Kinetics and mechanism of the addition of trichloromethyl radicals to chloroethylenes. The addition to CIS-C2Cl2H2, trans-C2Cl2H2, and C2Cl3H

The addition reactions of CCl₃ radicals with cis-C₂Cl₂H₂, trans-C₂Cl₂H₂, and C₂Cl₃H in liquid cyclohexane–CCl₄ mixtures were studied between 323 and 448 K. The Arrhenius parameters of these reactions were competitively determined versus H-atom transfer from cyclohexane and addition to C₂Cl₄. The present data and the data obtained in previous liquid and gas phase studies show that the reactivities displayed in addition reactions of different radicals with chloroethylenes reflect primarily variations in activation energies rather than in A factors. The activation energies for the addition of CCl₃, CF₃, and CH₃ radicals to chloroethylenes appear, to a large extent, to be determinedby the stability of the adduct radicals. Comparison of the reactivity trends in the addition reactions of chloro- and fluoro-substitutedethylenes indicates that these two electron-withdrawing substituentshave a converse effect on the reactivity of electrophilic radicals. This behavior is ascribed to the strong mesomeric effect of vinylic chlorosubstituents.     

Investigation of radical reactions in C2Cl4 and C2Cl4/O2 discharges by EPR,mass, and emission spectroscopy

The reaction of tetrachloroethylene, C₂Cl₄, with O(³P) atoms as well as the plasma decomposition of C₂Cl₄ and C₂Cl₄/O₂ mixtures have been investigated by combined application of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and emission and mass spectroscopies. C₂Cl₄ plasma decomposition is shown to proceed primarily to the formation of CCl₃ radicals and chlorine-deficient products, which are ultimately involved in the formation of carbonaceous layers. A simple reaction model accounts for all the detected stable and radical species, encountered during the plasma decomposition. The model also enables order-of-magnitude estimates of decomposition rate constants to be made. The suppression of the formation of both carbonaceous layers and products C_mCl_n (m3) in C₂Cl₄/O₂ discharges is explained using results of an investigation of elementary reactions in the system C₂Cl₄/O(³P)/O₂. The stable products of C₂Cl₄/O₂ discharges, i.e., COCl₂, CCl₄, and C₂Cl₆, respectively, are shown to originate from recombination of the peroxy radicals CCl₃OO and C₂Cl₅OO.     

Chlorination of charged buckyballs: reactions of C60x+ cations (x = 1–3) with Cl2, CCl4, CDCl3, CH2Cl2, and CH3Cl

The chlorination of singly and multiply charged C₆₀ cations has been investigated with the selected-ion flow tube technique. Observations are reported for the reactions of C₆₀^·+, C₆₀²⁺ and C₆₀^·3+ with Cl₂, CCl₄, CDCl₃, CH₂Cl₂ and CH₃Cl at room temperature (295 ± 2 K) in helium at a total pressure of 0.35 ± 0.02 Torr. C₆₀^·+ and C₆₀²⁺ were observed not to chlorinate, or react in any other way, with these five molecules. Chlorine also did not react with C₆₀^·3+, but bimolecular chloride transfer and electron transfer reactions, reactions that result in charge reduction/charge separation, were observed to occur with CCl₄, CDCl₃, CH₂Cl₂ and CH₃Cl. Chloride transfer was the predominant channel seen with CCl₄, CDCl₃ and CH₂Cl₂ while electron transfer dominates the reaction with CH₃Cl. These results are consistent with trends in chloride affinity and ionization energy. The reluctant chlorination of the first two charge states of C₆₀ is attributed to the energy required to distort the carbon cage upon bond formation, while the observed chloride transfer to C₆₀^·3+ is attributed to the greater electrostatic interactions with this ion.     

