Response of Charged Particles in a Storage Ring to Gravitational Waves

The influence of gravitational waves on the charged particles in a storage ring is studied. It shows that the gravitational waves might be directly detected by monitoring the motion of charged particles in a storage ring. The angular velocity of the charged particles is continually adjustable by changing the initial energy of particles and the strength of the magnetic field. This feature is very useful for finding the gravitational waves with different frequencies.     

Response of Charged Particles in a Storage Ring to Gravitational Waves

The influence of gravitational waves on the charged particles in a storage ring is studied. It shows thatthe gravitational waves might be directly detected by monitoring the motion of charged particles in a storage ring. Theangular velocity of the charged particles is continually adjustable by changing the initial energy of particles and thestrength of the magnetic field. This feature is very useful for finding the gravitational waves with different frequencies.     

New Effect for Detecting Gravitational Waves by Amplification with Electromagnetic Radiation

The perturbation of Dirac particles moving in a constant magnetic field is calculated for simultaneously incident parallel monochromatic circular polarized electromagnetic and gravitational waves. Resonances are found which depend on the initial energy of the charged particles, the magnetic field, and the frequencies of the incident waves. A suited choice of these parameters allows the selection of only one resonance that is proportional to the product of the squares of the amplitudes of both waves. This effect is valid for all bound systems of Dirac particles interacting simultaneously with electromagnetic and gravitational waves. At least in principle this resonance effect can be used to detect the gravitational waves in the lab. For regions of the universe with strong electromagnetic and gravitational waves and suited magnetic fields this effect may play another important part for the acceleration of charged particles.     

Effect of trapped particles in the beat of two waves on the wave dynamics

The effect of trapped particles in the beat of two electrostatic waves on the wave dynamics is investigated. A simple analytical model is used. Changes in amplitudes and frequencies of waves and in the distribution function of particles are established. Consequences for the anomalous absorption are discussed. The possibility of the pumping of the wave energy into particles and of the phase bunching of particles appears. An application of the beat-trapping effect in the relativistic beam-plasma interaction is discussed.     

A nonlinear granular medium with particle rotation: A one-dimensional model

Equations of nonlinear acoustics are derived from the micromechanical representation of a granular medium as a system of elastically interacting particles possessing translational and rotational degrees of freedom. The structure of the equations is invariant with respect to the shape and size of the particles. The changes in the latter affect only the coefficients in the equations. The inclusion of microrotations and moment interactions of particles leads to the formation of a new type of waves in the medium—microrotational waves. Their dispersion properties are similar to those of spin waves propagating in a magnetoelastic medium. In the low-frequency approximation, the microrotational waves disappear, and the equation describing the transverse waves acquires a term with quadratic nonlinearity. The latter provides an explanation for the generation of the second shear harmonic that is observed in real solids contrary to the predictions of the nonlinear theory of elasticity, which prohibits such phenomena.     

无旋性前进重力波传递在均匀流中的Lagrangen解析解与试验验证Ⅱ.试验验证

针对文献[1]中的无旋性自由表面周期性规则前进重力波传递在均匀流中,本文以与前进波波向同向与反向的均匀流两种特例情况,进行试验测量,所得的波形曲线、流速分布、流体质点的运动轨迹与运动周期及其质量传输速率与Lagrange平均高程等特性,均与文献[1]中全以Lagrange方式所得的三阶解结果符合得很好.这证实本研究取定的标注流体质点的参数,正好为其在原静止水中的位置坐标值.同时亦证实波流场中由流体质点所构成的波形曲线,其波长皆同于(纯)前进波,而其传播速度为(纯)前进波波速与均匀流流速之和是具Doppler效应的;而流体质点的运动周期与其运动周期平均高程、及其质量传输速率扣掉均匀流流速等,都与(纯)前进波的相符.另外,亦揭示出流体质点的运动轨迹,在前进波波向与均匀流同向中,当流体质点在波谷断面处时沿前进波波向的流速分量为反向、零与正向时,则其形状分别为朝波向前进的扁长辐状余摆线、在波谷断面处成尖点朝下的滚轮状线与短辐形余摆线;而在前进波波向与均匀流反向中,当流体质点的质量传输速率为沿前进波波向为正向与零时,则其形状分别为朝波向前进的缩短的扁长辐形余摆线与长轴在前进波波向上椭圆形封闭曲线;而当流体质点的质量传输速率为反前进波波向,但质点在波峰断面处时沿前进波波向的流速分量分别为正向、零与反向时,则其形状分别为反波向前进的倒扁长辐形余摆线、在波峰断面处成尖点朝上的倒滚轮状线与倒短辐形余摆线.     

