水分子在Yn (n=2-8)团簇表面的分子吸附与解离吸附

运用密度泛函理论,对H2O在Yn (n=2-8) 团簇表面的分子吸附与解离吸附两种模式进行了结构优化,电子性质分析。结果表明：分子吸附中H2O倾向于O端吸附于Y-Y原子桥位,而解离吸附中H2O解离的H, O原子倾向于吸附于Yn团簇的面位。两种吸附模式都导致了（解离吸附n=4, 5除外）主团簇Y原子平均键长增大。分子吸附和解离吸附的吸附强度和化学活性都随尺寸增加而增大。解离吸附中体系的稳定性明显高于分子吸附,且与体系的电子壳层效应密切相关。     

水分子在Yn (n=2-8)团簇表面的分子吸附与解离吸附

运用密度泛函理论,对H2O在Yn (n=2-8) 团簇表面的分子吸附与解离吸附两种模式进行了结构优化,电子性质分析。结果表明：分子吸附中H2O倾向于O端吸附于Y-Y原子桥位,而解离吸附中H2O解离的H, O原子倾向于吸附于Yn团簇的面位。两种吸附模式都导致了（解离吸附n=4, 5除外）主团簇Y原子平均键长增大。分子吸附和解离吸附的吸附强度和化学活性都随尺寸增加而增大。解离吸附中体系的稳定性明显高于分子吸附,且与体系的电子壳层效应密切相关。     

团簇ConAgm (n +m =13)表面吸附C2H4的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,本文对ConAgm(n+m=13)团簇的几何结构进行优化后,研究了C2H4分子在这类团簇的表面吸附行为,讨论了团簇的平均结合能、二阶能量差分、稳定性、DOS以及吸附前后键长的变化情况。结果表明,C2H4在团簇top位的吸附主要为物理吸附,而在face位和bridge位的吸附主要为化学吸附。吸附后,C2H4@Ag13的稳定性高于C2H4@Co13,且在face位吸附时C2H4@Co2Ag11的结构最为稳定。随着Co原子数的增加,团簇中原子间成键能力减弱,而d电子轨道则呈现出较强的相互作用,并导致其向能量相对高处发生转移     

N2O在Yn(n=2-7)团簇表面的自然解离

运用第一性原理,研究了N2O在Yn (n=2-7) 团簇表面吸附机理。结果表明：N2O吸附于 Yn (n=2-7)团簇表面时,不需要克服任何能垒而自然解离。吸附导致了主团簇Y原子平均键长增大,体系表现出了巨大的吸附能 (约为8-10eV)。吸附对体系化学活性的影响具有一定的尺寸依赖性。在所有团簇中,Y6N2O吸附能最大,化学性质最稳定。     

N_2O在Y_n(n=2-7)团簇表面的自然解离

运用第一性原理,研究了N2O在Yn(n=2-7)团簇表面吸附机理.结果表明:N_2O吸附于Yn(n=2-7)团簇表面时,不需要克服任何能垒而自然解离.吸附导致了主团簇Y原子平均键长增大,体系表现出了巨大的吸附能(约为8-10 e V).吸附对体系化学活性的影响具有一定的尺寸依赖性.在所有团簇中,Y_6N_2O吸附能最大,化学性质最稳定.     

二聚物X2 和 XK (X= Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)吸附NO的密度泛函理论研究

为有效降低NO对环境以及人体造成的危害,着重从催化剂入手,研究过渡金属Mn₂, Fe₂, Co₂, Ni₂, Cu₂及K掺杂的MnK, FeK, CoK, NiK, CuK的二聚物对NO的吸附性能.采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP, B3PW91, B3P86, B1B95以及PBE1PBE方法结合LANL2DZ, SDD, CEP-121G基组,采用B3LYP, B3PW91, B3P86以及PBE1PBE方法结合6-31++G(3df, 3pd), 6-311++G(3df, 3pd), 6-31G(d, p), LANL2DZ, SDD基组分别系统研究了X₂和XK (X=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)团簇和NO的几何结构,计算出其键长,频率,离解能,再与对应的实验值进行对比.进一步采用PBE1PBE方法结合LANL2DZ和6-31G(d, p)基组研究了X₂NO和KXNO团簇的几何结构,计算出各原子间键长和吸附能.结果表明,...     

