共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 60 毫秒
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采用自旋密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法并结合晶体配位场理论,研究了Ni离子掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2体系(NixTi1-xO2;NixTiO2)的几何结构、缺陷形成能、电子结构以及磁性特征等问题。结果表明:实验上发现的有关Ni掺杂TiO2体系的很多矛盾,如:晶粒体积的增减、掺杂Ni离子的不同价态、吸收光谱带边移动方向和体系磁性特征的差异等问题都可归因于Ni离子掺杂类型的不同(NiTi;Niin)。分析表明,不同的Ni离子掺杂类型导致所成Ni-O键的键长和电荷布居不同,从而使Ni离子呈现不同的价态,这也是体系宏观电学和磁学性能差异的根本原因。形成能计算表明,通过控制Ni-TiO2晶体生长过程中的氧环境,可以人为的控制Ni离子的掺杂类型。 相似文献
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N/F掺杂和N-F双掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2(101)表面电子结构的第一性原理计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用密度泛函理论(DFT)平面波赝势方法计算了N/F掺杂和N-F双掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2(101)表面的电子结构.由于DFT方法存在对过渡金属氧化物带隙能的计算结果总是与实际值严重偏离的缺陷,本文也采用DFT+U(Hubbard系数)方法对模型的电子结构进行了计算.DFT的计算结果表明N掺杂后,N2p轨道与O 2p和Ti 3d价带轨道的混合会导致TiO2带隙能的降低,而F掺杂以及氧空位的引入对材料的电子结构没有明显的影响.DFT+U的计算却给出截然不间的结果,N掺杂并没有导致带隙能的降低,而只是在带隙中引入一个孤立的杂质能级,反而F掺杂以及氧空位的引入带来明显的带隙能降低.DFT+U的计算结果与一些实验测量结果能够较好地符合. 相似文献
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采用密度泛函理论(DFT)平面波赝势方法计算了N/F掺杂和N-F双掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2(101)表面的电子结构. 由于DFT方法存在对过渡金属氧化物带隙能的计算结果总是与实际值严重偏离的缺陷, 本文也采用DFT+U(Hubbard 系数)方法对模型的电子结构进行了计算. DFT的计算结果表明N掺杂后, N 2p轨道与O 2p和Ti 3d价带轨道的混合会导致TiO2带隙能的降低, 而F掺杂以及氧空位的引入对材料的电子结构没有明显的影响. DFT+U的计算却给出截然不同的结果, N掺杂并没有导致带隙能的降低, 而只是在带隙中引入一个孤立的杂质能级, 反而F掺杂以及氧空位的引入带来明显的带隙能降低. DFT+U的计算结果与一些实验测量结果能够较好地符合. 相似文献
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为了探索AlN在光电器件中的潜在应用,采用第一性原理计算了不同Lu掺杂浓度(以原子分数x表示)的AlN(Al1-xLuxN)的电子结构和光学性质。研究结果表明,Al1-xLuxN的超胞体积随着Lu掺杂浓度的增加而增加,而带隙则相反。Al1-xLuxN的静态介电常数在低能区随掺杂浓度的提高而提高,随后逐渐趋向一致。随着Lu掺杂浓度的增加,反射率和吸收系数的峰值强度降低,峰值向较低能量方向移动。Al1-xLuxN的能量损失光谱表现出明显的等离子体振荡特性,且峰值低于本征AlN。Al1-xLuxN的光电导率在低能区随能量的增加而急剧增加。 相似文献
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为了探索 AlN在光电器件中的潜在应用,采用第一性原理计算了不同 Lu掺杂浓度(以原子分数 x表示)的 AlN(Al1-xLuxN)的电子结构和光学性质。研究结果表明,Al1-xLuxN的超胞体积随着Lu掺杂浓度的增加而增加,而带隙则相反。Al1-xLuxN的静态介电常数在低能区随掺杂浓度的提高而提高,随后逐渐趋向一致。随着Lu掺杂浓度的增加,反射率和吸收系数的峰值强度降低,峰值向较低能量方向移动。Al1-xLuxN的能量损失光谱表现出明显的等离子体振荡特性,且峰值低于本征AlN。Al1-xLuxN的光电导率在低能区随能量的增加而急剧增加。 相似文献
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采用第一性原理计算的方法,研究了不同浓度及不同位置Cr掺杂Cu2O体系的缺陷形成能、电子结构和可见光区域的光催化性质及产生机理。结果表明,本征Cu2O显示半导体特性,在可见光区域吸收很弱;不同浓度、不同位置的Cr掺杂体系均是稳定的,显示金属特性。与本征Cu2O相比,随着Cr掺杂浓度的增大,体系在可见光范围内的吸收峰均有不同程度的增强,并且两个Cr原子近邻掺杂时可见光区域的吸收系数最大,光催化效率最强。态密度分析发现,Cr掺杂体系在可见光范围的吸收主要由Cr 3d态电子的带内跃迁产生;不同掺杂浓度和结构构型主要影响材料在长波长段的物理性质,而对短波长段的性质影响很小。因此,通过增大Cr掺杂浓度及调控掺杂位置可以提高Cu2O在可见光区域的光催化效率,推动Cu2O在光催化方面的发展。 相似文献
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基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理分别研究了不同浓度Br和I掺杂BiOCl体系的能带结构、态密度、形成能和光学性质.研究结果表明,由于Br的4p和I的5p轨道作用,Br和I掺杂可在一定程度上降低BiOCl的禁带宽度,拓宽BiOCl的光吸收范围.Br和I掺杂BiOCl的形成能计算结果表明,Br掺杂BiOCl的稳定性高于I掺杂体系.对于B,C,N,Si,P和S掺杂BiOCl体系,掺杂能级的形成主要由掺杂元素的np轨道贡献,使BiOCl吸收带边红移至可见光区.而S掺杂则位于价带顶位置,有效地降低了BiOCl禁带宽度,使BiOCl响应波长出现红移,且未形成中间能级,不易成为俘获陷阱,因此S掺杂将是一种提高BiOCl可见光光催化活性的改性方法. 相似文献
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V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的光吸收特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用V2O5和乙醇作为V掺杂TiO2的滴加液,运用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了不同浓度的V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的薄膜样品.对这些样品进行了紫外-可见透射光谱实验,发现V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的光谱响应范围向可见光区域移动,掺杂浓度为1.0%(摩尔分数)时红移效果最明显.此外,运用第一性原理,对V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构进行了研究,并运用能带结构理论对实验现象进行了解释.研究中发现:在V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2后,随着V浓度的增加,TiO2的禁带宽度逐渐减小,光谱响应范围扩大,能提高它的可见光响应;但是由于掺杂后价带与导带比较接近,容易形成新的空穴-电子复合中心,以及导带区域V3d轨道上电子与Ti3d轨道上的电子强关联作用也会降低电子的还原性,所以V浓度的增加会使TiO2的光催化性能降低.理论上计算出在V掺杂浓度为6.25%(摩尔分数)时,TiO2的光吸收边红移最大,与实验得到的变化趋势相吻合. 相似文献
