Correlation lengths of the wigner-crystal order in a two-dimensional electron system at high magnetic fields

The insulator terminating the fractional quantum Hall series at low Landau level filling nu is generally taken to be a pinned Wigner crystal (WC), and exhibits a microwave resonance that is interpreted as a WC pinning mode. For a high quality sample at several densities, n, we find maxima in resonance peak frequency, f(pk), vs magnetic field, B. L, the correlation length of WC order, is calculated from f(pk). For each n, L vs nu tends at low nu toward a line with positive intercept; the fit is accurate over as much as a factor of 5 range of nu. The linear behavior is interpreted as due to B compressing the electron wave functions, to alter the effective electron-impurity interaction.     

Dissipative quantum hall effect in graphene near the Dirac point

We report on the unusual nature of the nu=0 state in the integer quantum Hall effect (QHE) in graphene and show that electron transport in this regime is dominated by counterpropagating edge states. Such states, intrinsic to massless Dirac quasiparticles, manifest themselves in a large longitudinal resistivity rho(xx) > or approximately h/e(2), in striking contrast to rho(xx) behavior in the standard QHE. The nu=0 state in graphene is also predicted to exhibit pronounced fluctuations in rho(xy) and rho(xx) and a smeared zero Hall plateau in sigma(xy), in agreement with experiment. The existence of gapless edge states puts stringent constraints on possible theoretical models of the nu=0 state.     

Cold collision frequency shift in two-dimensional atomic hydrogen

We report a measurement of the cold collision frequency shift in atomic hydrogen gas adsorbed on the surface of superfluid (4)He at T approximately < 90 mK. Using two-photon electron and nuclear magnetic resonance in 4.6 T field we separate the resonance line shifts due to the dipolar and exchange interactions, both proportional to surface density sigma. We find the clock shift Delta nu(c) = -1.0(1) x 10(-7) Hz cm(-2) x sigma, which is about 100 times smaller than the value predicted by the mean field theory and known scattering lengths in the three-dimensional case.     

四氯化碳费米共振的拉曼光谱研究

费米共振现象是一种广泛存在于分子振动光谱中的现象,特别是结构比较复杂的多原子分子.在多原子分子中当振动倍频或组合频位于某一基频附近,由于发生振动耦合,会出现两个新峰,峰的位置向两侧发生移动,二者谱线强度发生变化,把这种现象称为费米共振.费米共振现象不仅存在于红外光谱中,也存在于拉曼光谱中.文章中测量了CCl4的拉曼光谱,利用所得到的谱线峰位和用Originpro7.5软件程序获得积分强度,用费米共振的相关理论计算了C-Cl的a1对称伸缩振动频率v1与C-Cl2的f对称弯曲振动频率v4的组合频(v1 v4)与(某一未知基频)C-Cl的f对称伸缩振动频率v03的费米共振特征参数,进而计算出了耦合系数W和这一未知基频v03.该文对理解费米共振,了解分子振动频率,研究分子结构有很重要的参考价值.     

Measurement of the B0-->pi(-l)(+nu) form-factor shape and branching fraction, and determination of /Vub/ with a loose neutrino reconstruction technique

We report the results of a study of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decay, B0-->pi(-l)(+nu), undertaken with approximately 227 x 10(6) BB pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector. The analysis uses events in which the signal B decays are reconstructed with an innovative loose neutrino reconstruction technique. We obtain partial branching fractions in 12 bins of q2, the momentum transfer squared, from which we extract the f + (q2) form-factor shape and the total branching fraction B(B0-->pi(-l)(+nu))=(1.46+/-0.07stat+/-0.08syst) x 10(-4). Based on a recent unquenched lattice QCD calculation of the form factor in the range q2>16 GeV2, we find the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element /Vub/ to be (4.1+/-0.2stat +/- 0.2syst(+0.6)-0.4_{FF}) x 10(-3), where the last uncertainty is due to the normalization of the form factor.     

Spin chirality fluctuations and anomalous Hall effect in itinerant ferromagnets

The anomalous Hall effect due to the spin chirality order and fluctuation is studied theoretically in a Kondo lattice model without the relativistic spin-orbit interaction. Even without the correlations of the localized spins, sigma(xy) can emerge depending on the lattice structure and the spin anisotropy. We reveal the condition for this chirality-fluctuation driven mechanism for sigma(xy). Our semiquantitative estimates for a pyrochlore oxide Nd2Mo2O7 give a finite sigma(xy) approximately equal 10 Omega(-1) cm(-1) together with a high resistivity rho(xx) approximately equal 10(-4)-10(-3) Omega cm, in agreement with experiments.     

