Fishbone-like instability in a looped-tube thermoacoustic engine

Quasi-periodic bursts of acoustic oscillations were observed during the start-up process in a looped-tube thermoacoustic engine. The acoustic oscillations have a constant frequency of 111 Hz, while the bursts have "quasi-periods" in the order of 14-25 s. The quasi-periodic bursts show a new mode of amplitude growth in this thermoacoustic engine. The envelope of the acoustic oscillations has a fishbone-like shape. The nature of the observed fishbone-like instabilities suggests a strong interaction between the acoustic and temperature field.     

串级热声发动机的机理分析及数值模拟

简要综述了热声发动机的发展历程,把三种典型的发动机形式作了比较分析,在此基础上,对国际上最近提出的串级型发动机进行了定性讨论,并结合一定的几何结构,运用线性热声理论对该类型热声机进行了数值模拟。     

热声热机起振过程中回热器内气体的温度分布

文中研究了驻波型热声发动机回热器内的气体,研究时段为从加热到起振前的过程,对气体在此时段内建立数学模型并加以分析。通过求解该模型,得出了回热器内不同时间和位置点的温度变化,其计算结果与实验数据相吻合。最后对模型简化导致的误差进行了分析修正。     

An open-air infrasonic thermoacoustic engine

A low-frequency open-air thermoacoustic engine in a Helmholtz resonator has been constructed. Tests indicate that the system resonates in the Helmholtz mode for modest thermoacoustic stack temperature differences using stacks of varying type and pore size located within the neck of the Helmholtz resonator. The maximum acoustic pressure radiated from the open end of the resonator corresponds to 81 dB-SPL ref 20 μPa at a stack temperature difference of 185 K and an input electric power of 276 W. The system is well characterized by a numerical model of a representative stack.     

Finding thermoacoustic limit cycles for a ducted Burke-Schumann flame

This paper examines nonlinear thermoacoustic oscillations of a ducted Burke-Schumann diffusion flame. The nonlinear dynamics of the thermoacoustic system are studied using two distinct approaches. In the first approach, a continuation analysis is performed to find limit cycle amplitudes over a range of operating conditions. The strength of this approach is that one can characterize the coupled system’s nonlinear behaviour over a large parameter space with relative ease. It is not able to give physical insight into that behaviour, however. The second approach uses a Flame Describing Function (FDF) to characterize the flame’s response to harmonic velocity fluctuations over a range of forcing frequencies and forcing amplitudes, from which limit cycle amplitudes can be found. A strength of the FDF approach is that it reveals the physical mechanisms responsible for the behaviour observed. However, the calculation of the FDF is time consuming, and it must be recalculated if the flame’s operating conditions change. With the strengths and shortcomings of the two approaches in mind, this paper advocates combining the two to provide the dynamics over a large parameter space and, furthermore, physical insight into that behaviour at judiciously-chosen points in the parameter space. Further physical insight concerning the flame’s near-linear response at all forcing amplitudes is given by studying the forced flame in the time domain. It is shown that, for this flame model, the limit cycles arise because of the flame’s nonlinear behaviour when it is close to the inlet.     

三级行波热声发动机的声场特性

设计并搭建了一台三级行波热声发动机,并基于线性热声理论和实验研究分析了该热声发动机的声场特性。结果表明:理论计算中各级加热功率相同时,发动机声场对称;而实验中加热功率相同时声场存在不一致性,需要输入特定的加热功率来控制三级加热温度基本相同,从而保证三级声场基本对称,此时相邻两级对应位置的压力相位差在120°±10°范围内;随着充气压力和加热温度的升高,系统工作频率略有升高,变化不显著,系统压力振幅和压比则增大明显。以氮气和氦气为工质时,工作频率分别在20 Hz和55 Hz左右;实验中压比分别达到了1.28和1.18。     

Design and experiment on a mini cascade thermoacoustic engine

A miniature cascade thermoacoustic engine had been designed and tested, which length was about 1m, operating at 500 Hz. Pilot study and experimental results shown a rather good agreement between measured and calculated pressure fields and temperatures distributions in the thermoaoustic engine. The peak-to-peak value of the acoustic pressure was 0.02 MPa at the 1.8 MPa charged pressure of helium. Some efforts had been made to extend the traveling-wave region based on the analysis of the acoustic impedance.     

Thermodynamic efficiency of thermoacoustic mixture separation

The acoustic power loss in the thermoacoustic mixture-separation process is derived, including the contributions due to a nonzero gradient in concentration. The significance of the gradient-dependent term is discussed. The limiting thermodynamic efficiency of the separation is calculated. Under reasonable circumstances, the efficiency approaches 10(-2) nHnL(delta m/m(avg))2, where nH and nL are the mole fractions of the two components of the mixture, and delta m/m(avg) is the fractional difference between the molar masses of the two components. This efficiency is of the same order of magnitude as that of some other, more conventional separation methods.     