Solitary waves on a curved space-time

A nonlinear partial differential equation is derived which admits plane solitary waves on a conformally flat Riemannian space-time. The metric is determined by the amplitude of these waves. By interpreting these solitary waves as particles we arrive at the following picture: these particles are confined to regions exhibiting singular (very large) amplitudes in an otherwise continuous wavetrain. There is, thus, no distinction between the notion of a particle and that of a wave.     

Relativistic wave and particle mechanics formulated without classical mass

The fact that the concept of classical mass plays an important role in formulating relativistic theories of waves and particles is well-known. However, recent studies show that Galilean invariant theories of waves and particles can be formulated with the so-called ‘wave mass’, which replaces the classical mass and allows attaining higher accuracy of performing calculations [J.L. Fry and Z.E. Musielak, Ann. Phys. 325 (2010) 1194]. The main purpose of this paper is to generalize these results and formulate fundamental (Poincaré invariant) relativistic theories of waves and particles without the classical mass. In the presented approach, the classical mass is replaced by an invariant frequency that only involves units of time. The invariant frequencies for various elementary particles are deduced from experiments and their relationship to the corresponding classical and wave mass for each particle is described. It is shown that relativistic wave mechanics with the invariant frequency is independent of the Planck constant, and that such theory can attain higher accuracy of performing calculations. The choice of natural units resulting from the developed theories of waves and particles is also discussed.     

On the interaction of two beating electrostatic waves with plasma electrons

This paper is devoted to the study of the interaction of particles with two beating plasma waves. We follow the instructional article by Ott and Dum. According to them, the sum of wave actions during the interaction is constant, supposing the effect of trapped particles on the beat can be neglected. In the present paper, this problem is solved more generally, just for the case of trapped and also untrapped particles in the wave. Our study shows that the sum of wave actions is constant also in the case when the influence of the trapped particles on the amplitudes of two waves was considered. On the contrary this conclusion is not valid if it is supposed that two original waves are amplitude modulated e.g. by the influence of the interaction of the beat with particles. The author is deeply indebted to Dr. Ladislav Krlín for guidance and encouragement throughout the course of this work.     

Effect of the number of defect particles on the structure and dispersion relation of a two-dimensional dust lattice system

The effect of the number of defect particles on the structure and dispersion relations of a two-dimensional (2D) dust lattice is studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The dust lattice structures are characterized by particle distribution, nearest neighbor configuration and pair correlation function. The current autocorrelation function, the dispersion relation and sound speed are used to represent the wave properties. The wave propagation of the dust lattice closely relates to the lattice structure. It shows that the number of defect particles can affect the dust lattice local structure and then affect the dispersion relations of waves propagating in it. The presence of defect particles has a greater effect on the transverse waves than on the longitudinal waves of the dust lattice. The appropriate number of defect particles can weaken the anisotropy property of the lattice.     

On The “Nonresonance” Parametric Cyclotron Radiation

We study the effect of amplification of coherent bichromatic radiation due to its cyclotron parametric interaction with a modulated ensemble of classical electron oscillators. The mechanism of energy exchange between the radiation and the electrons in the absence of partial synchronism of the waves and particles is analyzed. The features of the energy exchange in the course of interaction of the waves with relativistic and nonrelativistic particles are pointed out.     

Acceleration of Mass Transfer under Dynamic Loading

Under dynamic loading, the interaction of unloading waves with each other and with the faces causes the deformation of the sample due to the formation of standing waves, at the nodes of which the localized- deformation bands arise (if the high-speed tension does not exceed the spall strength, so the material in the zone of interference of unloading waves preserves its continuity). A consequence of deformation localization is the mass transfer of atoms and the doping phase particles to nascent localized-deformation bands. The duration of stress oscillations in standing waves in the ultrasonic frequency range exceeds the duration of the initial impulse by at least two orders of magnitude, which ensures an increase in the distance traveled by atoms and dispersed particles during deformation in standing waves.     