Reaktionen von elementarem Schwefel mit halogenierten Methanen

Reactions of elemental Sulfur with Halogenated Methanes At 250°C a reaction between CCl₄ and sulfur forms S₂Cl₂ and CS₂ (besides small amounts of S₃Cl₂ and S₄Cl₂). CHCl₃ and sulfur above 200°C under catalytic influence of AlCl₃ are forming HCl, S₂Cl₂, and CS₂; CH₂Cl₂ and sulfur also are reacting (with AlCl₃ or AI as catalyst) to CS₂ and HCl. Only at 345°C one gets,CS₂, HCl, and H₂S from CH₃Cl and sulfur. At 160°C forms HBR,BR₂, and CS₂. Aluminium is necessary for the reaction of CH₂Br₂ at 250°C with sulfur, forming CS₂ and HBr. A mixture of products (CS₂,H₂S, HBr, CH₃SCH₃, and (CH₃)₃SBr) results from CH₃ Br and sulfur at 250°C. CH₃I and sulfur produce CS₂,I₂, and H₂S at 145°C. The same products are formed from CH₂I₂ and sulfur with aluminium as catalyst at 175°C.     

Investigation of radiochemical conversions in extraction systems based on tributyl phosphate

The use of halogenated organic compounds under the effect of ionizing radiation requires a comprehensive knowledge of their radiation stability. There is little experimental evidence on the radiolysis of fluorine-containing organic compounds in the literature, while a theoretical generalization enabling one to predict the main radiolysis pathways is completely lacking. This paper is concerned with the identification of stable radiolysis products of trichloromethyl-1,1,2-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethyl ether (C₃F₃Cl₅ O), γ-irradiated separately and the extraction system based on tributyl phosphate. Practically all the C₃F₃Cl₅O radiolysis products were identified with the aid of gas-liquid chromatography, GC-MS, IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Upon C₃F₃Cl₅O radiolysis, the formation of CCl₄, Cl₂, COCl₂, C₂ Cl₆, freons of various composition and long-chained ethers like CFCl₂−CF₂−O−CCl₂−CCl₃ takes place. The identification of radiolysis products allows to draw well-founded conclusions on the mechanism of C₃F₃Cl₅O radiolysis, representing a wide class of chlorine- and fluorine-containing organic compounds.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the pyrolysis of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane in the presence of additives

The thermal dehydrochlorination CF₂ClCH₃→CF₂(DOUBLEBOND)CH₂+HCl has been studied in a static system between 597 and 664 K in the presence of CCl₄, C₂Cl₆, CF₂(DOUBLEBOND)CH₂, HCl, and CF₃CH₃. A kinetic radical and molecular reaction model has been developed. In addition to describing earlier results on the acceleration of the pyrolysis by CCl₄ and the further acceleration by HCl, this model describes quantitatively up to conversions of 20% (i) the dependence of the catalytic effect of CCl₄ at low concentrations, (ii) the stronger catalytic effect of C₂Cl₆, and (iii) the inhibitory effect of added CF₂CH₂ and CF₃CH₃ when CCl₄ is used as a catalyst. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 30: 359–366, 1998     

The vertical distribution of halocarbons in the stratosphere

Summary By means of cryogenic sampling and subsequent gas-chromatographic analysis vertical profiles of CCl₄, CCl₃F, CCl₂F₂, CClF₃, CF₄, C₂Cl₃F₃, C₂Cl₂F₄, C₂ClF₅, C₂F₆, CH₃Cl and CH₃CCl₃ were derived for stratospheric heights up to 35 km. Vertical profiles of halocarbons computed by means of one-dimensional and two-dimensional models fall off less rapidly in the stratosphere than the measured profiles, this systematic discrepancy being due to deficiencies in the radiation and transport schemes of present models. It is shown that measured profiles of fully halogenated hydrocarbons provide a tool for systematically studying these deficiencies and thus improving the models. Sources and sinks of halocarbons are discussed, and an assessment of past and future sources of organically bound chlorine in the atmosphere is made.

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Die vertikale Verteilung halogenierter Kohlenwasserstoffe in der stratosphäre

Zusammenfassung Die vertikalen Profile von CCl₄, CCl₃F, CCl₂F₂, CClF₃, CF₄, C₂Cl₃F₃, C₂Cl₂F₄, C₂ClF₅, C₂F₆, CH₃Cl und CH₃CCl₃ wurden für stratosphärische Höhen bis zu 35 km mit Hilfe kryogener Probenahme und anschließender gas-chromatographischer Analyse bestimmt. Die mit Hilfe von ein- und zweidimensionalen Modellen berechneten Profile fallen in der Stratosphäre weniger schnell ab als die gemessenen. Dieser systematische Unterschied ist auf Mängel in den Strahlungs- und Transportmechanismen der gegenwärtigen Modelle zurückzuführen. Es wird gezeigt, daß die gemessenen Profile der vollhalogenisierten Kohlenwasserstoffe dazu dienen können, diese Mängel zu untersuchen und die Modelle zu verbessern. Ursprung und Verbleib der halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffe werden beschrieben und vergangene und zukünftige Quellen organisch gebundenen Chlors in der Atmosphäre diskutiert.