多段式回热器的斯特林热声发动机CFD仿真

热声回热器的温度梯度使得轴向气体存在不同粘性,因此单一水力直径的丝网会引起回热器的直流损失。为了减小该损失,文中提出了多段式回热器结构,建立了适用于大振幅下斯特林热声发动机的三维CFD计算模型。计算结果验证了多段式回热器能有效提高热声发动机的整机性能。该研究有助于增加对回热器的进一步认识和理解。     

热声发动机起振行为实验研究

研究了热声发动机起振过程,对Benavides构建的动力学模型的计算方法进行了优化,计算了控制压力、回热器参数和系统频率对热声发动机起振温度的影响。并进行了实验,计算结果与实验结果一致,证明了优化效果。     

Influence of resonator shape on nonlinear acoustic field in a thermoacoustic engine

The influence of the resonator shape on nonlinear acoustic field in a thermoacoustic engine is studied.The resonator of themoacoustic engine is boundary driving by a piston at one end,and the other end of it is rigid closed.A one-dimensional wave equation that accounts for gas dynamic nonlinearities and viscous dissipation in the resonator is established based on the governing equations of viscous hydromechanics.The nonlinear wave equation is solved using approximate Galerkin method.The nonlinear acoustic field in four different types of shaped resonators including hyperbolical,exponential,conical and sinusoidal are obtained and compared with that of a cylindrical resonator.It is found that the amplitude and waveform of the pressure are strongly affected by the resonator shape,the driving amplitude and the oscillation frequency of the piston.Waveform distortion,resonance frequency shift and hysteresis are observed,when the piston oscillation amplitude is large enough.The advantages of shaped resonator for thermoacoustic engine lie in inhibition of higher order harmonics and improvement of pressure ratio,etc.     

谐振管形状对热声发动机内非线性声场的影响

研究了谐振管一端受活塞声源激励,另一端刚性封闭条件下,管道形状对热声发动机谐振管内部非线性声场的影响。基于流体力学基本方程建立了渐变截面谐振管内一维非线性声场的模型,考虑了黏性耗散及非线性效应的影响。利用伽辽金法数值求解了该模型的速度势方程,分析了谐振管形状、活塞振动速度及激励频率对管内声场的影响。将双曲形、指数形、锥形、正弦形等四种变截面谐振管内的非线性声场与圆柱形直管的情况进行了比较。结果反映了谐振管内声场的压力波动受活塞振动速度及谐振管形状的影响;显示了当活塞振动幅度较大时,谐振管内出现的波形畸变、频率曲线偏移、共振频率滞后等非线性现象;揭示了变截面谐振管在抑制管内的高阶谐波及提高压比等方面的优越性。     

热声发动机接入声学放大器的模拟研究

对带声学放大器的驻波型热声发动机进行了数值模拟。得出了系统频率、压比等参数随声学放大器尺寸的变化关系。     

高频热声驻波发动机性能的实验研究

热声驻波发动机由于内禀的不可逆性而热效率较低,但其系统结构简单和可靠性高的优点使其仍具有一定的应用前景。目前,对高频驻波系统研究较少,搭建了一台高频热声驻波发动机,研究了板叠和谐振管对系统的重要作用,另外,初步探讨了系统热腔内的温度演化过程和稳定振荡时的温度分布特性,这对高频热声驻波发动机实验和数值研究具有指导意义。     

容腔调相的单级行波热声发动机起振特性

将容腔结构引入单级环路行波热声发动机系统中进行相位调节,分析了不同容腔位置、容腔内径和容腔长度时系统的起振特性。基于线性热声理论,采用网格传输矩阵数值方法求解系统的起振频率和起振温差;此外,将计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,验证了计算方法的合理性。结果表明:容腔结构可以明显改善系统的起振特性,系统起振温差大幅下降;不同容腔位置处,热机起振特性差异明显;存在最优的容腔内径和容腔长度组合,使得起振温差最低,而容腔尺寸对热机起振频率的影响较小。     

基于DeltaE的驻波型热声发动机设计方法

在消化和吸收目前普遍接受的热声系统计算软件DeltaE(Design Environment for Low Amplitude Thermoacoustic Engines)的基础上,发展了驻波型热声发动机的结构设计方法;提出引入双参数评估法对发动机性能进行评估,以获取较高的热声转化效率。     

79.7 K驻波型热声驱动脉管制冷机

根据声学原理,把一根大约四分之一波长长度的管子接到一台驻波型热声发动机和一个脉管制冷机之间,能把制冷机入口的压比和压力振幅放大,使脉管制冷机的最低制冷温度降到79.7 K。     

Influence of resonance tube geometry shape on performance of thermoacoustic engine

Based on the linear thermoacoustics, a symmetrical standing-wave thermoacoustic engine is simulated with a cylindrical tube and a tapered one as the resonance tube, respectively. The experiments with both cylindrical and tapered tubes are carried out. The suppression of nonlinear effects due to tapered tube as the resonance tube is discussed. Both simulation and experimental results show that the performance of the tapered tube is better than cylindrical one as the resonance tube.     

微型热驱动热声热机热端换热器的优化设计

该文基于热声环境,采用厘米级扁管和deltaE数值计算对微型热声换热器进行了优化设计。     

变温热源环路热声发动机系统的阻抗匹配

基于串联型环路三级热声发动机系统,使用SAGE软件从系统与外接负载阻抗匹配的角度进行了模拟计算。分析发现:变温条件下系统内部声场中声功、压力波动和体积流率会分层分布但变化趋势相同,同时阻抗的沿程分布几乎不受影响,结构相同的各级热声发动机可匹配的最佳外接负载阻抗分布区域相近。在此基础上,进一步确定3. 0E7 Pa·s/m~3@60°为各工况下外接负载的优选值。结果表明:当外接负载阻抗都设定为优选阻抗值时,整机系统在变温条件下可同时实现较高的声功输出、热声转换效率和相对卡诺效率。