Presynaptic action of neurotensin on dopamine release through inhibition of D2 receptor function

Background

Statistical learning is a candidate for one of the basic prerequisites underlying the expeditious acquisition of spoken language. Infants from 8 months of age exhibit this form of learning to segment fluent speech into distinct words. To test the statistical learning skills at birth, we recorded event-related brain responses of sleeping neonates while they were listening to a stream of syllables containing statistical cues to word boundaries.

Results

We found evidence that sleeping neonates are able to automatically extract statistical properties of the speech input and thus detect the word boundaries in a continuous stream of syllables containing no morphological cues. Syllable-specific event-related brain responses found in two separate studies demonstrated that the neonatal brain treated the syllables differently according to their position within pseudowords.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that neonates can efficiently learn transitional probabilities or frequencies of co-occurrence between different syllables, enabling them to detect word boundaries and in this way isolate single words out of fluent natural speech. The ability to adopt statistical structures from speech may play a fundamental role as one of the earliest prerequisites of language acquisition.     

Analysis of the CIA spectra of the first overtone band of D2 in D2-N2

Enhancement spectra of the collision-induced absorption (CIA) in the first overtone region 5000-7000 cm⁻¹ of D₂ in D₂-N₂ were studied at 298 K for a base density of D₂ of 73 amagat and for partial densities of N₂ in the range 150-370 amagat. The observed spectra were modeled with a total of 1176 components of double vibrational transitions. Binary and ternary absorption coefficients were determined from the integrated absorption of the band. Profile analysis of the spectra was carried out using the Birnbaum-Cohen line-shape function for the individual components of the band, and characteristic line-shape parameters were determined from the analysis. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental and calculated spectral profiles.     

Photoelectron angular distributions from H2 and D2

The photoelectron asymmetry parameters of H₂ and D₂ have been measured using synchrotron radiation over the photon energy range 19–27 eV. The results are compared with previous measurements and several theoretical calculations. A few of the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with experiment, but most of them predict asymmetries which are too large. Essentially identical β values were measured for H₂ and D₂. This result is discussed in terms of differences which could arise due to vibrational and rotational structure.     

十一甲川和五甲川染料的吸收和弛豫时间

本文报道了用于掺钕激光材料锁模的中国快速可饱和吸收染料D₁(十一甲川)和D₂(五甲川)的吸收和弛豫时间的测量结果。 关键词：     

Analysis of ν2 of D2S

The infrared spectrum of ν₂ of D₂S was recorded from 740 to 1100 cm^?1 on the University of Denver 50-cm FTIR spectrometer system. We have assigned 655 transitions from D₂³²S and 129 from D₂³⁴S, and have analyzed them using Watson's A-reduced Hamiltonian evaluated in the I^r representation. We used the recently published D₂³²S and D₂³⁴S ground state Hamiltonian constants [C. Camy-Peyret, J. M. Flaud, L. Lechuga-Fossat and J. W. C. Johns, J. Mol. Spectrosc.109, 300–333 (1985)]. Upper state Hamiltonian constants were obtained from a fit of the ν₂ transitions, keeping the ground state constants fixed while varying the upper state constants. The standard deviation of the D₂³²S ν₂ fit is 0.0025 cm^?1. The standard deviation of the D₂³⁴S ν₂ fit is 0.0041 cm^?1.     

Mass spectroscopy of HCN-laser plasmas with H2 and D2

Mass spectroscopic studies reveal the role of H₂ in HCN-laser plasma. This is confirmed by laser experiments with different gas mixtures containing H₂ and D₂.     

Intensity dependent polarization change in the D1 and D2 resonance lines of sodium

Intensity dependent polarization change and rotation of elliptically polarized light are observed and analyzed in the D₁ and D₂ resonance lines of sodium. The characteristics of these effects in terms of the difference between self- and cross- saturation coefficients are discussed for transitions with arbitrary values of total angular momentum J.     

Generation of UV laser light by stimulated Raman scattering in D2, D2/Ar and D2/He using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355nm

A pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355nm is used to pump Raman cell filled with D_2, D_2/Ar and D_2/He. With adequately adjusted parameters, the maximum photon conversion efficiency of the first-order Stokes light (S_1, 396.796nm) reaches 33.33% in D_2/Ar and the stability of S_1 in pure D_2 is fairly high, the energy drift being less than 10% when the pump energy drifts in the range of 5%. The conversion efficiency and stability, which are functions of the composition and pressure of the Raman medium and the energy of pump laser, are investigated. The result has been used to optimize the laser transmitter system for a differential absorption lidar system to measure NO_2 concentration profiles.     

Theoretical study of stereodynamics for the N+H2/D2/T2 reactions

The effects of isotopic variants on stereodynamic properties for the title reactions have been investigated using a quasi-classical trajectory method based on the first excited state NH2（I^2A＇） potential energy surface [Li Y Q and Varandas A J C 2010 J. Phys. Chem. A 114 9644]. The forward–backward symmetry scattering of the differential cross section can be observed, which demonstrates that all these reactions follow the insertion mechanism. Three angle distribution functions P（θr）, P（φr）, and P（θr, φr） with different collision energies and target molecules H2/D2/T2 are calculated. It is shown that the product rotational angular momentum is not only aligned, but also oriented along the direction perpendicular to the scattering plane. The title reaction is mainly governed by the ＂in-plane＂ mechanism through the calculated distribution function P（θr, φr）. The observable influences on the rotational polarization of the product by the isotopic substitution of H/D/T can be demonstrated.     

