal conductivity for a number of glasses has been evaluated. The calculation is based on a simple model, assuming the thermal conductivity of the glass to be equal to the minimum of the thermal conductivity, and treating the acoustical phonons by a continuum Debye model, and the optical phonons by an Einstein type model. For SiO₂ based glasses, the logarithmic volume derivative of the thermal conductivity turns out to be small, with both positive and negative values occurring, while for the chalcogenide glass As₂S₃ this quantity is appreciably larger and positive.     

Pressure dependence of the thermal conductivity of aluminium

The thermal diffusivity, a, of aluminium has been measured at pressures up to 2.5 GPa at room temperature, and from these results the pressure dependence of the thermal conductivity, λ, has been calculated. Both quantities increase with pressure. The increase in a amounts to 4.6% to 1 GPa and 10.4% to 2.5 GPa. The initial pressure coefficient of the electronic thermal conductivity λ_e is found to be [λ_e]^-1?λ_e/?P = 3.7 × 10^-2GPa^-1, which agrees very well with a recent theoretical calculation.