Synthesis of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines through ring expansion of thiiranes

Synthesis of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines has been achieved via reactions of thiiranes and α-diazo-β-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under microwave and copper sulfate-assisted conditions. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-1,4-oxathiines from readily available thiiranes and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes. The reaction mechanism was also proposed.     

Electron impact induced fragmentation of dihydro-1,4-dithiines. 2,3-Substituted 5,6-dihydro-l,4-dithiines

In the electron impact induced fragmentation of 2,3-disubstituted 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiines, the most important cleavage of the heterocyclic ring occurs via the retro-Diels-Alder type of reaction. The further fragmentation of the resulting radical cation gives rise to substitutes thiocarbonyl cations. This fragmentation favours formations of ions in which the electron-deficient carbon-sulphur triple bond is stabilized by an electron-releasing group. The ring fragmentation was observed to be dependent on the nature of the 3- and 2-substituents of the ring when a series of 3- and 2-substituted 5,6-dihydro-l,4-dithiines was investigated. The fragmentation of dihydro-l,4-dithiines partly resembles the fragmentation of the corresponding dihydro-l,4-oxathiines. The presence of the two sulphur atoms in dihydro-l,4-dithiines give rise to more stable molecular ions than observed in the case of the dihydro-1,4-oxathiine analogues. Fragmentations of dihydro-l,4-dithiines can also involve extrusions of alkylradicals or HS-radical from the heterocyclic rings of molecular ions.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Reaction of dichlorocarbene with 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-oxathiin and 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin

Dichlorocarbene, generated from ethyl trichloroacetate and sodium ethoxide, reacts with 2,3-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiin to give 7,7-dichloro-1,6-dimethyl-2-oxa-5-thiabicyclo[4,1,0]heptane, and with 2,3-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiin to give 6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-7-methyl 5-methylene-5(H)-1,4-dithiepin. Both products were oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.     

Synthesen von Heterocyclen, 70. Mitt.: Über Oxathiine0(1,4)

Zusammenfassung Neben einigen Vertretern der Dicarbostyrilooxathiine werden hochkondensierte Oxathiine-(1,4) aus 4,10-Malonylphenothiazin, 1,9-Malonyl-carbazol bzw. aus Malonyl-2-aminobenzoxazol und-2-aminobenzthiazol synthetisiert.

---

The syntheses of 1,4-oxathiines from substituted 4-hydroxy-carbostyrils is described. Polycyclic 1,4-oxathiines have been obtained from 4,10-malonyl-phenothiazine, 1,9-malonylcarbazole, malonyl-2-aminobenzoxazole, and-2-amino-benzthiazole.

---

---

H. D. Hanus, Dissertation, Univ. Graz, Sept. 1963.     

Pyirolothieno[1,4]diazepines. Part IV. First synthesis of pyrrolo-[1,2-a]thieno[2,3-f][1,4]diazepine Derivatives

Treatment of 3-(2-formyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide by various nucleophiles like methyl ketones, amines, alcohols, thiols or acetates led to new 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]thieno-[2,3-f][1,4]diazepines.     

Synthesis and Properties of 1,3-Diaryl-5,6-dihydro-8H-imidazo[2,1-c]-1,4-oxazinium Bromides

It has been established that the condensation of 3-(4-methoxyphenylamino)-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazine with substituted phenacyl bromides occurs at the exocyclic nitrogen atom with formation of 3-aryl-3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,5,6,8-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo[2,1-c]-1,4-oxazinium bromides. By treatment of the latter with acetic anhydride 3-aryl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-8H-imidazo[2,1-c]-1,4-oxazinium bromides are formed. The structures of the compounds synthesized were determined via ¹H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.     

Unexpected products via singlet oxygen oxygenation of functionalized 5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiins

[formula: see text] Single oxygen oxygenation of 5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiins substituted at C-3 with an electron-withdrawing group leads stereoselectively to ketosulfoxides 5 and 6, instead of the expected dicarbonyl compounds 3. A mechanism involving an unprecedented intramolecular rearrangement of the corresponding dioxetanes 2 is proposed.     

Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. XLVI. Photochemistry of nitrones and oxaziridines

The cyclic nitrones 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 4-oxide ( 5a ) and 1,3-dihydro-7-methylthio-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 4-oxide ( 5b ) are photoisomerized to readily isolable oxaziridines, 7-chloro-4,5-epoxy-5-phenyl-1,3,4–5-tetrahydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ( 6a ) and 4,5-epoxy-5-phenyl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7-methylthio-2H-1,4-benzo-diazepin-2-one ( 6b ). Oxaziridine 6b upon further irradiation gave ring expansion and ring contraction products, 4,6-dihydro-2-phenyl-9-methylthio-5H-1,3,6-benzoxadiazocin-5-one ( 7b ) and 4-benzoyl-3,4-dihydro-6-methylthioquinoxalin-2(1H)-one ( 8b ) respectively. The ring contraction product, 4-benzoyl-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one ( 8a ), was obtained from irradiation of oxaziridine 6a .     

Polycondensed nitrogen heterocycles. VII. 5,6-Dihydro-7-h-pyrrolo[1,2-D]-[1,4] benzodiazepin-6-ones. A novel series of annelatcd 1,4-benzodiazepines

The synthesis of a novel class of annelated 1,4-benzodiazepinen, the 2-R-3 methyl-5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-ones (Ve-e), is described. The reaction of 2-(o-aminophenyl)-3-R-5-methylpyrroles(IIIa,b) with bromoacetyl bromide in the presence of triethylamine produced the title compounds. An alternative synthetic route was achieved by means of the reactions of 1a,b with the appropriated α-aminoacids. The catalytic reduction of IVe-e over 10% palladium on charcoal led in good to excellent yields directly to the formation of pyrrolo[1,2-d]-[1,4]benzodiazepines (Ve-e).     

Synthesis and structural assignment of 5,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-9-methoxy-1H,7H-benzo[ij] quinolizine-1,7-dione

The compound 5,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-9-methoxy-1H,7H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-1,7-dione ( 4a ) was synthesized from 3-(1,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-1-quinolyl)propionic acid ( 3a , free base), involving spontaneous demethylation with ring closure. The structural assignment of 4a was based on an analogous, unequivocal synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-9-ethoxy-8-hydroxy-1H,7H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-1,7-dione hydrochloride ( 4b ).     

Electron ionization mass spectrometric study of 1,4-dihydro-4-substituted 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis(alkoxycarbonyl)pyridines

Using the accurate masses obtained from a time-of-flight instrument and the tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) data from an ion trap instrument, electron ionization mass spectra of a series of 1,4-dihydro-4-substituted 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-bis(alkoxycarbonyl)pyridines are reported and rationalized. Two sets of fragmentation pathways are proposed. One involves the formation of fragment ions containing the 1,4-dihydropyridine structure, and the other of ions containing a pyridine ring.     

5,6-Dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,4-diacetic acid diethyl ester,an useful synthon for the synthesis of new polycyclic nitrogen systems of pharmacological interest

This report describes the synthesis of derivatives of two nitrogen tetracyclic ring systems, respectively 9H,11H-pyrimido[4,3-c]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine and spiro[piperidine-4,4′-[4H]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]-benzodiazepine], by the use of the diethyl ester of 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,4-diacetic acid as a synthon. This compound was obtained by condensation of 1-(2-aminomethylphenyl)-1H-pyrrole with diethyl 1,3-acetonedicarboxylate in acid medium. Pyrimidopyrrolobenzodiazepine derivatives were obtained by treating either the pyrrolobenzodiazepine 4,4-diacetate or the related 4-methyl-4-acetate with phenylisocyanate in boiling diethyl ether in the presence of sodium metal. The structure of 12,13-dihydro-11,13-dioxo-12-phenyl-9H,11H-pyrimido[4,3-c]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine, a product formed by loss of an acetate unit when 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,4-diacetate, sodium metal and phenyl-isocyanate reacted in boiling xylene, was proved by catalytic reduction to 11,13-dioxo-12-phenyl-12,13,14,14a-tetrahydro-9H,11H-pyrimido[4,3-c]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine, which was synthesized by unambiguous pathway via 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-4-acetate. The 2,6-dioxospiro[piperidine-4,4′-[4H]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine] derivatives were synthesized from the N-BOC derivative of 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,4-diacetic acid diethyl ester, by hydrolysis followed by treatment with 2 equivalents of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and then with aniline or benzylamine. Removal of BOC from the N-phenyl-2,6-dioxopiperidine derivative was obtained by heating the related spiroderivative in toluene in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid. Similar reaction failed when the N-benzyl-2,6-dioxopiperidine analog was used as substrate.     