The surfatron acceleration of cosmic rays in the galactic plasma

The optimum conditions for a prolonged holding of charged particles resonantly trapped from the galactic plasma by nonlinear waves and for the acceleration of these particles to high energies by the surfatron mechanism are established. The density of particles trapped by the plasma waves of large amplitude and by the quasitransverse magnetosonic shock waves is estimated. Various reasons leading to possible breakage of the process of surfatron acceleration of cosmic rays in the Galaxy are considered. Within the framework of the surfatron acceleration mechanism, galactic cosmic rays originate predominantly from the interstellar plasma and their energy spectrum is formed in two stages. In the first stage, some of the galactic plasma particles are accelerated from thermal energies to 10¹⁵ eV/nucleon; in the second stage, the cosmic rays may continue gaining energy up to 10¹⁹ eV/nucleon and above.     

Nonlinear adiabatic models of ion-acoustic waves in dust plasma

Nonlinear adiabatic models of ion-acoustic waves in a dust plasma are developed. The problem of the structure of subsonic periodic and supersonic solitary ion-acoustic waves is exactly solved analytically under the assumption of a constant charge of dust particles; the critical Mach numbers for the solitary wave are determined. The problem of the wave structure is solved numerically for the case when the charge of dust particles was assumed to be variable.     

Destabilization of TAE modes by particle anisotropy

Plasmas heated by ICRF produce energetic particle distribution functions which are sharply peaked in pitch-angle. At moderate toroidal mode numbers, this anisotropy is the dominant instability drive when compared with the universal instability drive due to the spatial gradient. The universal drive, acting alone, destabilizes only co-propagating waves (i.e., waves propagating in the same toroidal direction as the diamagnetic flow of the energetic particles), but stabilizes counter-propagating waves (i.e., waves propagating in the toroidal direction opposite to that of the diamagnetic flow of the energetic particles). Nonetheless, in a tokamak, it is possible that particle anisotropy can produce a larger linear growth rate for counter-propagating waves, and provide a mechanism for preferred destabilization of the counter-propagating TAE modes that are sometimes experimentally observed.     

Two-wave interaction through the same resonant particles

The possibility of mode-coupling, in a plasma, waves being in resonance with the sample particles is considered. The physical mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed, using as an example two monochromatic finite-amplitude waves: a Langmuir wave and an extraordinary wave. It is shown that the resonant electrons can be an effective channel for energy exchange between the waves.     

Nonlinear theory of ion-sound waves in a dusty electron-positron-ion plasma

A theory of ion-sound waves in a dusty electron-positron-ion plasma is developed. It is shown in the linear approximation that periodic waves exist in a bounded range of parameters. The expression for the sound velocity is derived and the dependence of the velocity on the space charge of dust particles is analyzed. In the nonlinear theory, the general exact solution is obtained, which is then analyzed using the Bernoulli pseudopotential method. Particular solutions are obtained in the form of nonlinear periodic waves, large-amplitude periodic waves (superlinear waves), and solitary compression and rarefaction waves (solitons).     

Quantum modulation of an electron beam in the field of opposite electromagnetic waves

The quantum modulation of an electron beam in the field of opposite electromagnetic waves, at a frequency equal to the difference of the wave frequencies, and its harmonics, is obtained. The depth of the modulation becomes of order one at relatively small intensities of the laser fields (including a real spreading of the beam). In the case of equal frequencies of the waves (when the Kapitza-Dirac effect occurs particles form a beam. An experiment for obtaining a modulated beam of particles at the frequencies of the laser radiation, and its harmonics, as well as for bunching of particles in the field of a standing wave is suggested.     

Laser-excited dust lattice waves in plasma crystals

Laser-excited waves in a two-dimensional dust plasma crystal have been observed experimentally in a parallel plate rf discharge. The measured dispersion relation is compared with theoretical models. Agreement is found with dust lattice waves, whereas deviations from dust acoustic waves exist. From the dispersion relation of a dust lattice wave the screening of the particles in the rf sheath is determined.