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M(Al,Cu,Pd,Pt,Rh,Zr)掺杂CeO2的第一性原理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
二氧化铈因其具有较高的储氧/释氧能力、较强的氧化-还原性能,受到人们极大关注,并在工业催化领域有重要应用。杂质对二氧化铈性能具有重要影响,本文用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,并用DFT U方法描述Ce4f电子的强关联效应,研究了金属(M=Al,Cu,Pd,Pt,Rh,Zr)掺杂对二氧化铈(CeO2-x)的体性质(如晶格常数,体弹性模量)的影响。结果表明:晶格常数随着杂质含量增加呈单调减小;M掺入CeO2晶胞后,引起了体弹性模量的变化。 相似文献
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采用SGTE纯单质数据库中Gibbs能的表达式, 结合JANAF热力学数据, 采用最小二乘法对SGTE纯单质数据库中元素Si的Gibbs能表达式进行了重新评估, 得到了比SGTE数据库更精确的结果; 同时, 将SGTE数据库中CALPHAD方法得到的晶格稳定参数外推至0 K, 与第一原理总能赝势平面波和投影缀加波方法的结果进行了对比, 发现第一原理总能赝势平面波方法得到的晶格稳定参数结果为 > > >0, 与CALPHAD方法外推结果一致. 同时, 研究发现: 第一原理总能平面波赝势方法计算的diamond-Si的晶格常数和原子体积比实验值大, fcc-, hcp-和bcc-Si的结果比第一原理投影缀加波方法的小, 总能绝对值出现了类似的结果; 四种结构中所有的价态电子密度分布到0至-15 eV区间, 部分s态电子转化为p态电子, 其中diamond-Si的转化数目最多, 结构最稳定, 这与电子态密度的计算结果一致. 相似文献
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The First Principle Calculation of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of CdGeAs_2 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The electronic structure and optical properties of CdGeAs2 were calculated by the first principle method using ultra-soft pseudo-potential approach of the plane wave based upon density functional theory (DFT). Mulliken population analysis showed that atomic orbital hybridization occurs when forming chemical bonds. The relationship between inter-band transition and optical properties was analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for investigating or controlling CdGeAs2 crystal defects. 相似文献
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The structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of TaN were investigated by use of the density functional theory (DFT). Eight structures were considered, i.e., hexagonal WC, TaN, NiAs, wurtzite, and CoSn structures, cubic NaCl, zinc‐blende and CsCl structures. The results indicate that TaN in TaN‐type structure is the most stable at ambient conditions among the considered structures. Above 5 GPa, TaN in WC‐type structure becomes energetically the most stable phase. They are also stable both thermodynamically and mechanically. TaN in WC‐type has the largest shear modulus 243 GPa and large bulk modulus 337 GPa among the considered structures. The volume compressibility is slightly larger than diamond, but smaller than c‐BN at pressures from 0 to 100 GPa. The compressibility along the c axis is smaller than the linear compressibility of both diamond and c‐BN. The estimated hardness is 34 GPa. Thus, TaN in WC‐type structure is a potential candidate to be ultra‐incompressible and hard. The unique mechanical properties of TaN in WC‐type structure would make it suitable for applications under extreme conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009 相似文献
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The electron transport properties of various molecular junctions based on the thiol-ended oligosilane are investigated through density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. Our calculations show that oligosilanes doped by the phenyl and-C10H6 groups demonstrate better rectifying effect and their rectification ratios are up to 15.41 and 65.13 for their molecular junctions. The current-voltage(I-V) curves of all the Au/ modified oligosilane/Au systems in this work are illustrated by frontier molecular orbitals, transmission spectra and density of states under zero bias. And their rectifying behaviors are analyzed through transmission spectra. 相似文献