     

Dichloracetylen als stabiler Komplexligand Die Kristallstruktur von PPh4[WCl5(C2Cl2)] · 0,5 CCl4

Dichloro Acetylene as Complex Ligand. Crystal Structure of PPh₄[WCl₅(C₂Cl₂)] · 0.5 CCl₄ Tungsten hexachloride and dichloro acetylenediethyletherate react in boiling CCl₄ in presence of C₂Cl₄ as reducing agent forming [Et₂O · WCl₄(C₂Cl₂)]. In vacuo the complex looses ether giving the dichloro acetylene complex [WCl₄(C₂Cl₂)]₂ which is dimeric with chloro bridges. Both complexes react with tetraphenylphosphonium chloride to form PPh₄[WCl₅(C₂Cl₂)] which is equally prepared by ligand exchange of PPh₄[WCl₅(C₂I₂)] with silver chloride. All dichloro acetylene complexes are red to brown crystalline solids sensitive to moisture, and are thermally and mechanically very stable compared with the highly explosive dichloro acetylene. The compounds are characterized by their i.r. spectra; [Et₂O · WCl₄(C₂Cl₂)] was additionally investigated by ¹³C-nmr spectroscopy. PPh₄[WCl₅(C₂Cl₂)] · 0.5 CCl₄ formes dark brown crystals; according to the structural investigation by X-ray diffraction methods the compound crystallizes orthorhombic in the space group Pbca with 8 formula units per unit cell (1317 observed, independent reflexions, R = 0.049). The cell dimensions are a = 1702 pm, b = 1675 pm and c = 2228 pm. The compound consists of [WCl₅(C₂Cl₂)]? anions and PPh₄⊕ cations including CCl₄ molecules without bonding interactions. The tungsten atoms are seven-coordinated by five chlorine atoms and two carbon atoms. The dichloro acetylene ligand is bonded symmetrically side-on and has a C? C bond length of 128 pm. The W? C distances are 201 pm, the four equatorial Cl atoms have W? Cl bond lengths of 234 pm whereas the chlorine atom in trans-position to the W? C₂ group is situated in a distance of 244 pm.     

A New Synthesis of 2-(6-Methoxycarbonylhexyl)-Cyclopent-2-EN-1-One Using α-Silylallyl Sulphide

Acylation of the α-trimethylsilylallyl phenyl sulphide (2). by reaction with the acid chloride (3), catalyzed by aluminium chloride in CH₂Cl₂ at ?78°C, gave methyl 9-oxo-12-phenylthio-11-dodecene (4). Hydrolysis of (4) followed by aldol condensation gave 2-(6-methoxycarbonylhexyl)-cyclopent-2-en-1-one (6).     

Metallocomplex catalyst of the addition reaction of CCl4 to ethylene

The catalyst Fe^IIFe₂ ^IIICl₈ (DMA)₆-iron(2+)diiron(3+)octachlorohexakis(dimethylacetamide), was isolated from the media of the catalytic synthesis of 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane (C₃), and characterized by physicochemical methods. A counter synthesis of the catalyst was carried out. The telomerization of ethylene with CCl₄ proceeds with a 98% selectivity with respect to C₃ in its presence, while the conversion of CCl₄, reaches 55–60% after 4 h. A coordination-ionic mechanism of the reaction of CCl₄ with C₂H₄ was proposed, which followed the concept of the donor-accpetor electron-transporting systems (the DAET systems), thus accounting for its high selectivity.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2794–2798. December, 1990.     

