Isolation and Crystal Structure of 2—Bromoaldisin

INTRODUCTION2-Bromoaldisin was first isolated from the marine sponge Hymeniacidon aldis [1,2]. In the course of our systematic search for bioactive substances from marine organisms, we have studied the marine sponge Phacellia fusca Schmidt and obtained the title compound. Up to now, there is no report on the crystal structure of 2-bromoaldisin. This paper reports the isolation and crystal structure of it. EXPERIMENTALIsolation of 2-bromoaldisinThe sponge, Phacellia fusca Schmidt wa…     

现代固态有机化学之父——Gerhard M.J.Schmidt

本文主要介绍了GerhardM.J.Schmidt教授的生平、代表性的科研工作及其意义、影响和应用,从中展现出他的优秀品质、治学精神、杰出成就以及影响力。Schmidt教授少年早慧,求学艰辛,天赋独特,痴迷科学,为科学事业奋斗终身,在多个领域都有着卓越的成就,其中以固态有机化学领域最具代表性。他在科研的同时还担任诸多行政职务,为魏茨曼研究所、以色列乃至全世界的科学发展做了许多贡献。     

酰氯的Schmidt反应制备芳并吡咯里西啶

主要开展了烷基叠氮参与的分子内酰氯的Schmidt反应研究,合成了13种芳基取代的叠氮羧酸,并对其进行Schmidt重排反应研究.通过草酰氯原位活化反应底物中的羧基,将其转化为酰氯单元,提升其与叠氮基团的反应能力.通过底物结构的设计,使得重排反应主要经历异氰酸盐阳离子中间体,进而被芳环亲核捕获.芳环带强供电子基团对该转化效率具有比较明显的影响:当羧基邻位为叔碳时,其反应效率很低;而当羧基邻位为季碳时,其反应则十分高效.研究人员对此现象进行分析,并提出了合理解释.通过酰氯的Schmidt重排反应,成功高效地合成了一系列的芳并吡咯里西啶产物.     

海绵Phacellia fusca Schmidt化学成分的研究

海绵Phacellia fusca Schmidt系寻常海绵纲,小轴海绵目,扁海绵科,本文对海绵Phacelliafusca Schmidt的提取物的化学成分进行了详细的研究,从中分离鉴定了13个化合物,其中有8个是新化合物.其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,DEPT,HMQC,HMBC,1H-1H COSY,ESIMS,FABMS,EIMS,IR和X衍射等多种波谱分析方法鉴定.令人兴奋的是我们首先在海洋天然产物中发现了含氟化合物和一类新骨架的脑甙化合物.     

Biphenyl Ferulate from Glehnia littoralis

From the underground parts of Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miquel (Umbelliferae), a new compound named glehnilate was obtained. Its structure was determined by analysis of its spectral data.     

An altemative synthetic approach towards erythrinan and homoerythrinan alkaloids by tandem semipinacol/intramolecular Schmidt reaction

An alternative construction of A-B-D ring-system of erythrinan and homoerythrinan alkaloids by TiCl_4-mediated tandem semipinacol/intramolecular Schmidt reaction ofα-siloxyepoxyazide was addressed and the unusual epoxidation stereoselectivity was observed in preparation of the substrate once again.     

An alternative synthetic approach towards erythrinan and homoerythrinan alkaloids by tandem semipinacol/intramolecular Schmidt reaction

An alternative construction of A-B-D ring-system of erythrinan and homoerythrinan alkaloids by TiCl4-mediated tandem semipinacol/intramolecular Schmidt reaction of α-siloxyepoxyazide was addressed and the unusual epoxidation stereoselectivity was observed in preparation of the substrate once again.     

五氟苯酯与烷基叠氮化合物的分子内Schmidt重排反应

主要开展了五氟苯酯与烷基叠氮的分子内Schmidt反应研究.以5-叠氮-2-苯基-戊酸五氟苯酯为模板底物,考察了酸促进剂、溶剂以及温度对重排反应的影响,筛选出四氯化钛在回流1,2-二氯乙烷中反应的最优体系.设计并合成了11种5-叠氮-戊酸五氟苯酯,通过在酯基邻位引入芳基、苄基以及烷基等取代基,可提升酯基邻位的迁移动力,使得异氰酸酯阳离子盐为主要重排产物.随后考察该类型Schmidt重排反应的底物普适性,结果表明,当底物中酯基邻位连有富电子芳环或者苄基时,芳基会对重排产物进行加成环合,最终生成内酰胺产物;当底物的酯基邻位连有缺电子芳基或者烷基时,五氟苯酚负离子会对异氰酸酯阳离子亲核进攻,生成氨基甲酸酯产物.五氟苯酚负离子的良好离去性,可启动叠氮基团对酯基的亲核进攻,是Schmidt重排反应得以实现的关键.     

Continuous-flow synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes via Schmidt reaction

Using continuous-flow synthesis of nitriles by Schmidt reaction, a variety of aldehydes could be smoothly transformed into the desired nitriles in good to excellent yields. The mild reaction conditions and the flowing reaction system greatly improved the safety and make the reaction easy to scale up.     

Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of C,O,S,N-Glycosides in High Yield

The Koenig-Knorr method is still the most useful method for the synthesis of glycosides thoughpartly inherent disadvantages of this method could not be overcome. Recently Schmidt et al. reportedthat glycosyl trichloroacetimidates can be used to synthesize C, O and S-glycosides stereoselectively inhigh yield under mild reaction conditions.     