吡咯烷酮对Aun (n = 2–10)团簇保护机制的第一性原理研究

使用密度泛函理论方法研究了Aun (n = 2-10)团簇与保护配体吡咯烷酮(pyrrolidone, PRD)之间的相互作用．经过在TPSS/def2-TZVP水平上的优化和遴选,得到较为稳定的Aun:PRD (n = 2-10)构型．计算表明： PRD与Au团簇间存在物理吸附作用,PRD中的O与Au相互间形成较弱的Au–O键,在二者之间存在少量的电荷转移,PRD作为电子供体,Au团簇为电子受体．表明PRD不仅能吸附在Aun(n = 2-10)团簇表面阻止其聚集,而且能够影响其电子性质,但这种影响较小。这正是选择PRD作为Aun保护配体的结构基础．     

H2在AlnCr(n=1-7)团簇上吸附和解离的密度泛函研究

采用用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法研究了H2在AlnCr(n=1-7)团簇上的吸附和解离。结果表明：AlnCr团簇结构与Aln+1团簇结构相似;物理吸附是H2是以侧向的形式吸附在Cr原子上,H-H键长略微增长,H2的振动频率发生了红移;除了n=5外,其它AlnCrH2团簇的最稳定结构均是AlnCr团簇的最稳定结构与两个氢原子成键而成;AlnCr团簇向H原子转移了电荷;AlnCrH2团簇的平均结合能,垂直电离势和能隙均大于AlnCr团簇的,即AlnCrH2团簇比AlnCr团簇更稳定;Al7Cr对H2的化学吸附表现出较强的惰性,而AlnCrH2(n=1,2,6)则表现出较强的化学活性;由化学反应路径跟踪可知,通过改变AlnCr团簇中Al原子的个数可以调节H2的物理化学吸附行为。     

吡咯烷酮对Au_n(n=2～10)团簇保护机制的第一性原理研究

使用密度泛函理论方法研究了Aun(n=2-10)团簇与保护配体吡咯烷酮(pyrrolidone,PRD)之间的相互作用.经过在TPSS/def2-TZVP水平上的优化和遴选,得到较为稳定的Aun∶PRD(n=2-10)构型.计算表明:PRD与Au团簇间存在物理吸附作用,PRD中的O与Au相互间形成较弱的Au—O键,在二者之间存在少量的电荷转移,PRD作为电子供体,Au团簇为电子受体.表明PRD不仅能吸附在Aun(n=2-10)团簇表面阻止其聚集,而且能够影响其电子性质,但这种影响较小.这正是选择PRD作为Aun保护配体的结构基础.     

中性及其带电Cun(n=2-12)团簇体系的第一性原理计算研究

结合半经验原子间势及遗传算法，采用密度泛函理论，系统计算研究了Cun(n=2-12)及Cun±(n=2-12)的基态与低激发态的几何结构与电子结构.结果表明：对中性团簇在n=3-6时基态为平面结构，而对于带电体系n=3-5时基态为低维结构，其中平面结构都以三角形为基本单元；对含更多原子的立体结构，基态主要以五角双锥为基本结构单元，传统的高对称性结构在小铜团簇基态中不占优势；计算所得Cun(n=2-12)中性体系结合能与实验结果完全一致，而结合带电体系计算所得团簇电离能与亲和势也与实验相符合；团簇电子结构的相关曲线（电离能、亲和势、二阶差分能）均呈现明显的奇偶振荡现象，这与含偶数电子Cu团簇的相对高稳定性密切相关。     

混合团簇Cu12A(A=Fe、Co、Ni)结构及能量特性的密度泛函研究

以Cu13非紧致低对称性基态结构及四种13原子高对称性(Ih、Oh、D5h、D3h)密堆积结构为初始构型,通过不等价位原子替换,利用密度泛函理论系统研究了Cu12A (A=Fe、Co、Ni)混合团簇的结构及能量特性.结果表明:Cu12 A(A=Fe、Co)团簇的基态结构均以Ih替换结构为主,且均倾向于中心位置替代的高对称性结构,而Cu12Ni团簇基态则为与Cu13类似的非紧致低对称性结构;Fe、Co、Ni三者对Cu13基态各不等价位替代结构稳定性序列基本相同,而对四种高对称性结构相应中心替代构型稳定性均高于表面替代构型(且Fe、Co均明显强于Ni);对各混合团簇基态结构均无明显同分异构现象.     

Ar adsorptions on Al (111) and Ir (111) surfaces: a first-principles study

We investigate the adsorptions of Ar on Al (111) and Ir (111) surfaces at the four high symmetry sites, i.e., top, bridge, fcc- and hcp-hollow sites at the coverage of 0.25 monolayer (ML) using the density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof functions. The geometric structures, the binding energies, the electronic properties of argon atoms adsorbed on Al (111) and Ir (111) surfaces, the difference in electron density between on the Al (111) surface and on the Ir (111) surface and the total density of states are calculated. Our studies indicate that the most stable adsorption site of Ar on the Al (111) surface is found to be the fcc-hollow site for the (2 × 2) structure. The corresponding binding energy of an argon atom at this site is 0.538 eV/Ar atom at a coverage of 0.25 ML. For the Ar adsorption on Ir (111) surface at the same coverage, the most favourable site is the hcp-hollow site, with a corresponding binding energy of 0.493 eV. The total density of states (TDOS) is analysed for Ar adsorption on Al (111) surface and it is concluded that the adsorption behaviour is dominated by the interaction between 3s, 3p orbits of Ar atom and the 3p orbit of the base Al metal and the formation of sp hybrid orbital. For Ar adsorption on Ir (111) surface, the conclusion is that the main interaction in the process of Ar adsorption on Ir (111) surface comes from the 3s and 3p orbits of argon atom and 5d orbit of Ir atom.     