Strukturuntersuchungen an SIVN3-Gruppierungen. IV [1-3]

N-chloralkyl-nitridochloro Complexes of Molybdenum (VI). [Cl₅MoN-R]⁻ with R = CCl₃, C₂Cl₅. Crystal Structure of (AsPh₄)₂[(MoOCl₄)₂CH₃CN] In the reaction of tetraphenyl arsonium chloride with the complexes Cl₃PO (Cl₄)-MoN R (R=CCl₃, C₂Cl₅) the POCl₃ is displaced by chloride and yields [Cl₅MoN R] ⁻. From the i.r. spectra a structure with six-coordinated molybdenum and a MoN triple bond can be deduced. By reaction with water in acetonitrile the molybdenum is reduced to Mo(V) and the nitride ligand is removed yielding (AsPh₄)₂[(MoOCl₄)₂CH₃CN]. The crystal structure of this compund was determined with X-ray diffraction data. In the tetragonal structure (space group P4/n) AsPh₄⁺ cations and two different anions were found: square pyramidal [MoOCl₄]⁻ and [MoOCl₄ · NCCH₃]⁻ in which the nitrile is bonded in trans position to the oxygen. The short Mo O distances of 165 pm indicate a strong π-bonding.     

Preparation of chloropentafluoroethane from dichlorotetrafluoroethane - note 1.

Gaseous fluorination with hydrogen fluoride at atmospheric pressure of the two isomers CClF₂CClF₂ and CCl₂FCF₃ was carried out continuously on a chromic oxide based catalyst. The fluorinated derivative, obtained in a yield greater than 90%, was chloropentafluoroethane. Hexafluoroethane and an isomeric mixture of trichlorotrifluoroethane were obtained as by-products. The latter was recycled with unconverted C₂Cl₂F₄ for further fluorination. Both conversion of C₂Cl₂F₄ and selectivity to the formation of C₂ClF₅ were affected by temperature, contact time and molar ratio of the reagents. The catalytic activity of chromic oxide was adversely affected by small amounts of water in the hydrogen fluoride. A difference was also observed in the reactivity of the two isomersCCl₂FCF₃ and CClF₂OClF₂ The formation of C₂Cl₃F₃ as a by-product was due to the disproportionating activity of chromic oxide upon C₂Cl₂F₄.     

Studies by the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) technique: VIII. Interaction of low-energy electrons with the chlorine-containing molecules CCl4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CnH2n+1 Cl(n = 1 to 4). C2H3Cl,COCl2, NOCl,CNCl and Cl2

Rate constants, in some cases also activation energies and energy dependences, were measured for the capture of low-energy electrons by the molecules CCl₄, CHCl₃, CH₂Cl₂, C_nH_2n+1 Cl(n = 1 to 4), C₂H₃Cl, COCl₂, NOCl, CNCl and Cl₂ Potential energy curves were calculated for a number of negative ions.For ineffective scavengers the possibility of contributing scattering effects on the observed changes in signal intensity upon electron energy variation is indicated. In CCl₄ the observed energy dependence suggests the existence of intermediate negative ions. For Cl₂ good agreement was obtained between the calculated curves based on experimental data for electron capture and a recent self-consistent field analysis.     

Plasma-catalytic Reactor for Decomposition of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

The conversion of trichloromethane in mixtures with air was investigated under normal pressure in a gliding discharge (GD) reactor operated in both a homogeneous gas system and with a solid catalyst. The Pt catalyst supported by a honey-comb cordierite structure was placed in the reactor below the ends of the electrodes. Cl₂ and HCl were the main products of the CHCl₃ conversion. The presence of CCl₄ was also noted. The influence of the electrode length and the distance between the electrodes in the narrowest section on CHCl₃ conversion was examined. The Pt catalyst revealed some activity in the trichloromethane processing. This resulted in an increased overall CHCl₃ conversion with the portion of CHCl₃ converted to CCl₄ smaller than that in the homogeneous system. The effect of temperature on CHCl₃ conversion was found to be significant.     

Structural diversity in imidazolidinone organocatalysts: a synchrotron and computational study

(S)‐1‐(Methylaminocarbonyl)‐3‐phenylpropanaminium chloride (S2·HCl), C₁₀H₁₅N₂O⁺·Cl⁻, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a single formula unit per asymmetric unit. (5R/S)‐5‐Benzyl‐2,2,3‐trimethyl‐4‐oxoimidazolidin‐1‐ium chloride (R3 and S3), C₁₃H₁₉N₂O⁺·Cl⁻, crystallize in the same space group as S2·HCl but contain three symmetry‐independent formula units. (R/S)‐5‐Benzyl‐2,2,3‐trimethyl‐4‐oxoimidazolidin‐1‐ium chloride monohydrate (R4 and S4), C₁₃H₁₉N₂O⁺·Cl⁻·H₂O, crystallize in the space group P2₁ with a single formula unit per asymmetric unit. Calculations at the B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6–311G(d,p) levels of the conformational energies of the cation in R3, S3, R4 and S4 indicate that the ideal gas‐phase global energy minimum conformation is not observed in the solid state. Rather, the effects of hydrogen‐bonding and van der Waals interactions in the crystal structure cause the molecules to adopt higher‐energy conformations, which correspond to local minima in the molecular potential energy surface.     

Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen. 102. Zur Umsetzung von Chlormethanen mit elementarem Silicium (Bildung und Aufklärung linearer Carbosilane)

Formation of Organosilicon Compounds. 102. Reaction of Chlormethanes with Elemental Silicon. (Formation and Investigation of Linear Carbosilanes) Reactions of CH₂Cl₂, HCCl₃ and CCl₄ with silicon (Cu catalyst) in a fluid bed at about 320°C were carried out to investigate especially the Si-rich compounds. In the reactions of CH₂Cl₂ and CHCl₃, but not of CCl₄, in addition to already published compounds Si-rich viscous products are formed. The SiCl-containing mixtures were reacted with LiAlH₄, and the SiH-containing derivatives were separated by means of HPLC. CH₂Cl₂/Si forms unbranched chains of carbosilanes as Si_nC_n–1H_4n (n = 4—12,2 terminal SiH₃ groups) and Si_nC_nH_4n+2 (n = 4—9, 1 terminal SiH₃ and 1 CH₃ group) as well as 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexanes with carbosilane chains of various length attached either to a Si atom or to a C atom. CHCl₃/Si yields in addition to unbranched chains with terminal silyl group chains with one or two C-branches and 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexanes with 1, 2, or 3 silyl substituents attached to C atoms. The structure of the isolated compounds was investigated by nmr and mass spectrometry.     

Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen. 110. Reaktionen von (Cl3Si)2CCl2, seiner Si-methylierten Derivate,von (Cl3Si)2CHCl, (Cl3Si)2C(Cl)Me und Me2CCl2 mit Silicium (Cu-Kat.)

Formation of Organosilicon Compounds. 110. Reactions of (Cl₃Si)₂CCl₂ and its Si-methylated Derivatives as well as of (Cl₃Si)₂CHCl, (Cl₃Si)₂C(Cl)Me and Me₂CCl₂ with Silicon (Cu cat.) The reactions of (Cl₃Si)₂CCl₂ 1 , its Si-methylated derivatives (Me₃Si)₂CCl₂ 8 , Me₃Si? CCl₂? SiMe₂Cl 9 , (ClMe₂Si)₂CCl₂ 10 , Me₃Si? CCl₂? SiMeCl₂ 11 , Cl₂MeSi? CCl₂? SiCl₃ 12 as well as of (Cl₃Si)₂CHCl 38 , (Cl₃Si)₂CClMe 39 and of Me₂CCl₂ with Si (Cu cat.) in a fluid bed reactor ( 38 and 39 also in a stirred solid bedreactor) arc presented. While (Cl₃Si)₂CCl₂ 1 yields C(SiCl₃)₄ 2 the 1,1,3,3-tetrachloro-2,2,4,4-tetrakis(trichlorsilyl)-1,3-disilacyclobutane Si₆C₂Cl₁₆ 3 and the related C-spiro linked disilacyclobutanes Si₈C₃Cl₂₀ 4 , Si₁₀C₄Cl₂₄ 5 , Si₁₂C₅Cl₂₈ 6 , Si₁₄C₆Cl₃₂ 7 this type of compounds is not obtained starting from the Si-methylated derivatives 8, 9, 10, 11 They Produce a number of variously Si-chlorinated and -methylated tetrasila- and trisilamethanes. However, Cl₂MeSi? CCl₂? SiCl₃ 12 forms besides of Si-chlorinated trisilamethanes also the disilacyclobutanes Si₆C₂Cl₁₅Me 34 and cis- and trans Si₆C₂Cl₁₄Me₂ 35 as well as the spiro-linked disilacyclobutanes Si₈C₃Cl₁₉Me 36 , Si₈C₃Cl₁₈Me₂ 37 . (Cl₃Si)₂CHCl 38 mainly yields HC(SiCl₃)₃ 31 and also the disilacyclobutanes cis- and trans-(Cl₃Si)HC(SiCl₂)₂CH(SiCl₃) 41 and (Cl₃Si)₂C(SiCl₂)₂CH(SiCl₃) 45 the 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane [Cl₃Si(H)C? SiCl₂]₃ 44 as well as [(Cl₃Si)₂CH]₂SiCl₂, and (Cl₃Si)₂CClMe 39 mainly yields (Cl₃Si)₂C?CH₂and (Cl₃Si)₂besides of HC(SiCl₃)₃, MeC(SiCl₃)₃and (Cl₃Si)₃C? SiCl₂Me.,. Me₂CCl₂ 59 mainly yields Me(Cl)C?CH₂, Me₂CHCl and HCl₂Si? CMe₂? SiCl₃, besides of Me₂C(SiCl₃)₂ and Me₂C(SiCl₂H)₂ Compound 3 crystallizes triclinically in the space group P1 (Nr. 2) mit a = 900,3, b = 914,0, c = 855,3 pm, α = 116,45°, β = 101,44°, γ = 95,86° and one molecule per unit cell. Compound 4 crystallizes monoclinically in thc space group C2/c (no. 15) with a = 3158.3,b = I 103.7, c = 2037.4 pm, β = 1 16.62° and 8 molecules pcr unit cell. The disilacyclobutane ring of compound 3 is plane, showing a mean distance of d (Si-C) =19 1.8 pm and the usual deformations of endocyclic angles: α_Si = 94,2°> 85,8° = α_C.The spiro-linked disilacyclobutane rings of compound 4 are slightly folded by a mean angle of (19.0°). Their mean distances were found to be d (Si? C) = 190.4 pm relating to the central carbon atom and 192.0 pm to the outer ones, respectively. The deformations of endocyclic angles: α_Si = 93,9°> 84,4° = α_C are comparable to those of compound 3.     

