第一性原理分析二氧化碳在CaO(100)表面的吸附性能

运用广义梯度密度泛函理论（GGA-PW91）结合周期平板模型方法,研究了CO2分子分别在1×1×1和2×2×1CaO(100)超晶胞面最稳定位的吸附行为。结果表明：CaO(100)表面的Osurf原子为CO2分子的有效吸附位,能够和CO2分子形成稳定吸附键C-Osurf, 其吸附能为0.858 eV。在吸附前后C和Osurf原子的价电子组态分别由2s0.892p2.47和2s1.842p4.99变化为2s0.682p2.33和2s1.902p5.17,而且在CO2分子中的O2s原子与Surface层的Casub4s原子间存在相互作用。考察了多个CO2分子在2×2×1 CaO(100)表面吸附时存在分子间相互排斥作用,发现当四个CO2分子吸附到2×2×1CaO(100)超晶胞面时,排斥能为1.76 eV,不利于CO2分子的吸附。     

第一性原理分析CO_2在CaO(100)表面的吸附性能

运用广义梯度密度泛函理论(GGA-PW91)结合周期平板模型方法,研究了CO_2分子分别在1×1×1和2×2×1CaO(100)超晶胞面最稳定位的吸附行为.结果表明:Ca O(100)表面的Osurf原子为CO_2分子的有效吸附位,能够和CO_2分子形成稳定吸附键C-Osurf,其吸附能为0.858 e V.在吸附前后C和Osurf原子的价电子组态分别由2s~(0.89)2p~(2.47)和2s~(1.84)2p~(4.99)变化为2s~(0.68)2p~(2.33)和2s~(1.90)2p~(5.17),而且在CO_2分子中的O2s原子与Surface层的Ca_(sub)4s原子间存在相互作用.考察了多个CO_2分子在2×2×1 Ca O(100)表面吸附时存在分子间相互排斥作用,发现当四个CO_2分子吸附到2×2×1CaO(100)超晶胞面时,排斥能为1.76e V,不利于CO_2分子的吸附.     

碳吸附于Fe（100）表面的第一性原理研究

本文采用自旋极化密度泛函理论计算了清洁Fe（100）表面及C吸附于Fe（100）表面三种结构: p(2×2)、c(2×2)及p(2×1)。清洁Fe(001)表面只有弛豫,没有重构。吸附C原子的Fe表面体系,最稳定位置为四重空位,空位吸附的C原子实际上与Fe成五重键,这与实验相符。通过对c(2×2)表面结构的电子态密度计算,发现C原子的s、p态与表面Fe原子的d、p及s态都有不同程度的相互作用,成键的主要作用为C2p态与Fe3dx2-y2、3dxy 态的杂化。     

H2S在Fe(100)面吸附的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论第一性原理, 在广义梯度近似下, 研究了表面覆盖度为0.25 ML (monolayer)时硫化氢分子在Fe(100)面吸附的结构和电子性质, 并与单个硫原子吸附结果进行了对比. 结果表明: 硫化氢分子吸附在B2位吸附能最小为-1.23 eV, 最稳定, B1位吸附能最大为-0.01 eV, 最不稳定; 并对硫化氢分子在B1位和B2位吸附后的电子态密度进行了分析, 也表明了吸附在B2位稳定, 且吸附在B2位后硫化氢分子几何结构变化不大; 将硫化氢中硫原子吸附与单个硫原子吸附的电子性质进行了比较, 发现前者吸附作用非常微弱; 同时对吸附后的Fe(100)面进行了对比, 单个硫原子吸附的Fe(100)面电子态密度出现了一系列峰值且离散分布, 生成了硫化亚铁, 表明在硫化氢环境下, 主要是硫化氢析出的硫原子发生了吸附. 关键词： 第一性原理 Fe(100)表面 吸附能 硫化氢     

第一性原理研究CO在Cu(110)表面的吸附

本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 并同时考虑范德华力的作用, 计算并分析了CO在Cu(110)表面的吸附情况. 结果表明: 1) CO在两个表面Cu原子的短桥位位置吸附最强, 吸附能为1.28 eV. 第二稳定吸附位置为表面Cu原子的顶位, 吸附能为1.23 eV. CO在其他两个位置, 表面两个Cu的长桥位和表面四个Cu的中心位的吸附要弱一些, 约为0.86 eV 和 0.83 eV. 2) 在Cu表面吸附的CO的C-O键长有部分拉长, 这与较强的吸附能和电荷转移相应. 3) 电荷分析表明所有吸附的CO整体上从衬底上面获得部分电荷, 约为0.2 个电荷.     