Rotation of hydrogen molecules during the dissociative adsorption on the Mg(0001) surface: a first-principles study

Using first-principles calculations,we systematically study the potential energy surfaces and dissociation processes of the hydrogen molecule on the Mg(0001) surface.It is found that during the dissociative adsorption process with the minimum energy barrier,the hydrogen molecule first orients perpendicularly,and then rotates tobecome parallel to the surface.It is also found that the orientation of the hydrogen molecule in the transition state is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the surface.Most importantly,we find that the rotation causes a reduction of the calculated dissociation energy barrier for the hydrogen molecule.The underlying electronic mechanism for the rotation of the hydrogen molecule is also discussed in the paper.     

中性及其带电Cu_n(n=12-16)团簇体系的几何和电子结构的密度泛函理论研究

结合半经验Gupta原子间相互作用势及遗传算法,采用密度泛函方法系统计算研究了中性及带电Cu_n、Cu_n~±(n=12-16)团簇的基态与低激发态的几何结构与电子结构.结果表明:带电明显影响团簇结构稳定性,除Cu_(12)~-及Cu_(15)~+基态结构与相应中性团簇(Cu_(12)及Cu_(15)一致外,其它带电团簇基态结构与相应中性团簇均不相同;带电对团簇近基态同分异构现象也产生影响,全部带正电Cu_n~+(n=12-16)团簇均出现近基态同分异构体,而对中性及带负电团簇同分异构现象并不明显;计算所得Cu_n(n=12-16)团簇的电子离化能、电子亲和势及能隙的变化趋势均与实验结果相一致.     

Structures,stabilities, and electronic properties of F-doped Sin （n=1～12） clusters：Density functional theory investigation

The geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of FSin （n=1～12） clusters are systematically investigated by using first-principles calculations based on the hybrid density-functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311G level. The geometries are found to undergo a structural change from two-dimensional to three-dimensional structure when the cluster size n equals 3. On the basis of the obtained lowest-energy geometries, the size dependencies of cluster properties, such as averaged binding energy, fragmentation energy, second-order energy difference, HOMO–LUMO （highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital） gap and chemical hardness, are discussed. In addition, natural population analysis indicates that the F atom in the most stable FSin cluster is recorded as being negative and the charges always transfer from Si atoms to the F atom in the FSin clusters.     

CO adsorption on small Aun（n=1-7） clusters supported on a reduced rutile TiO2（110） surface:a first-principles study

CO adsorption on small Au n(n = 1-7) clusters which are supported by a partially reduced rutile TiO 2(110) surface has been investigated by the first-principles method.The low coordinated sites of Au clusters are favorable for CO adsorption.CO-Au n-TiO 2 system displays surface magnetism.There is a strong interaction between the adsorbed CO molecule and the supported Au clusters.     

Theoretical study for magnetic effect in dissociative adsorption of oxygen to a platinum monolayer on Ni(110) surface

We investigate oxygen dissociative adsorption to a platinum monolayer on Ni(110) surface (Pt/Ni(110)) by density functional theory. We have shown that the activation barrier on Pt/Ni(110) is lower than that on a clean Pt(001) surface. This may be due to the effect of magnetization of Pt surface. The reason of decrease of activation barrier can be attributed to the flow of electrons from oxygen to platinum surface because the d orbitals have spin polarization at the Fermi level where the down spin d orbitals are unoccupied.     

H2S在Cr(111)面上吸附与解离的第一性原理研究

采用了第一性原理研究了H₂S在Cr(111)面的吸附解离过程，利用吸附能、吸附构型和偏态密度图(PDOS)研究了H₂S及其解离产物在Cr(111)面上的吸附情况，都偏向倾斜吸附在Cr(111)面.同时研究了HS/H和S/H共吸附情况，得到共吸附物质在Cr(111)面上有明显的相互作用.最后使用线性同步和二次同步变换方法确定了解离反应的过渡态，了解到第一、二步解离的活化能分别为1.65 eV、0.82 eV,H₂S分子在Cr(111)面上的解离过程是放热反应，反应能为-2.90 eV.     

AunXm(n+m=4,X=Cu，Al，Y)混合小团簇的结构和稳定性研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法，优化了Au_nX_m(n+m=4,X=Cu，A l，Y)二元混合团簇的稳定结构.计算了稳定结构的平均结合能、电离势、电子亲和势、最高占据轨道能级和最低空轨道能级及二者间的能隙.结合Mulliken集居数分析研究了二元混合团簇稳定存在的规律，得出掺杂可以增强团簇稳定性的结论. 关键词： 混合团簇 结合能 能隙 分子轨道集居数