Synthese von Mesitylaluminium-Verbindungen

Synthesis of Mesityl Aluminium Compounds Trimesityl aluminium, Al(C₉H₁₁)₃(thf), is easily prepared from aluminium chloride and solutions of Mg(C₉H₁₁)Br or Mg(C₉H₁₁)₂ in tetrahydrofuran. It loses tetrahydrofuran forming quite stable Al(C₉H₁₁)₃. Al(C₉H₁₁)Cl₂(thf) and Al(C₉H₁₁)Cl(thf) are obtained, too, from AlCl₃ and Al(C₉H₁₁)₃ or Mg(C₉H₁₁)₂, respectively.     

Abstraction of chlorine atoms from polychloroalkanes. II. Neighboring group effect on the rates of chlorine abstraction by cyclohexyl radicals

The kinetics of chlorine atom abstraction from trichloromethyl groups of the haloethanes (XCCl₃), CF₃CCl₃, CH₃CCl₃, C₂Cl₆, C₂Cl₅H, and CH₂ClCCl₃, by radiolytically generated cyclohexyl radicals was studied in the liquid phase by a competitive method. The chlorine atom abstraction data were put on an absolute basis by comparing the rates of the metathetical reactions with the known rate of addition of cyclohexyl radicals to C₂Cl₄. The following Arrhenius parameters were obtained: The error limits are the standard deviations from least mean square Arrhenius plots. It is shown that the neighboring group effect on the rate of chlorine atom abstraction from the trichloromethyl groups can be correlated with Taft polar substituent constants.     

Inclusion Compounds of Cyclotriveratrylene (2,3,7,8,12,13-hexamethoxy-5,10-dihydro-15H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononene) with Chlorinated Guests

Inclusion compounds were formed between the host cyclotriveratrylene, H, (2,3,7,8,12,13-hexamethoxy-5,10-dihydro-15H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononene) and the guests carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloropropane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane. 1 (H·CCl₄) has guest molecules in channels alternating with channels of host molecules. 2 (H·C₂H₃Cl₃·C₃H₅Cl₃) and 3 (H·2C₂H₃Cl₃) exhibit a slightly different packing arrangement with one guest molecule in the host cavity and the rest of the guest molecules in channels. The stability and reactivity of these inclusion compounds were investigated.