CO在Pu(100)表面吸附的研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了CO分子在Pu (100)面上的吸附. 计算结果表明：CO在Pu (100)表面的C端吸附比O端吸附更为有利，属于强化学吸附. CO吸附态的稳定性为穴位倾斜>穴位垂直>桥位>顶位. CO分子与表面Pu原子的相互作用主要源于CO分子的杂化轨道和Pu原子的杂化轨道的贡献. 穴位倾斜吸附的CO分子的离解能垒较小(0.280eV)，表明在较低温度下，CO分子在Pu (100)表面会发生离解吸附，离解的C，O原子将占据能量最低的穴位.     

硫在Fe(100)面吸附的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,在广义梯度近似下,计算了硫原子在Fe(100)面吸附的结构和电子性质,并计算了其分子轨道和吸附能.同时讨论了相关吸附性质与硫原子表面覆盖度(0.25-1.0ML)的关系.结果表明：硫原子吸附在H位最稳定,吸附能均随浓度的增加而单调增加;B位吸附的硫原子与Fe(100)表面的距离随浓度非单调变化,在0.5ML时达到最大,是由较高的局域电子云重叠产生的排斥作用所导致的;对比分析吸附前后硫和Fe的s及p电子的态密度,显示了硫化亚铁的生成.     

CO在Pu(100)表面吸附的研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了CO分子在Pu (100)面上的吸附. 计算结果表明：CO在Pu (100)表面的C端吸附比O端吸附更为有利,属于强化学吸附. CO吸附态的稳定性为穴位倾斜>穴位垂直>桥位>顶位. CO分子与表面Pu原子的相互作用主要源于CO分子的杂化轨道和Pu原子的杂化轨道的贡献. 穴位倾斜吸附的CO分子的离解能垒较小(0.280eV),表明在较低温度下,CO分子在Pu (100)表面会发生离解吸附,离解的C,O原子将占据能量最低的穴位. 关键词： 密度泛函理论 Pu (100) CO 分子和离解吸附     

CO在Ni(100)表面活化及硫中毒机理的ASED—MO研究

本文应用原子交迭和电子离域-分子轨道(ASED-MO)理论,研究了CO在Ni(100)表面活化及硫中毒机理。计算结果表明,CO顶位吸附比四度中心位吸附有更大的结合能。当CO分子被吸附于顶位时,其2π反键轨道将获得0.72个电子,解离能将从自由CO分子的11.1eV降到2.15eV。当吸附于四度中心位时,2π轨道将获得1.22个电子,解离能进一步降到1.85eV。由此看来,吸附于四度中心位的CO分子将具有更大的活性。当Ni(100)面上同时存在S原子吸附时,不同相对位置CO吸附结合能的计算结果表明,一个吸附S原子将“堵塞”四个最近邻顶位和四个最近邻中心位对CO的吸附作用,而对更远一些的吸附位则没有什么影响。这些结果支持了被吸附S原子对CO吸附的影响主要是近程性“结构效应”的观点。被吸附S原子的上述“堵塞”作用,吸附S原子后CO激活吸附位的减少,及可能存在的其它因素,构成了Ni表面的硫中毒。 关键词：     

W_(20)O_(58)(010)表面氢吸附机理的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,在广义梯度近似下,研究了W_(20)O_(58)晶胞、W_(20)O_(58)(010)表面结构及其氢吸附机理.计算结果表明:W_(20)O_(58)晶体理论带隙宽度为0.8 eV,为间接带隙,具有金属性.W_(20)O_(58)晶体中W—O共振较强,以共价键居多.W_(20)O_(58)(010)表面有WO终止(010)表面和O终止(010)表面,表面结构优化后使得W—O键长和W—O—W键角改变,从而实现表面弛豫.分别计算了H_2分子吸附在WO终止(001)表面和O终止(001)表面的WO-L-O_(1c),WO-V-O_(1c),WO-L-O_(2c),WO-V-O_(2c),O-L-O_(1c)和O-V-O_(1c)六种吸附构型,其中WO-L-O_(1c),WO-V-O_(1c)和WO-L-O_(2c)这三种吸附构型不稳定;而WO-V-O_(2c),O-L-O_(1c)和O-V-O_(1c)这三种吸附构型都很稳定,H_2分子都解离成两个H原子,吸附能均为负值,分别为-1.164,-1.021和-3.11 eV.WO-V-O_(2c)吸附构型的两个H原子分别吸附在O和W原子上;O-L-O_(1c)吸附构型的两个H原子,一个与O原子成键,另一个远离了表面.其中O-V-O_(1c)吸附构型最稳定,两个H原子失去电子,为O原子提供电子.分析其吸附前后的态密度,H的1s轨道电子与O的2p,2s轨道电子相互作用,均形成了一些较强的成键电子峰,两个H原子分别与O_(1c)形成化学键,最终吸附反应生成了一个H_2O分子,同时产生了一个表面氧空位.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.