Evolving dark energy with w not = -1

Theories of evolving quintessence are constructed that generically lead to deviations from the w = -1 prediction of nonevolving dark energy. The small mass scale that governs evolution, m(phi) approximately = 10(-33) eV, is radiatively stable, and the "Why now?" problem is solved. These results rest on seesaw cosmology: Fundamental physics and cosmology can be broadly understood from only two mass scales, the weak scale nu and the Planck scale M. Requiring a scale of dark energy rho(DE)(1/4) governed by nu2/M and a radiatively stable evolution rate m(phi) given by nu4/M3 leads to a distinctive form for the equation of state w(z). Dark energy resides in the potential of a hidden axion field that is generated by a new QCD-like force that gets strong at the scale lambda approximately = nu2/M approximately = rho(DE)(1/4). The evolution rate is given by a second seesaw that leads to the axion mass m(phi) approximately = lambda2/f, with f approximately = M.     

High frequency conductivity in the quantum hall regime

We have measured the complex conductivity sigma(xx) of a two-dimensional electron system in the quantum Hall regime up to frequencies of 6 GHz at electron temperatures below 100 mK. Using both its imaginary and real part we show that sigma(xx) can be scaled to a single function for different frequencies and several transitions between plateaus in the quantum Hall effect. Additionally, the conductivity in the variable-range hopping regime is used for a direct evaluation of the localization length xi. Even for large filling factor distances deltanu from the critical point we find xi approximately equals deltanu(-gamma) with a scaling exponent gamma = 2.3.     

Circular polarization of ion fluorescence completing the analysis of resonant Xe* 4d(-1)(5/2)6p Auger decay

The relative contributions of the partial electron waves emitted in the Auger decay of the Xe* 4d(-1)(5/2)6p(J(*)=1) resonance have been determined by fluorescence polarimetry after excitation with circularly polarized synchrotron radiation. The analysis of circularly polarized fluorescence of the photoion leads to an independent determination of the orientation parameters for all states of the Xe II 5p(4)6p multiplet. The present study provides, in combination with data on the angular distribution and spin polarization of the Auger electrons, complete quantum mechanical information on the resonant Auger decay, i.e., branching ratios and relative phases of the Auger decay amplitudes.     

Compactification of patterns by a singular convection or stress

A wide variety of propagating disturbances in physical systems are described by equations whose solutions lack a sharp propagating front. We demonstrate that presence of particular nonlinearities may induce such fronts. To exemplify this idea, we study both dissipative u_{t}+ partial differential_{x}f(u)=u_{xx} and dispersive u_{t}+ partial differential_{x}f(u)+u_{xxx}=0 patterns, and show that a weakly singular convection f(u)=-u;{alpha}+u;{m}, 0相似文献   

Evidence for the emission of 'alkali-metal-noble-gas' van der Waals molecules from cavitation bubbles

Visible emission spectra in the vicinity of resonance lines of alkali metals were recorded from acoustically cavitating aqueous and 1-octanol solutions (acoustic frequency: 20 kHz; solutes: Ar (or Kr), NaCl, RbCl or rubidium 1-octanolate). The maximum intrabubble density deduced from line shift data was approximately 5 +/- 0.7 x 10(26) m-3, i.e. approximately 18 +/- 2 amagats. It is demonstrated that (i) the emission from alkali metals arose from the gas phase of bubbles, (ii) the blue satellite and line distortions were induced, respectively, by B2 sigma+ - X2 sigma+ and A2II - X2 sigma+ transitions of 'alkali-metal/rare-gas' van der Waals molecules and (iii) excitation/de-excitation mechanisms are chemiluminescent in essence.     

Observation of Coriolis Coupling between nu(2) + 4nu(4) and 7nu(4) in Acetylene &Xtilde;(1)Sigma(+)(g) by Stimulated Emission Pumping Spectroscopy

Stimulated emission pumping (SEP) spectroscopy has been used to examine a low energy region (E(vib) approximately 4400 cm(-1)) of &Xtilde;(1)Sigma(+)(g) acetylene at higher resolution than was possible in previous dispersed fluorescence studies. The expected bright state, nu(2) + 4nu(4), is observed to be coupled to the nearly degenerate 7nu(4) state by a Coriolis mechanism. A least-squares analysis yields values for zero-order vibrational energies, rotational constants, and a Coriolis-coupling coefficient that are all consistent with expectations. Calculated relative intensities of SEP transitions, accounting for interference due to axis-switching effects, are also consistent with observations. Implications of the observed Coriolis resonance with regard to global acetylene vibrational dynamics are also discussed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

A study of perfect wetting for Potts and Blume-Capel models with correlation inequalities

The so-called perfect wetting phenomenon is studied for theq-state,d2 Potts model. Using a new correlation inequality, a general inequality is established for the surface tension between ordered phases ( ^a,b ) and the surface tension between an ordered and the disordered phases ( ^a,f ) for any even value ofq. This result implies in particular at the transition point _t where the previous phases coexist forq large. This inequality is connected to perfect wetting at the transition point using thermodynamic considerations. The same kinds of results are derived for the Blume-Capel model.     