The fundamental band ν2 of D2CO

The ν₂ band of D₂¹³CO in the region of 1570-1760 cm⁻¹ has been analyzed with high accuracy. The limits of the quantum numbers J and K_a are 50 and 16, respectively. The number of the assigned transitions is 3858. A local anharmonic resonance ν₂/2ν₄ at K_a =  8-12 was observed. The Watson’s A-reduced Hamiltonian and anharmonic resonance term were fitted to the observed transitions. The fit resulted in the band center and rotational parameters of the ν₂ band as well as the effective parameters for the 2ν₄ band and anharmonic resonance parameter. The rms deviation of the transitions in the ν₂ band was 0.000364 cm⁻¹.     

Oxygen atom-induced D2 and D2O desorption on D/Si(1 1 1) surfaces

We studied reaction of oxygen atoms with D-terminated Si(1 1 1) surfaces from a desorption point of view. As the D (1 ML)/Si(1 1 1) surface was exposed to O atoms D₂ and D₂O molecules were found to desorb from the surface. The desorption kinetics of D₂ and D₂O molecules exhibited a feature characterized with a quick rate jump at the very beginning of O exposure, which was followed by a gradual increase with a delayed maximum and then by an exponential decrease. The O-induced D₂ desorption spectra as a function of T_s appeared to be very similar to the H-induced D₂ desorption spectrum from the D/Si(1 1 1) surfaces. Possible mechanisms for the O-induced desorption reactions were discussed.     

Interaction of PH3 coadsorbed with H2, D2, O2 and H2O on Rh(100)

The coadsorption of PH₃ with H₂, D₂, O₂ and H₂O on Rh(100) has been studied using temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The adsorption and molecular desorption of PH₃ is not affected by preadsorbed H₂, D₂ and O₂. Preadsorbed PH₃ blocks H₂ desorption sites while postdosed PH₃ displaces H₂ (D₂₁) from the Rh(100). When D₂ and PH₃ are coadsorbed, no D appears in desorbed phosphine. Preadsorbed O₂ reduces the amount of H₂ desorption (from PH₃ decomposition) and increases the H₂ desorption temperature. There is also some reaction between O(a) and H(a) to form water. Preexposure to H₂O decreases the extent of PH₃ adsorption and of PH₃ decomposition.     

Erosion of solid D2 by 2 keV electrons

The erosion/sputtering of D₂ films on an Au-substrate by 2 keV electrons is roughly inversely proportional to film thicknesses below ≈650 Å. The erosion yield decreases from 200 atoms/electron at 25 Å to 7.8 ± 0.5 for “bulk” targets. The thickness dependent region is apparently unrelated to the penetration depth of the electrons.     

Infrared-induced temperature distributions of solid D2 ices

A specific-wavelength infrared (IR) light (λ=3140 nm) was irradiated into a solid D₂ ice prepared in a cylinder target cell. The temperature in the solid D₂ ice oscillated periodically with a high amplitude when irradiated by the IR light. The temperature oscillation has been well explained based on the two-dimensional heat transfer theory plus the IR-irradiation effect. The transmission optical imaging reveals that such a temperature oscillation is favorable to recrystallize the solid D₂ ice from multicrystal to quasi single crystal. This suggests an efficient method to layer the solid hydrogen-isotope ice for the inertial-confinement-fusion (ICF) experiments.     

不同能量的氦原子与同位素分子H2(D2，T2)碰撞分波截面的理论计算

用Tang-Toennies势模型和密耦近似方法计算了不同能量下惰性气体原子He与H₂及其同位素D₂，T₂替代碰撞体系的振转激发碰撞截面. 通过分析He-H₂(D₂，T₂)各碰撞体系分波截面的差异，总结出在H₂分子的对称同位素替代情形下He-H₂(D₂，T₂)碰撞体系分波截面随量子数和体系     

不同能量的氦原子与同位素分子H2(D2，T2)碰撞分波截面的理论计算

用Tang-Toennies势模型和密耦近似方法计算了不同能量下惰性气体原子He与H₂及其同位素D₂,T₂替代碰撞体系的振转激发碰撞截面. 通过分析He-H₂(D₂,T₂)各碰撞体系分波截面的差异,总结出在H₂分子的对称同位素替代情形下He-H₂(D₂,T₂)碰撞体系分波截面随量子数和体系 关键词： 散射截面 密耦方法 同位素     

Collision-induced fluorescence in D2:Ar mixtures

The collision-induced fluorescence from vibrationally excited D₂ in high-pressure mixtures of D₂ and Ar has been investigated. Fluorescence intensity and vibrational lifetime have been measured as a function of total gas density and mixture ratio.     

Lyman transitions of high rovibrationally excited H2, HD and D2 molecules

Energies and probabilities of Lyman transitions of high rovibrationally excited H₂, HD and D₂ molecules have been measured and compared with calculations. The experimental results are obtained from laser-induced fluorescence spectra that have been recorded in the spectral range from 60 500 to 83 500 cm⁻¹, covering 2/3 of the hydrogen Lyman band system. The necessary vacuum-UV radiation is produced by stimulated anti-Stokes Raman scattering, providing a widely tunable radiation source with narrow spectral bandwidth to resolve single Lyman transitions. The highest internal energies of detected hydrogen isotopologues are close to the dissociation limit. This extends the available data base of Lyman transitions from and to higher rotational states (J > 10) of HD and D₂.