谈设计性实验题的解题方法

从对近几年高考试卷的分析可见，高考对物理实验能力的要求逐年提高，考查面也更加深广，高考命题已不再局限于课本上规定的内容，设计性实验的出现，将实验的考查推向了更新高度，因而提高物理实验能力，开展有效的物理实验复习，既是完善自身物理素质的需要，也     

光的衍射实验的研究

光的衍射实验的研究牛原（包头钢铁学院冶金系０１４０１０）１引青实验教学过程中，学生要学习有关实验知识，同时提高实验操作能力和分析、探索问题的能力．光学实验中的单缝（或双缝）衍ｇ射实验，对学生认识衍射规律，提高操作能力是很有益处的．但是在此实验中，学生...     

实验教学中提高学生能力的尝试

师范专科学校的教育是为了培养合格的初中教师，随着社会的进步对人才的要求越来越高，就初中物理教师而言，不但要有扎实的理论知识，还应有一定的实验技能和实验室管理能力，所以如何提高培养学生的实验技能和实验室管理能力在实验教学中显得十分重要和必要．针对这两个问题我们在实验教学中做了一些改革的尝试，收到了一定效果，现概括如下．一、开放实验室，提高学生的实验技能提高学生实验技能关键问题是要给学生提供一个较好的实验环境，这包括足够的实验装置和更多的动手机会．但由于许多学校实验经费有限，很多实验装置在数量上不能…     

减小实验误差的三"选择"

实验设计的一般思路是，首先根据原理及可行性确定实验方案，其次选择实验器材、电路，最后进行数据处理和误差分析．选择操作性强的实验方案，选择合适的实验器材、电路，选择合适的处理实验数据的方法，可以减小实验误差，提高实验的精度．     

基于PASCO转动运动传感器测量刚体转动惯量

PASCO转动运动传感器可以精准地测量并实时地记录物体转动时的角速度。在落体法测量刚体转动惯量的实验中，为了提高实验的精度，将PASCO转动运动传感器与刚体转动惯量实验仪相结合，用PASCO转动运动传感器直接测量角速度并计算角加速度。改进后的仪器简化了实验步骤，提高了实验精度。对圆盘、圆环和圆柱试样的转动惯量进行测量，三组实验的相对误差分别为0.2%、0.7%和0.3%,实验结果准确。通过实验结果可得，改进后的实验仪器操作简单且测量精度很高。     

物理实验中学生非智力因素的培养

对物理实验教育，一般重视开发学生的智力因素，提高学生物理实验的能力。但在什么心理状态，什么环境条件下，对学生智力的发展，实验能力的培养才能获得最佳的效果不够重视。高职学生智力水平与考上普高的学生相比，差异并不太大，导致他们实验能力差的重要原因是非智力水平低下。因此，在提高高职生的物理实验能力方面，除发展学生智力因素外，也应培养和激发学生的非智力因素。     

"细致"与"创新"的整合--物理实验复习的新视角

近几年来物理实验内容在高考中的权重基本保持在13％～15％，实验内容涉及演示实验和设计实验等，试题的形式多样，面貌不断创新，越来越引人瞩目。从增强学生的实验意识，培养实验思维，提高实验能力出发，物理实验的复习策略必须注重“细致性”和“创新性”两个方面的整合。     

焦利斯秤在实验中的应用

对利期称稍加改装后可作七个题目的实验，充分发挥该仪器的效能，并且能提高实验精度．文章中介绍了单摆测重力加速度的实验，测声速的实验和弦振动的实验的作法．     

谈谈我院的“物理实验规范化教学”

本文从解放军信息工程学院物理实验规范化教学的经验中总结出“物理实验规范化教学”是贯彻执行国家教委关于物理实验基本要求，加强与提高教学质量，提高教师队伍的整体素质的行之有效的方法。     

丝阵负载电极结构改造实验

在Z-pinch实验中，丝阵负载电极结构和电流加载前负载的初始状态是影响实验结果及其重复性的重要工程因素之一，为了更好地控制实验条件，排除负载电极工艺结构干扰因素，提高物理实验结果的可靠性和准确性，并逐步实现物理实验精密化，开展了电极结构和负载现场安装工艺流程的改进和控制工作，并通过实验进行了对比研究。研究目的是改进电极结构和负载安装方式，提高负载安装就位状态的重复性和精度，并通过与旧结构进行实验对比，研究电极结构和负载初始状态对实验结果的影响程度和控制方法。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.