Evidence of a first-order phase transition between Wigner-crystal and bubble phases of 2D electrons in higher Landau Levels

For filling factors nu in the range between 4.16 and 4.28, we simultaneously detect two resonances in the real diagonal microwave conductivity of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) at low temperature T approximately 35 mK. We attribute the resonance to Wigner-crystal and Bubble phases of the 2DES in higher Landau Levels. For nu below and above this range, only single resonances are observed. The coexistence of both phases is taken as evidence of a first-order phase transition. We estimate the transition point as nu=4.22.     

Cross-correlation tomography: measuring dark energy evolution with weak lensing

A cross-correlation technique of lensing tomography is developed to probe dark energy in the Universe. The variation of weak shear with redshift around foreground galaxies depends only on the angular distances and is robust to the dominant systematic error in lensing. We estimate the margin-alized accuracies that deep lensing surveys with photometric redshifts can provide on the dark energy density Omega(de), the equation of state parameter w, and its evolution w('): sigma(w) approximately equal 0.01f(-1/2)(sky) and sigma(w(')) approximately equal 0.03f(-1/2)(sky), where a prior of sigma(Omega(de))=0.03 is assumed in the marginalization.     

Intensity resonances in a double-mode HeNe/CH4 laser with synchronized modes

4 gas laser with an intracavity absorbing cell is studied experimentally and theoretically at a modulation frequency approximately equal to the intermode beat frequency. It is revealed that in the vicinity of the absorption-line centre the intensity of every mode for certain system parameters displays resonance structures narrower than the homogeneous line width of the absorption line. This occurs when the range of mode synchronization is near the absorption-line centre and its size is less than the homogeneous width of the absorption line. Received: 29 February 1996/Revised version: 4 February 1997     

Infrared hall effect in high- T(c) superconductors: evidence for non-fermi-liquid hall scattering

Infrared ( 20-120 and 900-1100 cm(-1)) Faraday rotation and circular dichroism are measured in high- T(c) superconductors using sensitive polarization modulation techniques. Optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7 thin films are studied at temperatures in the range ( 15相似文献   

Measurement of the branching fraction of Gamma(4S) --> B0B0

We report the first measurement of the branching fraction f(00) for Gamma(4S) --> B(0)B(0). The data sample consists of 81.7 fb(-1) collected at the Gamma(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) storage ring. Using partial reconstruction of the decay B(0) --> D(*+) l(-)nu(l) in which only the charged lepton and the soft pion from the decay D(*+) --> D(0)pi(+) are reconstructed, we obtain f(00) = 0.487 +/- 0.010(stat) +/- 0.008(syst). Our result does not depend on the branching fractions of B(0) --> D(*+)l(-)nu(l) and D(*+) --> D(0)pi(+) decays, on the ratio of the charged and neutral B meson lifetimes, nor on the assumption of isospin symmetry.     

Determining neutrino mass from the cosmic microwave background alone

Distortions of cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization maps caused by gravitational lensing, observable with high angular resolution and high sensitivity, can be used to measure the neutrino mass. Assuming two massless species and one with mass m(nu), we forecast sigma(m(nu))=0.15 eV from the Planck satellite and sigma(m(nu))=0.04 eV from observations with twice the angular resolution and approximately 20 times the sensitivity. A detection is likely at this higher sensitivity since the observation of atmospheric neutrino oscillations requires Deltam(2)(nu) greater, similar (0.04 eV)(2).     

Simultaneous Analysis of the Rovibrational Levels upsilon(4)=1, 2, and 3 of HCCI and DCCI Based on Infrared Spectra

The energy levels upsilon(4)=1, upsilon(4)=2, and upsilon(4)=3 of DCCI have been analyzed by using the fundamental nu(4)(1) (470-520 cm(-1)) and the overtone 2nu(4)(0) (955-1005 cm(-1)) bands together with the hot bands 2nu(4)(0,2)<--nu(4)(1), 3nu(4)(1,3)<--2nu(4)(0,2), and 3nu(4)(1)<--nu(4)(1). In the case of HCCI the previously studied hot bands connected to nu(4) have been completed by adding 3nu(4)(1)<--nu(4)(1) into the analysis. The various l-type resonances have been taken into account in the analyses of both the isotopomers. Furthermore, the Coriolis resonance between the close-lying nu(3) and nu(4) of DCCI has been considered. Altogether, accurate values for the molecular constants and the resonance parameters have been obtained from simultaneous analysis and they have been compared with those from separate analyses for different levels. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.