Syntheses of Examples of the 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5,1-ij]quinoline, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]benzodiazepine,and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5,1-kl][1]benzazocine ring systems

Lithiation of 1-vinylbenzotriazole 9 with n-BuLi (2 equiv) generates dianion 10, which upon subsequent reaction with 1,2- and 1,4-diketones affords 14 and 13, representatives of the 5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5,1-ij]quinoline 1 and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5,1-kl][1]benzazocine 2 ring systems, respectively. Reactions of dianion 10 with isocyanates give 15a,b, which contain the 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]benzodiazepine 3 ring system.     

New insight into the reaction of singlet oxygen with sulfur-containing cyclic alkenes: dye-sensitized photooxygenation of 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiins

The reaction of 3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiins with singlet oxygen affords dicarbonyl compounds and/or ring-contracted ketosulfoxides, the latter regio- and stereoselectively, depending on the nature of the substituent at C-2 and on the reaction conditions. In competition with normal fragmentation, the intermediate dioxetanes, derived from [2 + 2] cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to the double bond, undergo an intramolecular oxygen transfer to the sulfur-1 atom, leading to labile epoxide intermediates. The latter convert to cis- and trans-ketosulfoxides through a non-concerted S-4 migration. This pathway is promoted by the electron-withdrawing group at C-2 and, for monosubstituted amide, by the solvent basicity. S-Oxidation of dithiins is insignificant, except for the monosubstituted amide derivative or in the presence of protic species, and occurs selectively at the S-1 atom.     

A facile stereospecific synthesis of chiral β-keto sulfoxides

A synthetic strategy has been devised for the preparation of chiral β-keto sulfoxides (actually, α-vinylsulfinyl ketones) starting from the readily available C-6 substituted 2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines. The procedure, which is characterized by high yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses, represents an improvement in preparation methods for chiral β-keto sulfoxides.     

Molecular level model for the agonist/antagonist selectivity of the 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel receptor

Summary Crystal structures of the 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) calcium channel activators Bay K 8643 [methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate], Bay O 8495 [methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate], and Bay O 9507 [methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate] were determined. The conformations of the 1,4-DHP rings of these activator analogues of Bay K 8644 [methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridine-5- carboxylate] do not suggest that their activator properties are as strongly correlated with the degree of 1,4-DHP ring flattening as was indicated for members of the corresponding antagonist series. The solid state hydrogen bonding of the N(1)-H groups of the activators is not, unlike that of their antagonist counterparts, to acceptors that are directly in line with the donor. Rather, acceptor groups are positioned within ± 60 degrees of the N(1)-H bond in the vertical plane of the 1,4-DHP ring. Previously determined structure-activity relationships have indicated the importance of this N(1)-H group to the activity of the 1,4-DHP antagonists. Based on these observations, a model is advanced to describe the 1,4-DHP binding site of the voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel and its ability to accommodate both antagonist and activator ligands.     

Synthesis of tricyclic and tetracyclic thieno[3,2-f]-1,4-thiazepines

Treatment of 5-methylthio-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,2-f]-1,4-thiazepine ( 9 ) with acylhydrazines gave 5,6-dihydrothieno[3,2-f]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazepines 10, 11 , and that of 9 with ethyl anthranilate gave 5,6-dihydrothieno[3′,2′:6,7][1,4]thiazepino[5,4-b]quinazolin-8-one ( 14 ). Reaction of 9 with hydrazine hydrate or 4-chlorophenylhydrazine afforded 5-hydrazino compounds 12, 15 , which were subsequently cyclized to ethyl 5,6-dihydrothieno[3,2-f]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazepine-3-carboxylate ( 13 ), 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydrothieno[3,2-f]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazepin-3(2H)-one ( 16 ) and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6,7-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazino[4,3-d][1,4]thiazepine-3,4-dione ( 17 ). New thieno-anellated heterocycles were prepared with the aim of studying their affinity for the benzodiazepine receptors.     

Studies on quinoline derivatives and related compounds. III. A novel pyridine synthesis to give substituted 1,4-dihydro-4-oxonicotinic acids

A variety of 5-mono- and 5,6-disubstituted 1,4-dihydro-4-oxonicotinates were prepared by a novel pyridine synthesis which involves thermal cyclisation of enaminomethylenemalonates 9. The intermediates 9 were readily prepared through a few steps from commercially available starting materials.     

Chemistry of Ethanediyl S,S-Acetals. VII. A Stereoselective Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols with cis-Configurated Double Bond

A new high yielding coupling reaction of C-2 monosubstituted 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiins with aldehydes is reported. In this way allylic alcohols having the cis-substituted double bond tied up by a sulfur-containing ring can be readily prepared. Subsequent stereoselective sulfur removal then affords allylic alcohols with cis-configurated double bond.