Competitive thermal ene reaction and Diels-Alder reactions of 2-[N-(alk-2-enyl)benzylamino]-3-vinylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4(4H)-ones

Thermal reaction of 2-[N-(alk-2-enyl)benzylamino]-3-(2-substituted and 2,2-disubstituted)vinylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4(4H)-ones gave azepine, the desired ene products, and/or pyran derivatives. The formation of the latter was responsible for the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between the α,β-unsaturated ester carbonyl moiety as a diene part and the alkenylamino moiety as an ene one. The reaction features depended upon the kinds of substituents both on the vinyl and alkenyl counterparts; strongly electron-withdrawing substituents on the vinyl moiety or an electron-donating substituent on the alkenyl one changed the reaction feature from the ene reaction to the hetero Diels-Alder reaction.     

钯催化的交叉偶联反应——2010年诺贝尔化学奖获奖工作介绍

钯催化的交叉偶联反应是非常实用的合成新方法.文章给出了Heck反应、Negishi反应和Suzuki反应的概念,对其反应机理作了详细的说明,并对其在复杂化合物和天然产物全合成中的应用作了评价.     

基本化学反应形式的系统分类

The old classification of basic chemical reactions was evaluated and a new systematic classification of basic reactions was proposed.In the new classification,all the chemical reactions were divided into oxidation-reduction reactions and non-oxidation-reduction reactions,and both can be divided into combination reaction,decomposition reaction and replacement reaction,respectively.In addition,a new class of basic reactions,the complicated decomposition reaction,was appended to reaction system.     

有机化学反应中间体的质谱分析

有机化学反应中活性中间体的性质各异,对反应中间体的表征和研究对于阐明和确证反应机理、优化反应条件、筛选催化剂和发现新类型反应至关重要.近年来,质谱技术和在线微量采样技术的发展,极大程度地拓展了质谱学在该领域的应用.本文总结了近年来本领域发展的新策略、技术和方法,以及有机质谱技术在反应中间体研究中的应用.     

A rapid and convenient synthesis of 5-unsubstituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones and thiones

A rapid and convenient synthesis of 5-unsubstituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones and thiones was developed. The reaction involves a one-pot reaction between oxalacetic acid, thiourea/urea, and aldehyde under microwave irradiation and provides the products in good yields and much shorter reaction times.     

Current progress of molybdenum carbide-based materials for electrocatalysis: potential electrocatalysts with diverse applications

Electrocatalysts are the cores of many electrochemical reactions including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR). Recent advances in research have demonstrated the potentials of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts for these reactions arising out of their unique electronic structure and physicochemical properties. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent advances of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts in these electrochemical processes. The corresponding synthesis strategies, structure and electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts are discussed and the relationships of the process-structure-property are highlighted. In addition, the catalytic mechanisms are analyzed based on the structure characterization and theoretical calculations results. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives are put forward for further development of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts.     

Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Addition/Cyclization Reaction between Alkynes or Alkenes with Unsaturated α-Halogenated Carbonyls

We have developed a photochemical ATRA/ATRC reaction that is mediated by halogen bonding interactions. This reaction is caused by the reaction of malonic acid ester derivatives containing bromine or iodine with unsaturated compounds such as alkenes and alkynes in the presence of diisopropylethylamine under visible light irradiation. As a result of various control experiments, it was found that the formation of complexes between amines and halogens by halogen-bonding interaction occurs in the reaction system, followed by the cleavage of the carbon–halogen bonds by visible light, resulting in the formation of carbon radicals. In this reaction, a variety of substrates can be used, and the products, cyclopentenes and cyclopentanes, were obtained by intermolecular addition and intramolecular cyclization.     

Ni催化的碳(sp2)-碳和碳(sp2)-杂交叉偶联反应

综述了Ni催化的碳(sp²)-碳和碳(sp²)-杂交叉偶联反应. 主要反应类型有: Heck反应、Sonogashira反应、Kumada-Corriu反应、Negishi反应、Stille反应、Suzuki反应、Ullmann反应、C—N偶联反应、C—O偶联反应、C—P偶联反应和C—S偶联反应. 详细地介绍了各个反应的底物要求、反应条件、反应选择性和产率. 最后, 我们对Ni催化的反应机理研究也作了总结.     

Variable Time Normalization Analysis: General Graphical Elucidation of Reaction Orders from Concentration Profiles

The recent technological evolution of reaction monitoring techniques has not been paralleled by the development of modern kinetic analyses. The analyses currently used disregard part of the data acquired, thus requiring an increased number of experiments to obtain sufficient kinetic information for a given chemical reaction. Herein, we present a simple graphical analysis method that takes advantage of the data‐rich results provided by modern reaction monitoring tools. This analysis uses a variable normalization of the time scale to enable the visual comparison of entire concentration reaction profiles. As a result, the order in each component of the reaction, as well as k_obs , is determined with just a few experiments using a simple and quick mathematical data treatment. This analysis facilitates the rapid extraction of relevant kinetic information and will be a valuable tool for the study of reaction mechanisms.     

钯催化合成嘧啶核苷衍生物的研究进展

嘧啶核苷衍生物在药物化学、生物探针和核酸化学的研究中具有重要的作用, 金属催化碳碳的形成广泛应用于嘧啶核苷衍生物的合成. 综述了钯催化的Sonogashira反应、Stille反应、Heck反应以及Hiyama反应在嘧啶类核苷衍生物合成中的应用.