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基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算,研究了过渡金属元素Sc、Cr和Mn掺杂对Mg2Ge晶体光、电、磁性质的影响。结果表明,Sc掺杂能使Mg2Ge的费米能级进入导带,呈n型简并半导体;Cr和Mn掺杂能使Mg2Ge能带结构和态密度在费米能级附近产生自旋劈裂而形成净磁矩,表现为半金属磁体和稀磁半导体,体系净磁矩均来自杂质原子3d轨道电子及其诱导极化的Ge4p态和Mg2p态自旋电子。与本征Mg2Ge相比,掺杂体系静态介电常数增大,扩展了吸收光谱,提升了近红外光波段吸收能力。 相似文献
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<正>Highly ordered anatase titania nanotube arrays (TiNT) were fabricated by anodic oxidation. SEM analysis method was used to characterize the morphology of the prepared samples. TiNT samples doped with Cu ions were prepared by home-made Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc ions sources (MEVVA, BNU, China) implanter. Photo-electric response and methyl orange decomposition ability of implanted samples under UV and visible light were tested, and the results indicated that the performance of Cu/TiNT enhanced significantly under visible light; it was noteworthy that the photocurrent density of A-Cu/TiNT was 0.102 mA/cm~2, which was 115 times that of pure TiNT, and degradation ability of TiNT also strongly enhanced under visible light. In a word, the absorption spectrum of implanted anatase titania shifted to a longer wavelength region. Theoretic study on Cu-doped anatase based on density functional theory was carried out in this paper to validate the experiment results. The calculation results are depicted as follows: Intermittent energy band appeared around the Fermi energy after doping with Cu metal, the width of which was 0.35 eV and the location of valence and conduction bands shifted to the lower energy level by 0.22 eV; more excitation and jump routes were opened for the electrons. The narrowed band gaps allowed the photons with lower energy (at longer wavelength, such as visible light) to be absorbed, which accorded well with the experimental results. 相似文献
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Cai-Chao Ye Li-Feng Xie Xue-Hai Ju 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(9):1948-1961
Abstract First-principle computations were performed on the n-silane series (SinH2n+2, n = 1–10). The heat of formation (ΔfH), Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔfG), bond length, and bond dissociation energy (BDE) for both the Si?Si and Si?H bonds were predicted. The values of ΔfH and ΔfG from the accurate high level G3 method for lower silanes (n ≤ 5) were compared with experimental values and used as benchmarks. Thermodynamic properties derived from the G3 method in combination with the permutation reaction are in better agreement with experiments than those with the atomization reaction. The increments of the ΔfH and ΔfG values with an increasing SiH2-unit for n-silanes are 40.39 and 58.93 kJ/mol on average, respectively. The length of Si?Si bond increases slightly on average as the series number increases and then tends to be a constant for higher silanes. The BDEs for both the Si?Si and Si?H bonds initially decrease for lower silanes, and then approach a constant for higher silanes. The BDEs of the Si?Si bonds are smaller than those of Si?H bonds. The higher silanes are more unstable than the lower silanes. The average BDE of Si?Si bond at the MP2 level is ca. 302 kJ/mol, which is only half the experimental BDE value of the C?C bond (618 kJ/mol). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT 相似文献